Volume 16(1), 184-191, 2012 JOURNAL of Hortiulture, Forestry and Biotehnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro Inreasing produtive effiieny of a ulture of mushroom Agarius bisporus as a result of improvement of tehnologial links for nutrient substrate ultivation and plant protetion Horgoş A. 1*, Beheresu Alexandra 1, Popa D. 1, Drăgunesu Ana 1, Ieniu Anişoara 1, Neag T. 2 1 Banat s University of Agriultural Sienes and Veterinary Mediine Timişoara; 2 Family Assoiation *Corresponding author. Email: horgos_a @yahoo.om Abstrat Cultivation of Agarius bisporus mushrooms (Champignon mushrooms), in areas that originally had another purpose (warehouses, stables, workshops to raise hikens or hens, et.), requires ompliane and enforement largely of the same tehnologies of ulture. But some adjustments are needed in the way of settlement of the rop nutrient substrate prodution building, urrently using two methods of settlement on the shelves: the reipients of PE foil bags plaed vertially and PE foil ontainers of retangular shape plaed horizontally. Initiated researh aimed at determining the best type of ontainer for use in ulture, in terms of overage using a mixture prepared by different reipes and substrate ombat nematodes and insets flying in the loal air, with various produts (Nemasys M, Dimilin). Establishing onlusions and reommendations was based on quantifying produtive effiieny for a prodution yle and then for one year. Key words spae, loal ulture, prodution, tehnology, ontainer, nutritive substrate, nematodes, insets Culture systems - traditional, semiintensive and intensive industrial (monozonal, bizonal and plurizonal) involve the introdution and settlement of ulture nutritive substrate (ompost) in a loal ulture based on eah speifi ulture tehnology by several methods, differing: hillok ultures as arranged on the floor; ulture as hilloks arranged on shelves; ulture as flat layers; ulture in polyethylene bags or other ontainers. Until 1971, the ulture method in polyethylene bags in Romania was unknown, being experiened in small areas later this year. Sine 1981, in mushroom ulture began to be used with priority polyethylene bags. There are different variations of size of polyethylene bags, with different apaities of filling the nutritive substrate, depending on their size. Bags filled with ulture substrate by settlement sit in the building of ulture aording to their shape in longitudinal or transverse rows. The bags an also be used for ulture on shelves with 1-3 storey parapets, onstruted of preast onrete, metal mesh or reinfored onrete. Reuse is possible only if it s the heat treatment with steam at a temperature of 80-85 o C for 4-5 hours or with Basamid GR or Dazomet 98% in quantity of 10 g/m 2 in warm period (15 June -15 July). Mushroom ulture in polyethylene bags or other ontainers, has the following advantages: nutritive substrate in bags is proteted by infestation with nematodes, filling bags with onsumption is less labor, building the ulture is more diffiult to infest speifi pests and diseases even after several yles of ultural ahievement, as infetions are loalized in a single bag, with limited expansion possibilities, introdution and evauation of the premises of the ulture bag is more advantageous ompared with flat layers or hilloks, being easier their individual handling, the nutritive substrate an be transported to greater distanes from the plae where they were omposting, without ausing its immediate and imminent infestation with pathogens on the transport route. In intensive ulture system settlement substrate runs in two forms: on the shelves - for monozonal ulture in rates - for bizonal and plurizonal ulture. Currently in private mushroom farms operating in our ountry are used mainly as reipients of ulture bags, PE bags and retangular