Fully Extractive Vs. Dilution Extractive CEMS Cemtek Environmental Emissions Seminar & Training Session Santa Ana, CA a technical solution to meet every need CEMTEK Environmental Inc. 3041 S. Orange Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92707 800-400-0200 www.cemteks.com
Continuous Emission Monitoring CEMS are required for a variety of different applications and can be found at facilities such as: Turbines-Gas & Oil Fired, Boilers-Gas, Oil & Coal Fired, IC Engines-Landfill Gas, Wastewater Treatment-Sewage Sludge Incinerators & IC Engines, Refinery, Waste to Energy, Cogeneration & Process Applications
CEMS & Process Monitors Ambient, Dilution, Full-Extractive Dry, Hot-Wet Extractive Chemiluminescence, Fluorescence, NDIR, GFC, Zirconia, Paramagnetic, Tunable Diode Laser, Heated FID (Flame Ionization Detection) and FTIR Low NOx/NO/NO 2 /NH3/SO 2 /SO 3 /CO/CO 2 /O 2 /VOCs, Mercury, Opacity, Flow, Ozone, Calibrators and PM
CEMS TYPES FULLY EXTRACTIVE (DRY BASIS) DILUTION EXTRACTIVE (WET BASIS) OTHERS: FULLY EXTRACTIVE (HOT/WET) IN-SITU (CROSS STACK or PROBE) EX-SITU (CLOSE COUPLED EXTRACTIVE)
FULLY EXTRACTIVE - Dry Basis Sample Gas Dried To A Dew-point Of +2 C Excellent Performance In Low Concentrations Good Performance In High Concentrations Requires Preventative Maintenance MEASUREMENT TYPES: Chemiluminescence, NDIR, UV Absorption, UV Fluorescence, Paramagnetic, Zirconia, FTIR, DOAS, IR-GFC Heated Probe Filter And Heated Sample Line Moisture Volume Needs to be Determined Constant or Measured
Sample Line Probe NOx Pump Cal Gas Inst. Air Cooler CO O2 Extractive Flow Schematic
SAMPLE CONDITIONING BAY
SAMPLE COOLER SAMPLE PUMP PERISTALTIC PUMP
Fully Extractive Heated Probe
SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL SAMPLE FLOW CONTROL PANEL
SAMPLE PROBE WITH HEATED FILTER
DILUTION EXTRACTIVE - Wet Basis DILUTES SAMPLE WITH CLEAN DRY AIR MINIMIZES MAINTENANCE USES HIGHLY SENSITIVE GAS ANALYZERS LOWER COST SAMPLE LINE FREEZE PROTECTED SIMPLE TO OPERATE MEASUREMENT TYPES: Chemiluminescence (NOx), UV Fluorescence (SO2), GFC-IR (CO), NDIR (CO2 diluent)
Dilution Extractive Flow Schematic
Blow Back Cal Bypass Dilution (purge) Gas Air Air Stack Vacuum Pressure Comp Diluted Sample Out DILUTION PROBE SCHEMATIC (Out-Of-Stack)
Side View Pressure Comp Cal Gas Vacuum Dilution Air Diluted Sample Out DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)
Bypass Air Top View Heated Filter DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)
Heated Block Bypass Air Blow Back Air DILUTION PROBE ARRANGEMENT (Out-Of-Stack)
DILUTION CONTROL PANEL GAS ANALYZERS
TRACE GAS SCRUBBERS ACCUMULATOR TANK HEATLESS AIR DRYER
CEMS SELECTION AND DESIGN Application Choices Dilution or Extractive Pollutant Concentrations Lowest constituent dictates May preclude dilution due to analyzer limitations Mass Emissions Requirement Dilution is a wet basis measurement Requires flow measurement
APPLICATION CHOICES Dilution or Fully Extractive Advantages Disadvantages Dilution Low maintenance Low concentrations Extractive More reliable (Ratios above 100:1) Coal fired Some oil fired Fully Low concentrations Higher maintenance Extractive Gas fired Lower availability Some oil fired Fuel flow meter
Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems Engineering & Design Gas Turbines a technical solution to meet every need CEMTEK Environmental Inc. 3041 S. Orange Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92707 800-400-0200 www.cemteks.com
Gas Turbine Process Diagram Turbine Exhaust CEMS NO X CO O 2 NH 3 * SCR Inlet CEMS NO X Raw Material Dryer THC Regulatory Compliance CEMS Process CEMS
Natural Gas Fired Turbine Gas Turbine Air Quality Control Systems CO Catalyst SCR NO X Control
Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniques Differential NO X /NH 3 Converter Method Turbine Exhaust NO X + Converted NH 3 Turbine Exhaust NO X On Stack Converter 4 NH 3 + 5 O 2 = 4 NO + 6 H 2 O *High temperature catalyst NH 3 slip (ppm) = NO X (ppm) (total converted) NO X (ppm) (unconverted)
Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniques Inlet/Outlet Differential NO X Method Turbine Exhaust NO X SCR Inlet NO X NH 3 slip = NH 3 fed (NO X in NO X out)
Direct NH 3 Measurement Method Conventional CEMS Ammonia Slip Measurement Techniques Turbine Exhaust NH 3
Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems Engineering & Design Coal Fired Utility Boilers a technical solution to meet every need CEMTEK Environmental Inc. 3041 S. Orange Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92707 800-400-0200 www.cemteks.com
Coal Fired Utility Boiler Process Diagram SCR/SNCR NO X NH 3 Slip Stack Exhaust CEMS NO X Regulatory Compliance CEMS FGD Inlet SO X Compliance/Process CEMS SO 2 CO PM Hg HCl Flow Process CEMS
Coal Fired Utility Boiler Air Quality Control Systems SCR/SNCR NO X Control Activated Carbon Injection Mercury Control Particulate/ Opacity Control WFGD/DFGD SO X Control
Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations Coal Fired Boiler FGD Scrubber General CEMS Design Probe Design and Accessories Corrosion resistant materials for probe tube construction to prevent attack from acid gases (Hastelloy, Inconel, etc.) Heated probe tube in wet stack (saturated) conditions to help prevent corrosion Impingement shield on probe inlet to prevent clogging from wet particulate Demisters to knock down entrained water in sample prior to entering dilution orifice Probe accessibility for maintenance and service Stack clearances for probe installation and removal Temperature effects on the density of the flue gas minimized by the use of a heated orifice
Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations Coal Fired Boiler FGD Scrubber General CEMS Design Sample Umbilical l Design Sample line routing and access. Keep in mind access for stack testers and maintenance personnel. Test Port ot Heated umbilical for low dilution ratios (higher moisture concentrations) Heated umbilical for low CO measurement applications in conjunction with stainless steel tubing
Wet & Dry FGD CEMS Application CEMS Design Considerations Coal Fired Boiler FGD Scrubber General CEMS Design Dilution Air Cleanup Design Plant air cleanup panel to condition air to instrument grade may be required Redundant dilution air cleanup for added system availability CO and trace gas scrubbers for removal of measured gases CO 2 Adsorbers & Trace Gas Scrubbers CO Scrubbers