Chapter Two: Bureaucracy (The actual bureaucracy)

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Transcription:

Chapter Two: Bureaucracy (The actual bureaucracy)

What is Bureaucracy? Is Bureaucracy viewed negatively?? Especially in developing countries??

What is Bureaucracy? It is easily to describe bureaucracy as a large organization with complex tasks, and public administration is responsible for leading and organizing it. Formal definition of Bureaucracy: the collective organizational structure, procedures, and set of regulations in place to manage activity that is typically found in large organizations

What is Bureaucracy? Bureaucracy is the organizational expression of modern legal-rational authority. German Socialist Max Weber (1864-1920) made a theory of Ideal Bureaucracy that bureaucratic organizations or Bureaucrats have occurred due to Weber s theory (Note: we will describe more on this theory in Chapter 3) This chapter will describe the actual bureaucracy.

Examples Examples of Bureaucracy or bureaucratic organizations practices. An application that takes millions of complex procedures and is followed by strong rules. A very big organizational structure and activities. A very formal communication between employees. Formal connection between employee and beneficiaries/customers. Power & formal positions & authority in officials.

Summary of Bureaucracy concept Such a structure, such an organization has an authority, which is exercised by Bureaucrats. The Bureaucrats exercise their authority only because they hold public office. They exercise authority with well defined rules & regulations. Thus Bureaucracy is essentially an organization, with definite rules, regulations, powers & functions.

Components/elements of bureaucracy 1- Division of work. 2- Hierarchy. 3- Office property, and office is not treated as personal property. 4- Written procedures, documents, and filekeeping. 5- Rules and regulations.

1) Division of work Tasks and functions are divided into different categories. Every category has official duties with some authority given to employees to perform those duties. Every employee knows the limit of his/her job and is based on his/her specialization.

1) Division of Work

2) Hierarchy Offices are vertically arranged with a chain of command in order to coordinate and incorporate the tasks and functions of different categories. An organization is based upon hierarchy of authority. Authority flows from up to down.

2) Hierarchy

3) Office Property A clear line drawn between organizational resources and those that belong to employees privately. Employees are prohibited as a result from treating offices as their private property; that is, they are not allowed to sell or inherit offices.

4) Written procedures, documents, and file-keeping. Administration is based on written procedures, documents, and file-keeping. This is to ensure that employees follow proper procedures, and make a paper trail, which promotes accountability.

5) Rules and Regulations Rules and regulations are designed to govern operations. Example: a Bureaucrat, has to function within this framework of rules & regulations. It enhances the achievement of certain activities and ensures impersonality between employees and customers/beneficiaries.

Other considerations Bureaucracy is characterized with centralization. it means that the power resides at the top of the bureaucratic organization. Impersonal relations. Every employee should function with impersonal approach, while performing duties and obeying authority.

Other Considerations The job and duties will be assigned based on employee s specialization & expertise. Obeying, obeying, obeying the authority!

Bureaucratic Organization

Advantages of Bureaucracy 1) Clear division of work with boundaries to responsibilities. 1) Formal (written) rules and procedures resulting in accountability. 1) A well-defined hierarchy of authority.

Advantages of Bureaucracy 4) Appointments are based on technical competence and experience. 5) Formal (written) documentation of actions and decisions. 6) Long term career advancement. example: job security, pension packages and Training & development.

Advantages of Bureaucracy 7) In a bureaucracy, each employee of the organization knows what their duties are within the organization, and therefore many tasks will be performed quicker and efficiently.

Problems of Bureaucracy Bureaucrats are usually overpaid. which is a fact that creates a large burden on public budgets, especially under the pressures of the current economic uncertainty. they do not have to be consumer friendly. This can be noticed with many bureaucrats who do not have good manners to customers/clients. (Not Always!). May be the result of high job security in bureaucratic organizations.

Problems of Bureaucracy bureaucracies are not as efficient as the private sector organizations. They are slow in terms of service provision. Decision-making is slow or even impossible when facing some unusual events.

Problems of Bureaucracy Long, Long, Long and complex procedures!! Delaying change, and adoption of old procedures to deal with new circumstances. For example: Paper work application steps rather than e-application procedures.

Problems of Bureaucracy In employee relationship and dealing. Rules of bureaucracy can dehumanize workers. Turning them into robots. Focusing on only money as a motivation and ignoring other psychological motivation. It likes routine and hard to be changed.

Conclusion Do Public organizations work as beaructratic organizations? Does the society, specially Saudi society, hate the work of bureaucracy? Is bureaucracy only applied to public sector? Not private or business sector?

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