shape ontainers whose dimensions are shown in Table 1. Material and Method Initiated researh on adaptation mushroom ulture tehnology in other spaes, whih originally had another purpose, and effet of use in prodution of two different types of retangular shape ontainers and preparation reipes of the mixture over and the produts insetiides nematoide (Nemasys M and Dimilin) used to maintain plant hygiene substrate ulture and ultural premises, took plae in SC Champignon SRL Arad, a private ompany whih has built mushroom prodution using prodution halls of a former hiken farm (Aviola - Arad). Transforming growth halls of hikens for meat or poultry for eggs was performed making use of 184
numerous design knowledge, on speifi issues of mushrooms ulture. Currently, the mushroom farm that was founded operates in full design apaity, meets the attributes of a modern mushroom farm equipped with heating and ooling (winter and summer), the prodution yle is arried out in ontinuous flow with fored mehanial ventilation and humidity from mirolimate in ulture rooms, all of whih are omputer ontrolled under a program established pursuant to ulture tehnology. The aim of researh was initiated to determine whih of the two types of retangular shape ontainers (bags of PE foil or retangular ones), plae on raks in a different ulture room are best plaed to use in prodution and preparation of reipes overing a mixture of ulture nutritive substrate to best prodution results, both aspets being pursued in onditions of limiting and ontrolling nematodes and insets using different produts as nematoide and insetiides. Nutritive substrate ulture is imported under ontrat from speialized ompanies in Hungary, being plaed in individual retangular shape ontainers of types mentioned before. Initiated researh objetives relate to prodution monitoring: differentiated the two types of reipients, by using two reipes for preparing the mixture over for over rop nutritive substrate (mixture made from additive peat; farm soil 50% and blak peat 50%) in both types of retangular shape ontainers in terms of limiting and ontrolling nematodes and insets in the ulture of loal air there were used Nemasys M and and the insetiide Dimilin, applied alone or in ombination. It was initiated a polyfatorial type of experiene where experimental fators are: Fator A The settlement of ompost in the ulture loal a 1 in ontainers - polyethylene bags plaed vertially on shelves with 3 levels; a 2 in polyethylene retangular shape ontainers plaed horizontally on shelves with 3 levels; Fator B Cover mixture preparation reipe: b 1 reipe I mixture made from additive peat; b 2 reipe II mixture made from farm soil 50% + blak peat 50%; Fator C Produts used to ontrol nematodes and insets flying in the atmosphere of ulture plae 1 Not treated ontrol (C) 2 Treatment with Nemasys M; 3 Treatment with Dimilin; 4 Combined treatment with Nemasys M and Dimilin For both types of ontainers was used the nutritive substrate (ompost) prepared in stage III, whih allows in a alendar year up to 8 yles. Depending on the stage of preparation of ompost duration of a rop yle an be: - 60 days for ompost prepared in stage II, of whih 54 of inubation and harvesting and 6 days for evauating the used nutritive substrate and for preparing a new prodution yle; 365 days/year: 60 days/yle = 6 yles of prodution/year; - 46 days for ompost prepared in stage III, of whih 40 of inubation and harvesting and 6 days for evauating the used nutritive substrate and for preparing a new prodution yle; 365 days/year: 46 days/yle = 7,9 8 yles of prodution/year. Results and Disussions In tables 1 and 2 and figure 1 there are presented tehnial details regarding the arrangement of a room and of a hall prodution (module) whih has two rooms. It follows from this table that the floor area