Question 1. Shyam, A manager in ABC Ltd. Feels employees must have experience of working at every job position so he keeps shifting his employees from one job to another without giving them to settle down. What value motivated the manager and what value is missing in this condition? Answer 1. The value which motivated him was giving experience to all the employees for different job positions but the value which lack here are the following. 1. Wastage of Resources of the organization as by the time employee learned the job and start contributing they were shifted from that place. 2. He did not give them time to settle down and contribute for the organization. Principle of Stability of Tenure:- It refers to no frequent termination and transfer. According to this principle the management must provide the feeling of job security among the employees because without security of job the employees cannot contribute their maximum. Frequent turnover and frequent transfers or rotation should be avoided because by the time an employee get settled on a job if he receive transfer order than he will not be able to contribute his best for the organization and there will be wastage of resources. Positive Effect 1. Improves efficiency level of employee 2. No wastage of time and resources Violation of Principle 1. Wastage of resources in learning the new job 2. Frustration and dissatisfaction among employees Question 2. Mr. Raghav the manager of XYZ Ltd. Asked his employees to do over time and cancelled all the leaves of the employees for next two weeks to cover up the extra order due to festival season, whereas he took two days off for relaxation. Do you justify the action of Mr. Raghav? Answer 2.
Mr. Raghav s decision to ask employees to do overtime is correct as he wanted to supply the order on time, but the value which is lacking here is the Co-operation not Individualism. Manager must work hand in hand with workers. If he expects his workers to cancel their leaves he should also work with them. Principle of Co-operation not Individualism According to this principle work must be carried on in co-operation with each other with mutual confidence and understanding for each other. The management must take workers in confidence before setting up the standard task for them. Management should welcome good suggestions of employees and reward for their suggestions. At the same time workers should not go on strike and make unreasonable demands. For Example: While assigning job to worker if management ask them about their interest and then work is assigned according to their interest, definitely the workers will perform it more efficiently. Question 3. In an organization a manager is very efficient and expects employees to concentrate only on work. He does not permit employees to talk and share anything other than official matter. In the beginning, this resulted is achievement of target before time but slowly the labour turnover started increasing and employees started losing interest in the job what value is missing here? Answer 3. The manager is focusing only on formal organization, he is missing the informal organization. Instead of discouraging informal organization, he must take strategic use of informal organization. Advantages of Informal Organization 1. Fast Communication : As there is no requirement of following the scalar chain, so in this structure the spread of communication is more faster. 2. Fulfill social needs : Informal communications gives importance to psychological and social needs of employees by which employees get motivated. 3. Correct feedback : Through informal structure the top level managers can know the real feedback of employees on various policies and plans. Question 4.
The teams of ten workers were given the target production of 100 units in one month. Ten workers decided to produce 10 units. Each one of the worker fell sick so only 90 units could be produced. What value is missing in the workers? Answer 4. The workers are focusing only on their individual target of 10 units they have forgotten the team spirit. They are missing the value of Esprit de Corps. Esprit DE Corps It means unity/union is strength. Fayol suggested that every employee in the organization must consider in as a part or member of a team and try to achieve the team goal. Management must develop a feeling of belongingness among the employees as they must feel themselves as a member of organization's team contribute maximum to achieve team goal. For Example : If the production manager assigned a target of manufacturing 100 units to a group of 10 members by dividing the target among themselves to produce 10 units each. If two workers of that group fall sick, then the other 8 members must divide their individual target among themselves and try to achieve the target of 100 units their group. Positive Effect 1. Develop team work 2. Achievement of group goal Violation of Principle 1. Team goal may not be achieve 2. No team spirit and more stress on individualism Question 5. Sales department head assigned the target sale of Rs.10,000 units to the Sales Manager. He delegated this task to 10 salesmen under him. Salesmen could not achieve the target so Sales Department. Head asked for written explanation from the Sales Manager. He escaped from his accountability claiming he delegated the work to salesmen so now they are responsible and accountable for its completion. Do you justify the action of sales manager? What value is missing here? Answer 5.
