Beiträge der Abfallverbrennung zu Urban Mining F. Winter 1, J. Weber 1, D. Blasenbauer 2, F. Huber 2, J. Fellner 2 1) Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Austria 2) Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Waste generation Source: OECD Data 2015 2
Viennese Perspective Vienna capital of Austria 1.7 million inhabitants 9 million t of waste annually (2009) 0,36 1,89 Sewage sludge with ca. 96% water Non-hazardous waste 6,75 Hazardous waste In million t, data based on Viennese Waste Mangement Report 2012 3
[kt] Viennese Perspective Vienna non-hazardous waste 10000 4100 1000 587 174 100 49 26 10 1 Soil & Construction Municipal solid waste Paper Bulky waste Used glass In kilo t, data based on Viennese Waste Mangement Report 2012 4
Waste to Energy and more Fly ash Filter cake Municipial solid waste Incineration Fe and Non-Fe separation Slag / Bottom ash Fe and Non-Fe separation 5
Europe 180 Number of reference lines 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 grate rotary kiln fluidised bed furnace pyrolysis gasification Source: Review of the BREF for Waste Incineration 2016, Gleis M., Waste Management Vol. 6 6
Austria Number of reference lines 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 grate rotary kiln fluidised bed Source: H. Stoiber, Umweltbundesamt, DepoTech 2016 7
Vienna s Waste Incineration Cluster ~10 6 t of waste are incinerated in Vienna each year 4 incineration sites with 13 lines 8
MVA Spittelau overview Incineration lines: 2 Kapazität: 250.000 t/a Power: thermal: 58 MW Grate furnace electric: 15 MW Flue gas cleaning: baghouse filter with activated coke injection, scrubber 1, scrubber 2, SCR-plant 9
RHKW Linz Incineration lines: 1 Capacity: 200.000 t/a waste 50.000 t/a sewage sludge Power: thermal: ca. 45 MW electric: ca. 15 MW Fluidized Bed Combustion Flue gas cleaning: cyclone, baghouse filter with activated coke injection, scrubber 1, scrubber 2, SCR-plant Special: combined combustion of MSW and sewage sludge, The MSW is treated and homogenized in a waste treatment plant 10
Waste allocation in Vienna 9% 23% GF1 16% GF2 11% 20% GF3 FB2 FB1 RK 21% Approx. 1,025.000. t of waste/a 11
Fly ash allocation in Vienna 5% 18% GF1 38% 7% 8% GF2 GF3 FB2 FB1 24% RK approx. 45.000 t of fly ash/a 12
Slag / bottom ash allocation in Vienna 0% 6% 9% 28% GF1 GF2 GF3 FB2 30% FB1 RK 27% approx. 160.000 t of slag and bottom ash/a 13
Waste incineration residues in Vienna 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% GF1 GF2 GF3 FB2 FB1 RK Fly Ash Slag Bottom ash Filter Cake Without separated metals approx. 160.000 t of slag and bottom ash/a approx. 45.000 t of fly ash/a approx. 1.500 t of filter cake/a 14
Waste to Energy and more: Example Spittelau for 2011 Input (MSW): 199.500 t Fly ash 3.000 t Filter cake 230 t Incineration Fe and Non-Fe separation Slag / Bottom ash 41.500 t Source: Umwelterklärung 2014, Wien Energie Fe and Non-Fe separation 3.500 t 15
Mass reduction in Spittelau (Grate Furnace) 1.5 kg filter cake ~ 0.15 % Landfill for hazardous Waste 1000kg waste Incineration 20kg fly ash ~ 2% 200kg slag/bottom ash ~ 20% 17,5kg scrap ~ 1.75% Treatment then Landfill for nonhazardous waste 16
Waste to Energy and more: Example RHKW Linz for 2014 Input (MSW and sludge) ca. 227.000 t Fly ash 20.000 t Filter cake 223 t Incineration Fe and Non-Fe separation Bottom ash 33.600 t Source: Umwelterklärung 2014, Linz AG Strom Fe and Non-Fe separation 305 t 17
Mass reduction in RHKW Linz (fluidized bed) 0,98 kg filter cake ~ 0,1 % Landfill for hazardous Waste 1000kg waste Incineration 88kg fly ash ~ 9% 148kg slag/bottom ash ~ 15% 1,3kg scrap ~ 0,1% Treatment then Landfill for nonhazardous waste 18
Conclusions significant reduction in the mass of the waste (up to about one fifth) significant reduction of the volume of the waste (up to about one tenth) destruction of organic content controlled concentration of pollutants in fly ash and filter cake (e.g. Cd, Zn) separation of metals from residues (Urban Mining) electricity and district heating generation 19
Acknowledgements The presented work is part of a large-scale research initiative on anthropogenic resources (Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources). The financial support of this research initiative by the Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth and the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development is gratefully acknowledged. Industry partners co-financing the research center on anthropogenic resources are Altstoff Recycling Austria AG (ARA), Borealis group, voestalpine AG, Wien Energie GmbH, Wiener Kommunal-Umweltschutzprojektgesellschaft GmbH, and Wiener Linien GmbH & Co KG. The authors want to express their particular gratitude to the municipal department 48 of the City of Vienna for not only co-financing this project via its subsidiary WKU, but also for its essential contribution to the experiments in the form of facilities and staff. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Fluidized Bed Conversion (FBC) Implementing Agreement is kindly thanked for fruitful discussions and the BMVIT for the financial support (FFG Project No. 843139). 20
Thank you for your attention! 21