of a room that is 190 m 2, has a orresponding surfae area of 240 m 2 surfae resulting from adding raks with three levels. Tehnial details of the arrangement of a ulture room at SC Champignon SRL Arad Total surfae (m 2 ) Culture room No.of No. levels Plane rak level Reipient type surfae (m 2 ) levels on rak surfae (m 2 ) PE bags Retangular PE reipients L x l = 20 x 10 = 200 L x l = 20 x 10 = 200 4 3 4 3 L x l = 17 x 1,2 = 20 L x l = 17 x 1,2 = 20 rak with three levels no.of rows on a three level rak total surfae /room 60 4 240 60 4 240 Table 1 reipient dimensions (m) = 38,2 l = 60 h = 20 L x l x h = 60 x 40 x 15 Using PE bags and retangular PE ontainers filling apabilities of a room for the nutritive substrate (ompost inubated in stage III) is shown in Table 2. Researhes were developed in a ulture in whih there were used both types of reipients, retangular ones (a 2 ) being plaed on the surfae of the three level raks with width base area equal to the rak, so that their united surfaes will show a ontinuous surfae. 185
Filling apabilities with nutritive substrate (n.s.) in stages II and III of preparation Total no.of Duration of a prodution yle Average No. Quantity of n.s. reipients / weight of n.s. reipients/m Reipient type / ulture room 2 ulture room n.s. stage II * n.s. stage III ** /reipient rak surfae (t) (ps.) (kg) (ps) PE bags 1200 22,800 Retangular PE reipients 1008 22,176 54 days + 6 evauation days = 60 days 54 days + 6 evauation days = 60 days 40 days + 6 evauation days = 46 days 40 days + 6 evauation days = 46 days Table 2 No. reipients / row on a three level rak 19 5 300 22 4,2 252 *) n.s. stage II = pasteurized and onditioned ompost inoulated with granule myelium (no inubation) **) n.s. stage III = pasteurized and onditioned inoulated ompost with 18-21 days inubation Fig. 1. Outline plan of a prodution loal for Agarius bisporus ulture (two rooms module with general utilities): V ventilation system; CT heating/ooling system; C omputer ontrol system In table 3 and figure 2 there are presented the obtained experimental results when using PE bags (a 1 ) and retangular reipients (a 2 ), the two types over mixtures (b 1 additive peat b 2 farm soil 50% + blak peat 50%) and when using the different treatment substanes for ontrolling pests ( 2 - Nemasys M, 3 Dimilin, 4 - Nemasys M + Dimilin). We an see the differenes between the obtained produtions for eah of the two types of reipients used, meaning 36.3 % and 37.2 % a 1 (PE bags), respetively a 2 (retangular reipients). The average prodution obtained under the impat of fator A is 36.3%, respetively 34.485 ulture surfae in a 1 (PE bags) and of 37.2 % and 34.373 in a 2 (retangular reipients), meaning 100.2 % respetively 99.8 % than de a 3 Mx (average value of the experiment). The differene is not signifiant leading to the onlusion that any of the reipients an be used in prodution. The statisti alulation in table 5, point 1, shows this beause there is no signifiane between the prodution differenes. Table 4 and figure 3 show the total produtions obtained under the impat of fator A, fator B and fator C, by ultivating mushrooms in 8 prodution yles of 46 days/yle during 365 days. 186
6,460 7,277 6,973 7,562 5,700 7,049 6,821 7,334 7,414 8,778 8,140 6,600 9,196 8,558 7,942 8,844 6,937 8,028 7,557 8,379 6,150 7,804 7,382 8,089 20,1 23,3 26,5 24,6 23,8 27,2 25,3 24,8 22,9 23,9 23,2 27,0 25,9 24,3 22,5 23,1 21,7 25,6 25,0 23,9 26,5 24,7 23,5 26,2 34,0 30,0 33,7 30,0 33,9 30,0 112,6 38,3 107,9 36,7 117,1 39,8 37,1 119,7 35,9 109,8 37,0 38,6 118,4 39,9 124,0 41,8 38,9 120,3 36,1 108,9 36,9 123,7 40,2 115,7 39,1 120,8 40,8 38,0 120,0 36,0 128,7 39,4 129,7 134,0 126,9 131,5 Fator: A B C a 1 a 2 a 3 (M x) b 1 Table 3 Experimental results of Agarius bisporus prodution by improving some tehnologial links onerning the over mixture and phyto-sanitary protetion No. mushr. /reipient (ps.) Average weight of a mushr. (g/bu) Average prodution/yle for: Fator C Fator B Fator A Prodution/ kg/100 No. Prodution/ t/ulture kg/100 No. Prodution/ t/ulture kg/100 reipient kg mushr. reipient mushr. reipient ulture room of kg n.s.