Sales Manager cannot get rid of his accountability by passing the work to his subordinate as delegation is not a process of abdication. The Sales Manager is ignoring the principle of absolute accountability i.e., accountability cannot be delegated. Delegation of Authority It is a process of entrusting (transfer) responsibilities and authority to the subordinates and creating accountability on those employees who are entrusted (transferred) responsibility and authority. In large organizations managers are assigned a lot of work which cannot be performed by them alone. So they allocate their work to the subordinates along with some authorities i.e. power to make decision and also they are accountable for the work given to them. But it doesn't mean that the accountability of the managers is also transferred. If the transferred work is not been completed than he will be the main person for accountability. Importance of Delegation 1. Effective Management : In the delegation process manager can pass routine work to the subordinates and concentrate on other important matters. So managers can get the work done effectively and efficiently from the subordinates. Employees Development : Delegation helps in making better future and by giving responsibilities to employees according to their skills and qualification, employees gain experience of work to higher job position. 3. Motivation of Employees : Delegation motivates the employees as they develop the feeling of belongingness and trust which is shown to them by their superiors. Some employees can be motivated by such kind of non-financial incentives. Question 6. Mr. Rakesh joined an MNC after completing his MBA. To prove his efficiency he increased the target production from 10,000 units per month to 15,000 units. For this he increased the no. of working hours of workers and also shortened their break intervals. Do you agree with Rakesh s decision as it is increasing the production of the company? What value do you think Mr. Rakesh is lacking. Answer 6. We do not agree with the decision of Mr. Rakesh. He is improving the efficiency of organization but at the cost of ignoring personal or human objectives. To increase production he must hire more employees. A good Manager is the one who brings prosperity for the company as well as prosperity for workers also. Human Objectives
Human objectives are related to the employees of the organization. Employees are most important resources of every company and they contribute maximum for the organization. The main individual objectives are as follows: 1. Competitive salary. 2. Personal Growth and development through promotion and training. 3. Good and health working condition. 4. Social recognition. Management must try to integrate the personal objectives with the organizational objectives. Question 7. Due to recession XYZ Ltd. made a policy of cost cutting to reduce the expenditure of the company. Mr. Pratik planned to appoint some unskilled labourer below the age of 14 as they charge very low wage. Do you agree with the decision of Mr. Pratik, What value is missing in his decision? Explain. Answer 7. No we do not agree with Mr. Pratik s decision. Mr. Pratik is lacking social objectives by encouraging child labour. Social Objectives Business organizations are the part of society. They earn by using the resources of society so they must do something for the society. Following are the major social objectives: 1. Supply of quality products at reasonable price. 2. Generation of employment opportunities. 3. Financial support to community. 4. Organizing educational, health and vocational training programs. 5. Using environmental friendly methods of production. Question 8. Director of ABC Ltd feels that he is the only one responsible for the successful management of his organization. As others are working as per the policies made by top level only. Do you agree with his decision? What value is he lacking? Explain. Answer 8.
We do not agree with the decision of the director. He is missing the value that management is a Group Activity and all the managers working at different level are part of management. Management always denotes We and not I. Management is a group activity Each individual performs his/her role at his/her status and department, and then only management function can be done. The management theory says that all the functions and activities of organization must be directed towards the achievement of one goal i.e., organizational goal and all the employees in the organization must try to achieve organizational goal and organization must consider all the employees as a part of organization. Question 9. Manager of ABC Ltd believes that men are more hardworking and can contribute for the organization as compared to women so gave Rs. 10,000 p.m. salary to Pandu, whereas just Rs. 8,000 p.m. to Shanta, both, were working as data entry operator, having same qualifications and same years of experience. Do you justify the decision of the manager? What value is lacking in the above condition? Answer 9. We do not justify the action of manager. The value which is lacking in this question is equity; the manager has violated the Principle of equity. According to Principle of Equity. Principle of Equity Employees will put their maximum efforts only when they are treated with kindness and justice if a manager is biased in dealing with employees than employees will get dissatisfied and will not contribute to their maximum capacity. Equity means application of same disciplinary rules, leave rules at the same way. For Example: The rules for granting medical leave to an employer should be same irrespective of their position grade or gender. Positive Effect 1. Employees get satisfied 2. Motivate the employees and boost up the morale of employees Violation of Principle 1. Dissatisfaction in employees 2. Increase in turnover(left out) of employees
3. Unhealthy relation between superior and subordinate Question 10. Mr. Pando always insists on optimum utilization of resources and reduction in lost. As a result some time the target is delayed due to careful handling of resources. Do you think Mr. Pando is right? Answer 10. Mr. Pando is only looking at one aspect of management Mr. is ignoring effectiveness. A Good Manager must be efficient as well as effective. Relation between Effectiveness and Efficiency "Effectiveness" refers to completion of work or achievement of target on time, whereas "efficiency" is related to optimum utilization of resources or no wastage of resources.