Climate Change and the Urban Poor in Khulna Presentation on the Existing Situation and Outlook S.M. Mehedi Ahsan Urban Governance and Development Expert Good Urban Governance Program, GIZ Bangladesh Friday, 3 June 09.06.2011 Seite 1
Content Climate Change & Urbanization in Bangladesh - Impact of Climate Change -Bangladesh -Coastal Region -Khulna City Khulna City -Introduction -Climate Vulnerabilities of Khulna City -Potentials German Development Cooperation s support to KCC for Climate Adaptive Urban Development 09.06.2011 Seite 2
Bangladesh - Himalaya to the north - Bay of Bengal to the south 09.06.2011 Seite 3
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High Population density 840 people /Km 2 56% children suffering from malnutrition Low literacy rate (53%) Low per capita income Agro-based economy 09.06.2011 Seite 5
Climate is Changing Projected Future Sea Level Rise in the Bay of Bengal A2 (High Emission Scenario) B1 (Low Emission Scenario) Sea level rise 2030 2050 2080 14 cm 32 cm 62 cm 2 cm 8 cm 15 cm Source: IPCC fourth assessment report, 2007 09.06.2011 Seite 6
Climate is Changing Facing various natural disasters: Flood Cyclone Drought River Erosion Waterlogging Salinity 09.06.2011 Seite 7
Extreme Event: Cyclone SIDR 09.06.2011 Seite 8
Extreme Event: Cyclone AILA 09.06.2011 Seite 9
Destroy Everything of Life 09.06.2011 Seite 10
Urbanization in Bangladesh Growing at a rate of 4% annually 09.06.2011 Seite 11
% of Total Population Level of Urbanization in Bangladesh 25 20 15 10 % of total 5 0 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1974 1981 1991 2001 - An estimated total Population of Bangladesh is now160 mio. -More than 5.5 mio people is living in Urban Areas. 09.06.2011 Seite 12
Urbanization in Bangladesh However, the rapid pace of urbanization remains mainly unplanned, un-responded and unrecognized, resulting in negative impacts in the urban areas. An estimated 6 million people live in urban poor settlements commonly known as slums Bangladesh s cities and towns account for a rapidly increasing national GDP 09.06.2011 Seite 13
Governance and Climate Change Impacts of climate change affect the governance mechanism and on the other hand proper climate change adaptation/resilience need good governance; the effectiveness and efficiency of LGs are directly affected climate change adaptation needs good governance The impacts of climate change and variability in Bangladesh are felt through a number of complex and linked factors such as- weak governance lack of capacity to adapt poverty inequality legacy of past conflicts political instability etc 09.06.2011 Seite 14
Governance and Climate Change Responses to climate change must take account of the broad dimensions of what makes people resilient for example not just drought-resistant crops and embankments to protect them from floods but also the interlinked factors of livelihood options, good infrastructure, social inclusion and effective governance Interlinked Problems Require Interlinked Solutions. 09.06.2011 Seite 15
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- Khulna City Corporation is functioning under Local Government Division under Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives. -Khulna is the third largest city of Bangladesh having around 1.5 mio population and aprox. 2.3 mio in the urban agglomeration. -Accommodating climate migrants of south-western coastal zone. 09.06.2011 Seite 17
Major Challenging Issues of Khulna City Corporation -Weak Administrative and Financial Capacity. -Highly dependent on Central Government for major infrastructure improvement/development and financial decision making. -Poor Coordination between Khulna Development Authority; a city development authority under Ministry of Housing and Public Works. -Khulna is a low-lying city which has developed in a linear pattern alongside the Bhairab and Rupsha rivers in south western Bangladesh. The whole city area is only 2.5 meters above the mean sea level. 09.06.2011 Seite 18
Map of Khulna City 09.06.2011 Seite 19
Climate Change and it s impact on Khulna City -Inundation & Waterlogging -Tidal River System and storm water drainage congestion. -Salinity intrusion and it s threat on potable drinking water. -Destroy the infrastructure. -Urban Poor's are severely affected. 09.06.2011 Seite 20
River Network in South West part of Bangladesh -Due to Ganges barrage the sweet water flow has decreased significantly caused the salinity intrusion. -Salinity of Water and soil is allready increased. 09.06.2011 Seite 21
Impact of Climate Change on Khulna City 09.06.2011 Seite 22
Impact on Drainage System Figure 5.2: Water logging scenario for Base Condition in 2010 Source: IWM (2010) 09.06.2011 Seite 23
Impact on Drainage System Figure: Water logging Map for 2030 (A2 Scenario with Climate Change) Source: IWM (2010) 09.06.2011 Seite 24
Impact on Drainage System Figure: Water logging Map for 2050 (A2 Scenario with Climate Change) Source: IWM (2010) 09.06.2011 Seite 25
50 40 30 20 10 0 Percentage Migrating The probability of increasing the contribution of these reasons is high as the population exposed to the natural disasters are increasing due to climate change. Figure: Causes of migration towards Khulna city According to Khulna Master Plan-2002 Source: Interim Report, Volume II, Population and Urbanization, Preparation of structure plan master plan and detailed area plan of Khulna city 09.06.2011 Seite 26
Migration towards Khulna city 120000 100000 80000 Migrated Population 60000 40000 Migrated Population 20000 0 Base Condition Year 2030 Figure: Comparison between projected migration and migration at base condition 09.06.2011 Seite 27
Nationally over 9,000 slums were identified of which 520 were located in Khulna where they were found throughout the urban area. In 2005, the slum population of Khulna was just under 189,000 living in 37,826 households around 20% of Khulna s population in 2005. This also implies that around another 20% of households lived in poor housing outside defined slum areas. 09.06.2011 Seite 28
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Khulna City Corporation requested German Development Cooperation to develop Khulna as a Resilient City. GIZ is supporting Khulna City Corporation through Good Urban Governance Program Technical Cooperation focused on: - Capacity Development of Khulna City Corporation for improved service delivery. i.e, safe drinking water supply for floating and slum people and Urban Management issues covering technical management, ICT, installation of GIS Lab in KCC. (contribution to digital urban sector). - Develop institutional capacity for functional coordination between Khulna City Corporation & Khulna Development Authority. 09.06.2011 Seite 30
Capacity Development in preparation and implementation of urban development plans: - sustainable, propoor urban transportation plan (CDIA/KfW) - urban poverty reduction strategy - concepts for planned urban growth - concepts in SWM / composting / biogas plants, with Public Private Partnerships - concepts for alternative Water and Sanitation approaches. -concepts for Resilient cities (climate adaptation / mitigation) and access to funds for climate change. -Preparation of Strategic Urban Development Plan including Land Use Plan for addressing Climate Change impacts and reducing urban poverty. 09.06.2011 Seite 31
Thanks a lot Q&A 09.06.2011 Seite 32