* ulture room of kg n.s.* n.s.* room 240 m 2 /reipient or % room 240 m 2 /reipient Kg % Kg % Kg % or % or % 1 277,8 23,3 6,460 34,0 32,300 7,752 2 274,6 26,5 7,277 112,6 38,3 36,385 8,732 3 283,6 24,6 6,973 107,9 36,7 34,865 9,368 4 278,0 27,2 7,562 117,1 39,8 37,810 9,074 (ps.) 278,4 7,068 37,2 35,340 8,482 (ps.) ulture room t/ultur e room of 240 m 2 % 272,3 6,897 36,3 34,485 8,277 100,2 1 239,3 23,8 5,700 30,0 28,500 6,840 b 2 278,6 25,3 7,049 123,7 37,1 35,245 8,459 2 266,2 6,726 95,2 35,4 33,630 8,072 3 275,3 24,8 6,821 119,7 35,9 34,105 8,185 4 271,6 27,0 7,334 128,7 38,6 36,670 8,801 1 324,0 22,9 7,414 33,7 31,139 7,473 b 2 366,8 23,9 8,778 118,4 39,9 36,868 8,848 1 349,0 8,382 38,1 35,204 8,449 3 350,2 23,2 8,140 109,8 37,0 34,188 8,205 4 355,0 25,9 9,196 124,0 41,8 38,623 9,270 346,8 8,184 118,7 37,2 34,373 8,250 99,8 1 327,7 20,1 6,600 30,0 27,720 6,653 b 2 352,2 24,3 8,558 129,7 38,9 35,944 8,627 2 344,6 7,986 95,3 36,3 33,541 8,050 3 353,0 22,5 7,942 120,3 36,1 33,356 8,005 4 345,5 25,6 8,844 134,0 40,2 37,145 8,915 1 300,9 23,1 6,937 33,9 31,720 7,613 b 2 320,7 25,0 8,028 115,7 39,1 36,627 8,790 1 313,7 7,725 37,7 35,272 8,465 3 316,6 23,9 7,557 108,9 36,9 34,527 8,286 4 316,5 26,5 8,379 120,8 40,8 38,217 9,172 309,6 7,541 109,3 36,8 34,429 8,263 1 283,5 21,7 6,150 30,0 28,610 6,866 b 2 315,4 24,7 7,804 126,9 38,0 35,595 8,543 2 305,4 7,356 95,2 35,9 33,586 8,061 3 314,2 23,5 7,382 120,0 36,0 33,731 8,095 4 308,6 26,2 8,089 131,5 39,4 36,908 8,858 1 292,2 22,4 6,544 32,0 30,165 7,240 * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 318,1 24,9 7,916 121,0 38,6 36,111 8,667 * * * * * * * * * * * * 3 315,4 23,7 7,470 114,2 36,5 34,129 8,191 * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 312,6 26,3 8,234 125,8 40,1 37,563 9,015 * * * * * * * * * * * * *) n.s. = nutritive substrate * 50 Greutatea medie iuperă (g/bu) Produţia medie ilu / reipient ( Kg) Produţia medie ilu (kg/100 kg substrat nutritiv de ultură sau %) Produţia medie ilu / reipient (%) 160 45 140 40 35 120 30 100 25 80 20 60 15 10 40 5 20 0 0 b1- reteta I b2 reteta II b1- reteta I b2 reteta II b1- reteta I b2 reteta II a1 Sai din folie PE a 2 Reipienţi dreptunghiulari a3 Media experienţei (Mx) Fig.2. Experimental results of Agarius bisporus prodution by improving some tehnologial links onerning the over mixture and phyto-sanitary protetion 187
Table 4 Synthesis of the experimental results onsidering Agarius bisporus prodution, by improving some tehnologial links onerning the over mixture and phyto-sanitary protetion Average prodution obtained/year: Fator Fator C Fator B Fator A A B C a 1 a 2 a 3 (M x) b 1 b 2 b 1 b 2 b 1 b 2 kg/100 kg n.s. or % t/ulture room of 240 m 2 ulture room surfae 1 34,0 62,016 258,4 2 38,3 69,864 291,1 112,6 3 36,7 66,936 278,9 107,9 4 39,8 72,600 302,5 117,1 1 30,0 54,720 228,0 2 37,1 67,656 281,9 123,7 3 35,9 65,472 272,8 119,7 4 38,6 70,416 293,4 128,7 1 33,7 71,184 296,6 2 39,9 82,264 351,1 118,4 3 37,0 78,144 325,6 109,8 4 41,8 88,272 367,8 124,0 1 30,0 63,360 264,0 2 38,9 82,152 342,3 129,7 3 36,1 76,248 317,7 120,3 4 40,2 84,912 353,8 134,0 1 33,9 66,600 277,5 2 39,1 77,064 321,1 115,7 3 36,9 72,552 302,3 108,9 4 40,8 80,448 335,2 120,8 1 30,0 59,040 246,0 2 38,0 74,928 312,2 126,9 3 36,0 70,872 295,3 120,0 4 39,4 77,664 323,6 131,5 % kg/100 kg n.s. or % t/ulture room of 240 m 2 ulture room surfae % 37,2 67,853 282,72 35,4 64,570 269,04 95,2 38,1 67,591 281,63 36,3 64,399 268,33 95,3 37,7 67,722 282,18 35,9 64,486 268,69 95,2 kg/100 kg n.s. or % t/ulture room of 240 m 2 ulture room surfae % 36,3 66,212 275,88 100,2 37,2 65,995 274,98 99,8 36,8 66,105 275,44 1 32,0 62,832 261,8 * * * * * * * * 2 38,6 75,984 316,6 121,0 * * * * * * * * 3 36,5 71,712 298,8 114,2 * * * * * * * * 4 40,1 79,056 329,4 125,8 * * * * * * * * The highest produtions were obtained where the fators there were ombined as a 2 b 1 4-41.8%, a 2 b 2 4-40.2%, followed by the ombinations a 2 b 1 2-39.9 % and a 1 b 1 4-39.8 %. We an see that by applying Nemasys M and Dimilin at the same time ( 4 ) we obtain maximum produtions, this being followed by applying Nemasys M ( 2 ) and then Dimilin ( 3 ). The average value of the experiment (a 3 -Mx) had produtions of 40.1% ( 4 -Nemasys M + Dimilin), of 38.6 % ( 2 -Nemasys M) and of 36.5 % ( 3 - Dimilin). In the same table there are presented total produtions obtained under the impat of fator A, observing that by using retangular reipients the prodution inreased with 0.9% (a 2 ). Total prodution ( ) was of 275.88 in a 1 (PE bags), meaning 100.2% than a 3 (Mx), and 274.98 in a 2 (retangular reipients), than a 3 (Mx). The prodution differenes are not signifiant (± 0.2%) than a 3 (Mx), whih shows that both types of reipients an be used in ulture aording to farmers possibilities. At the same time, we an se the impat of overing substrate mixture reipe b 1 (additive peat) and b 2 (farm soil 50% + blak peat 50%). By interating both graduations of fator A (a 1 and a 2 ), prodution effiieny is differentiated only under the impat of fator B (b 1 and b 2 ). In both reipient types (a 1 - PE bags and a 2 retangular reipients) the produtions obtained under the impat of fator b 2 are almost the same, of 95.2 % respetively 95.3 % than b 1. The average value of the experiment under the impat of b 2 (farm soil 50% + blak peat 50%) had a differene of 4.8 % than b 1 (additive peat), and the prodution effiieny was of 1.8 kg/100 kg n.s. (1.8%). The prodution differene per total surfae of ulture room 240 m 2, the value is 13.49 kg mushrooms (4.8 %). Statistial alulation indiates a favourable impat of b 1 upon mushroom prodution, in both reipient types. In table 5 there are presented the prodution differenes signifianes, based on statisti alulation, obtained under the impat of fators interdependene. 188
150 275,880 Produţia medie realizată/an alendaristi pentru fatorul B (Kg/100 kg s.n.. sau %) Produţia medie realizată/an alendaristi pentru fatorul B (t/ameră de ultură de 240 mp) Produţia medie realizată/an alendaristi pentru fatorul A (%) Produţia medie realizată/an alendaristi pentru fatorul A (kg/mp suprafaţă ameră de ultură) 276,0 135 275,8 120 105 90 275,440 100,2 100,2 99,8 99,8 275,6 275,4 275,2 75 67,853 64,570 67,591 274,980 64,399 64,486 275,0 60 274,8 45 37,2 35,4 38,1 36,3 37,7 37,723 35,9 274,6 30 274,4 15 274,2 0 b1- reţeta I b2 reţeta II b1- reţeta I b2 reţeta II b1- reţeta I b2 reţeta II a1 Sai din folie PE a 2 - Reipienţi paralelipipedii a3 Media experienţei (Mx) 274,0 Fig.3. Synthesis of the experimental results onsidering Agarius bisporus prodution, by improving some tehnologial links onerning the over mixture and phyto-sanitary protetion Table 5 Unilateral impat of fators interations upon Agarius bisporus prodution by using different ulture reipients and phyto-pharmaeutial produts for ontrolling nematodes and insets in the ulture loal Variant Average prodution Relative prodution Differene (kg/100 kg n.s.) (%) (±kg/100 kg n.s.) Signifiane 0 1 2 3 4 1. Unilateral impat of reipients upon mushrooms prodution a2-a1 74.40 72.60 102.48 1.80 - a3-a1 73.55 72.60 101.31 0.95 - a3-a2 73.55 74.40 98.86-0.85 - DL 5% = 3.82 DL 1% = 5.79 DL 0.1%= 9.29 2. Unilateral impat of over substrate mixture reipe upon mushrooms prodution b2-b1 107.58 112.98 95.22-5.40 00 DL 5% = 3.60 DL 1% = 4.96 DL 0.1% = 6.82 3. Unilateral