15 th International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Associations World Clean Air Congress Emission Control for Power Sector in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region, China (#46) Freeman Cheung and Ping Kong AECOM, Hong Kong Sept. 14, 2010
Outlines of Presentation Introduction PRD and Power Sector GDP and air quality Air pollution and power sector Air pollution control in power sector Regulatory framework and technical guideline Control technology implementation Conclusion Q&A Page 2
PRD and Power Sector Water Energy 15.8% Nuclear Energy 6.4% Wind Energy 0.3% PRD (excluding HK) Population (2007): 47.3M Area: 41,700km 2 Total installed capacity in Guangdong province (2007) 59,320 MW Thermal Power Plant 77.5% HK Population (2009) : 7.0 M Area: 1,103 km 2 HK (2009) 12,624 MW Page 3
The Pearl River Delta Page 4
GDP and air quality 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 GDP in PRD 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 GDP (100 billion RMB), current prices Haze Days in Guangzhou 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Haze Days in Guangzhou 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year Haze Days in Guangzhou GDP per capita in the PRD region (excluding Hong Kong) was around US$6,000 in 2006 while Hong Kong is about US$30,000 in 2009. Page 5
Power Sector Emissions in PRD Region Air Pollutants Power Sector s Contributions SO 2 51% NO x 41% PM10 21% Source: Zheng, J., et al., 2009. A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the PRD region, China and its uncertainty assessment, Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009), 5112-5122. Page 6
Regulatory Framework for Air Pollution Control National Strategy: Energy-saving & Emission reduction (15% from 2006-2010) Regional Policy: Following the Study of Air Quality in the Pearl River Delta Region the HK and Guangdong governments agreed in 2002 to reduce NOx, SO 2 and RSP by 20%, 40% and 55% for the whole PRD region Phasing-out small scale unit (125MW) and replacing with advanced larger scale units to meet the energy demands Prohibit new coal-fired power plant in PRD Hong Kong Air Pollution Control Ordinance (APCO) Specified Processes Regulations Best Practical Means (BPMs) for Electricity Generation Fuel Restriction Regulations Page 7
Air Pollution Control for Power Sector Technical Guidelines in China For SO2 Flue gas circulation fluidized bed desulfurization project technical specification of thermal power plant HJ/T 178-2005 Flue gas limestone/lime gypsum desulfurization project technical specification of thermal power plant HJ/T 179-2005 For NOx Engineering technical specification of flue gas selective catalytic reduction denitrification for thermal power plant (HJ 562-2010) Engineering technical specification of flue gas selective non-catalytic reduction de-nitrification for thermal power plant (HJ 563-2010) Control for Power Plants in Hong Kong A Guidance Note on the Best Practicable Means for Electricity Works (BPM 7/1), 1992 FGD for coal-fired plant and control of the sulphur content in fuel to less than 1% in coal and 0.5% for liquid fuel Technical Memorandum for Allocation of Emission Allowances in respect of Specified Licenses Stipulate total quantity of emission allowances allocated for each electricity operating licenses from 2010 Page 8
Control Technology Implementation (1) Coal-fired Power Plants Fuel Gas Desulphurization (FGD) Wet lime stone/lime gypsum method (90-95%) Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler (90%) CFB + Limestone injection (96%) Seawater Desulfurization (90% ) Calcium Dual-Alkali FGD +Limestone injection (95%) Limestone injection (65%) CFB Boiler FGD system Spray Tower Page 9
Control Technology Implementation (2) Coal-fired power plants De-NOx Mostly used: Low NOx Burner (LNB) Other used: Separated Overfire Air (SOFA) Flue gas recirculation Gas Re-burn SOFA Seldom used: SCR (~80%) Ammonia is used LNB+SNCR (40%+40%) Urea is used NH3 Storage SCR system Page 10
Control Technology Implementation (3) Coal-fired power plants De-dust Mostly used: ESP 99.0~99.9% Other used: FF 99.5~99.8% ESP System Page 11
Control Technology Implementation (4) Heavy oil-fired or gas-fired power plants No FGD or dust control, mostly use LNB to control NOx emission Water-coal-mixed-fired power plant Only one in PRD LNB is used to control NOx and ESP to control dust emission Wet FGD is being installed Wastes incineration power plant Due to low calorific value of the municipal waste, coal is mixed with the waste for combustion Calcium injection + Wet FGD is employed to reduce SO2 emission FF is used to control dust Page 12
Advanced Pollution Control Technologies for Coal-fired Plant Typical SCR retrofit Typical FGD retrofit Page 13
Conclusion and Way forward Increase the use of cleaner fuel (natural gas and perhaps nuclear) Adopt advanced pollution control technologies for new power plants Encourage the use of renewable energy (Zero Emission Technology) in the PRD region Develop control strategy to reduce ultra-fine PM emission to reduce haze formation Establish achievable emission reduction target and allocation of emission allowances Page 14
Thank You! Questions??? AECOM, 11/F Grand Central Plaza, Tower 2, 138 Shatin Rural Committee Road, Shatin, Hong Kong Tel: +852 3105 8268 E-mail: freeman.cheung@aecom.com