ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES Stefano Paolo Corgnati Department of Energy Politecnico di Torino E-mail: stefano.corgnati@polito.it I N T E R A C T I O N S B E T W E E N U S E R S A N D B U I L D I N G S F O R C O M F O RT A N D E N E R G Y S AV I N G S
GOALS Mitigation of the environmental impact of building operations Building energy management systems Behaviour-based campaigns
Buildings don t use energy people do
BUILDING PERFOMANCES ENERGY USE Equipments Operation and maintenance Envelope IEQ Climate OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR DEFINITION OF REAL BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION Buildings & Users
CHANGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT Leaving place Room THERMOREGULATION Sweating Shivering BODY ADAPTATION Posture Clothing level ADJUSTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT Cooling system Windows Comfort theories Adaptive opportunities If a change occurs such as to produce discomfort, people react in ways to restore their comfort Nicol and Humphreys, 2002
Comfort perception Combining energy, productivity and comfort Smart buildings behaviour should match with occupants satisfaction in control feeling High comfort indexes (hygro thermal, visual, IAQ..) Environmental factors Physiological factors Feeling of control in living spaces
Comfort perception Combining energy, productivity and comfort
Making energy visible Persuasive technology Engaging occupants through metering and sensors Collecting information Gathering energy consumption data Comparison with similar users Continuous automated evaluation KPI INDUCE CHANGES IN HUMAN BEHAVIOUR BY TECHNOLOGY
Just an example Bologna, Italy Climatic Zone D (HDD=2259) Office 1 Office 2 Office 3 Office 4 In order to reduce energy consumptions in buildings it is fundamental to analyse occupant behaviour and to engage energyfriendly behaviour Persuasive communication (e.g. via mobile applications) to the occupants allows to improve their awareness about energy-related topics and behaviours. to understand the influence of occupant behaviour on electricity uses to manage efficiently energy consumption in workplaces, especially in offices smart monitoring and persuasive communication systems conscious and rational use of energy and environmental resources
Set-up Variables & Sensors Energy Competition/Race Environmental variables (indoor) Air temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Artificial lighting (lux) CO 2 Concentration (ppm) Environmental variables (outdoor) Air temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Solar radiation (W/m2) CO 2 Concentration (ppm) Wind speed and direction (m/s) Feedback: Environmental comfort Energy consumptions by electric devices Feedback: Environmental comfort Thermal Comfort Visual Comfort Reference state (no feedback) Final Energy Use Electric Energy Artificial lighting Electric devices Fan coil units Thermal Energy Heating Algorithms Feedback about actions which should be performed by the occupants! Behavioural actions Presence of employees Opening/closing doors Opening/closing windows
App interface Artificial Lighting Sunscreens Mobile application Doors Windows Fan Coils Electric appliances Alarms: Immediate 15 min 30 min
App interface Artificial Lighting Turn down fancoils! Sunscreens Mobile Doors Fan Coils Did you know that in winter 18 C are sufficient in order to have adequate comfort conditions? Right now the temperature is higher, please turn down or off the velocity of the fancoils. Every C over 20 C increases the consumptions by 7%. OK! Windows Electric appliances application Since this application allows to monitor and control electric energy consumption of the office at any time during working period and to send alerts in real time, each employee are reached via mobile application for smartphone or PC
App interface Artificial Lighting Turn down electric appliances! Sunscreens Mobile Attention! You haven t turned off your computer yesterday. Please try to pay more attention from now on! application Doors Fan Coils OK! Windows Electric appliances Since this application allows to monitor and control electric energy consumption of the office at any time during working period and to send alerts in real time, each employee are reached via mobile application for smartphone or PC
Energy savings LEARNING MECHANISM HABIT TRAINING INTERNALIZATION OF BEHAVIOUR
HUMANS in the loop as CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary and complex topic to be dealt with by technical and social scientists together A comprehensive understanding of nature, logic and types of energy-related occupant behaviour Balancing between totally-automated and totallymanual building control to limit loosing control feeling Interactive and involving information approaches: SUSTAINABILITY SHOULD NOT BE A BORING TOPIC! ENHANCING comfort and energy savings SENSORS ACTUATORS DATA SUPPLIERS