impat of pests ontrol produts upon mushrooms prodution 2-1 57.83 47.91 120.72 9.93 *** 3-1 54.64 47.91 114.05 6.73 *** 4-1 60.17 47.91 125.59 12.26 *** 3-2 54.64 57.83 94.48-3.19 00 4-2 60.17 57.83 104.03 2.33-4-3 60.17 57.83 104.03 2.33 - DL 5% = 2.49 DL 1% = 3.37 DL 0.1% = 4.51 4. The impat of interation between the same reipient and different over substrate mixture reipes upon mushrooms prodution a1b2- a1b1 70.80 74.40 95.16-3.60 - a2b2- a2b1 72.60 76.20 95.28-3.60 - a3b2- a3b1 71.75 75.35 95.22-3.60 - DL 5% = 5.09 DL 1% = 7.01 DL 0.1% = 9.65 5. The impat of interation between the same reipient and different pests ontrol produts upon mushrooms prodution a12- a11 37.70 32.00 117.81 5.70 ** a13- a11 36.30 32.00 113.44 4.30 * 189
190 0 1 2 3 4 a14- a11 39.20 32.00 122.50 7.20 *** a13- a12 36.30 37.70 96.29-1.40 - a14- a12 39.20 37.70 103.98 1.50 - a14- a13 39.20 36.30 107.99 2.90 - a22- a21 39.40 31.85 123.70 7.55 *** a23- a21 36.55 31.85 114.76 4.70 * a24- a21 41.00 31.85 128.73 9.15 *** a23- a22 36.55 39.40 92.77-2.85 - a24- a22 41.00 39.40 104.06 1.60 - a24- a23 41.00 36.55 112.18 4.45 * DL 5% = 3.52 DL 1% = 4.77 DL 0.1% = 6.38 6. The impat of interation between the same over substrate mixture reipe and different pests ontrol produts upon mushrooms prodution b12- b11 58.67 50.80 115.49 7.87 *** b13- b11 55.28 50.80 108.83 4.48 * b14- b11 61.20 50.80 120.47 10.40 *** b13- b12 55.28 58.67 94.23-3.38 - b14- b12 61.20 58.67 104.32 2.53 - b14- b13 61.20 55.28 110.70 5.92 ** b22- b21 57.00 45.02 126.62 11.98 *** b23- b21 54.00 45.02 119.96 8.98 *** b24- b21 59.13 45.02 131.36 14.12 *** b23- b22 54.00 57.00 94.74-3.00 - b24- b22 59.13 57.00 103.74 2.13 - b24- b23 59.13 54.00 109.51 5.13 ** DL 5% = 3.52 DL 1% = 4.77 DL 0.1% = 6.38 7. The impat of interation between different over substrate mixture reipe and the same pests ontrol produts upon mushrooms prodution b21- b11 45.02 50.80 88.62-5.78 0 b22- b12 57.00 58.67 97.16-1.67 - b23- b13 54.00 55.28 97.68-1.28 - b24- b14 59.13 61.20 96.62-2.07 - b22- b11 57.00 50.80 112.20 6.20 ** DL 5% = 4.38 DL 1% = 5.99 DL 0.1% = 8.17 8. The impat of interation between the same reipient and the same over substrate mixture reipe and different pests ontrol produts upon mushrooms prodution a1b12- a1b11 38.30 34.00 112.65 4.30 - a1b13- a1b11 36.70 34.00 107.94 2.70 - a1b14- a1b11 39.80 34.00 117.06 5.80 * a1b13- a1b12 36.70 38.30 95.82-1.60 - a1b14- a1b12 39.80 38.30 103.92 1.50 - a1b14- a1b13 39.80 36.70 108.45 3.10 - a2b22- a2b21 38.90 30.00 129.67 8.90 ** a2b23- a2b21 36.10 30.00 120.33 6.10 * a2b24- a2b21 40.20 30.00 134.00 10.20 *** a2b23- a2b22 36.10 38.90 92.80-2.80 - a2b24- a2b22 40.20 38.90 103.34 1.30 - a2b24- a2b23 40.20 36.10 111.36 4.10 - DL 5% = 4.98 DL 1% = 6.74 DL 0.1% = 9.02 9. The impat of interation between the same reipient and different over substrate mixture reipe and the same pests ontrol produt upon mushrooms prodution a1b21- a1b11 30.00 34.00 88.24-4.00 - a2b22- a2b12 38.90 39.90 97.49-1.00 - a3b23- a3b13 36.00 36.87 97.65-0.87 - DL 5% = 6.19 DL 1% = 8.48 DL 0.1% = 11.56
Out of the unilateral analyse of experimental fators from points 1, 2 and 3 (table 5) it results that: - there is no signifiane of prodution differenes between a 2 (retangular reipients) and a 1 (PE bags), whih shows that the produtions obtained are not statistial assured (not signifiant), and that both types of reipients an be used for mushrooms ulture (point 1); - the signifiane of prodution differenes between b 2 (farm soil 50% + blak peat 50%) and b 1 (additive peat) is distint signifiant negative, the obtained produtions being statistially overed, at the same time showing a superior potential in b 1 (point 2); - the signifiane of prodution differenes from point 3 (Unilateral impat of pests ontrol produts upon mushrooms