Product Development for Organic Photovoltaics Jens Hauch jhauch@konarka.com
Who is Konarka? Renewable Energy Printable low-cost Solar Cell Organic Chemistry Printed Electronics Innovators at the Intersections 2
Renewable Energy Supply Wind 14 TW Tide/Ocean Currents 0.7 TW Geothermal 1.9 TW Solar 1 x 10 5 TW at Earth surface 10,000 TW (technical value) Biomass 5-7 TW It s about TWs Hydroelectric 1.2 TW technically feasible 0.6 TW installed capacity Energy gap ~ 14 TW by 2050 ~ 33 TW by 2100 Source: Arthur Nozik 3
Manufacturing Paradigm Developing Low Cost, Scalable PV Manufacturing Process Low Cost: low temperature, ambient conditions, no clean room, no silicon, lower energy footprint Scalable: coating or printing technology, utilization of existing capacity Continuous: roll-to-roll high-volume production Consequence: Thin, lightweight, flexible PV Product. 4
Company Overview Founded in 2001 as spin-out of UMass and University of CA Leading IP position with nearly 350 patents and global filings Strong 100+ person team with technical and industrial expertise $150+ private funding raised to-date, $20M government grants Global presence with staff in US, Germany, Austria, & China Headquarters: Lowell, MA Production New Bedford, MA Nurnberg, Germany Linz, Austria 5
Lab Capacity Upscaling Pilot Production 2006 5 cm 1kWatt 2007 25 cm 1MWatt 2008 150 cm 1GWatt 6
Production Plant 250 to 1500 mm width No facing roll 100 feet / minute: 1GW per year potential 7
Bulk Heterojunction (OPV) ~200-500nm Active layer Main components of the active layer: Semiconducting polymer and Fullerene 8
OPV Cell Schematic Bulk Heterojunction Polymer/Fullerene 3 Key Functions 1 2 Light Absorber Hole Carrier 3 Electron Carrier 9
Shifting Solar: Rooftop to Anywhere 10
Minimum requirements for any PV technology Technical Requirements Lifetime (3-5 years) Key Parameters are efficiency, lifetime and cost The application decides which is the most important parameter. Efficiency (>3%) Costs (<1 /Wp) A successful product must fulfill all 3 requirements: Efficiency, Lifetime and Cost
Efficiency State of the Art Device performance Certified by NREL requirements for new materials ~0.8cm 2 LUMO Level Donor [ ev ] -4.0-3.8-3.6-3.4-3.2-3.0 11.00 8.00 10.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 HOMO -5.8 ev 6.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 HOMO -4.8 ev 2.00 2.8 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 Band Gap [ ev ] Max. device efficiency 6.39% New materials drive efficiency 12
State of the art ALT Production Modules 1.2 1.0 Norm. Eff. [a.u.] 0.8 0.6 0.4 65 C/85%rh 0.2 0.0 Packaging Film WVTR ~ 0.0001 g/m 2 /day 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Time Hours Extrapolated LT > 8000hrs 13
1.2 State of the art ALT Production Modules 1.0 Norm. Eff. [a.u.] 0.8 0.6 0.4 65 C/1sun 0.2 0.0 Packaging Film OTR < 0.01 cc/m 2 /day 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Time [hours] Expected Lifetime > 3yrs Oxygen permeation does not appear to be limiting packaged device lifetime 14
Rooftop Testing Location Lowell, MA. Facing solar south at 42 1600 kwh / m2 Two measurement modes a) Outdoor jv in 4th quadrant with modulated load and wireless data read out b) Periodic characterization under standard solar simulator 15
110% Outdoor Testing 100% 90% Normalized Power @ 1 Sun 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Not temperature corrected! 200 Days 20% 10% 0% Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 Outdoor Degradation of Production Modules WVTR=.07g/m2/day - Estimated Lifetime > 3yrs 16
Outdoor Testing Still measuring device intalled two years ago with poor components 17
Power Plastic Standard Products 18
Power Plastic Standard Products Standard Product Technical Spec. Sheets Available ¼ watt ½ watt 1 watt 2 watt 5 watt 8 watt 12 watt 26 watt 19
End User Products Rollable power supply Shading elements Solar Bags: Standard 2W KT-3000 : 30 Watts Semi-Transparent Module 20
Acknowledgments A J Heeger and the Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, UCSB The Konarka Technologies R&D team 21
www.konarka.com 22