prodution), between the produtions obtained under the impat of pests ontrol produts and those obtained in the ontrol variant (no treatments), are very signifiant positive, the produtions being statistially assured and superior with 14.2 % up to 25.8 %. - there stand out the produtions obtained in 4 (Nemasys M + Dimilin); Out of the analyse of fators interations from points 4-9 we see that, aording to bi or trifatorial ombinations, some produtions differenes are signifiant and some not, showing the more or less impat of some experimental fators. Conlusions and Reommendations 1. Making a produtive ativity in a mushroom farm aims to many aspets of its equipment with advaned mahinery and automation and omputerization of prodution proess tehnology and organization proess flow for mushrooms ultivation in a ulture room in terms of ahieving a useful prodution areas greatest possible through the full exploitation of its volume. 2. Setting the ulture nutritive substrate (ompost inubated in stage III) in different types of reipients - PE bags (a 1 ) and retangular reipients (a 2 ), determined different produtions, the differene being not signifiant under the impat of over substrate mixture reipe: 37.2 % for a 1 b 1 and 35.4 % for a 1 b 2, meaning 1.8 %, and 38.1 % for a 2 b 1 and 36.3% for a 2 b 2, the differene being by hane the same; 3. The average prodution obtained in fator A is 36.3% in a 1 PE bags and 37.2% in a 2 retangular reipients, the produtions not being statistially assured beause there is no signifiane of the prodution differene. 4. Total prodution obtained in a ulture room of 240 m 2 in a ulture yle of 46 days, in ase of using retangular reipients (a 2 ) is 8.250 t, with 0.4 % lower (99.8 %) than the one obtained from mushrooms ultivated in PE bags (a 1 ), whih is of 8.277 t (100.2 % than a 3 Mx 8.263 t - 100.0%). 5. Produtions obtained under the impat of fator A(a 1 PE bags and a 2 retangular reipients) were not statistially assured, prodution differenes being not signifiant, so that both types of reipients an be used in ulture, having their advantages and disadvantages, speifying the hoie of either being neither part of the analysis. 6. We an notie the prodution in b 1 (additive peat), effiieny of de 37.7 %, ompared with b 2 (farm soil 50% + blak peat 50%), 35.9% effiieny, the prodution being statistially assured with a distint negative signifiane for b 2 -b 1. In onlusion, we reommend additive peat to be used as over substrate for Champignon mushrooms; 7. Pests ontrol produts for ontrolling nematodes and insets in the ulture room are differentiated by their impat upon the produtions obtained in all fators interation ombinations in omparison with 1 ontrol (no treatment). 8. There stand out the produtions obtained in 4 (Nemasys M + Dimilin) of 40.1kg/100 kg n.s., followed by treatment with Nemasys M ( 2 ) with 38.6 kg/100 kg n.s., Dimilin ( 4 ) with 36.5kg/100 kg n.s. being on the penultimate plae, so that it is not reommended to be used alone for treatments, the prodution being under the one where the produt was ombined with Nemasys M. Bibliography 1. Tudor Ioana 2002 Cultura şi proteţia iuperilor omestibile. Ed. Ştiinţelor Agriole. Buureşti 2. Mateesu N. şi ol.. 1997 Cultivarea iuperilor Agarius. Ed. Rentrop & Straton. România. 3. Beheresu Alexandra. Horgoş A.. Popa D.. Ţâru O - Study upon the impat of overing layer s omposition and height upon the produtive potential of some Agarius bisporus mushrooms. Analele Universităţii din Craiova. vol. XV (XLXI). Editura Universitaria. 2010. 4. Horgoş A.. Beheresu Alexandra. Popa D.. Ţâru O. - Phases of the tehnologial modernoyed ulture flux. fators with high impat upon Agarius bisporus prodution. ultivated in bizonal industrial prodution system. Journal of Hortiulture. Forestry and Biotehnology. Vol. XIV. 2010. 191