3M Purification Inc. 3M Purification Filter Systems for Automotive Assembly Plants

3M Purification Inc. 3M Purification Systems for Automotive Assembly Plants

The single largest warranty complaint of new automobile owners is poor paint quality * Quality The First Time The best paint job is the original paint job! The result is a deep finish providing greater distinction of image, luster, consistency of color, and maximum protection. Quality With Consistency Betapure AU series filter cartridges deliver consistent paint quality and maximum service life, time after time. Specialized Betapure AU series classifying cartridge filters remove unwanted fibers, gels, and oversize particles while the color pigments and metallic flakes pass through. Quality And Reduced Rework Assembly plants have reduced rework by up to 40%, replacing bags and vibrating screens with 3M Purification's absolute rated Betapure AU series filter cartridges, offering: Improved paint quality Significant annual savings Increased customer satisfaction A better quality finish increases customer satisfaction for new automobile owners. 2 *Analysis by an independent survey company

Automotive Assembly Quality And Total Systems 3M Purification offers easy to clean, easy to operate filter housings combined with the most effective filter media. 3M Purification offers the broadest range of systems including: CUNO CTG-Klean totally enclosed filter pack systems No housings to clean Totally disposable filter pack ASME Code rated housings to 300 psi Betapure AU series classification cartridge filters Page 4 Sources of Contaminants Fibers 5 Selection of the Proper System Classification versus Clarification 6 Construction Non-rigid versus Rigid s Depth versus Surface s 8 Applications Electrodeposition Permeate and Ultra Filtration Primers, Base Coats, and Clear Coats 16 Products Betapure AU Series Betapure NT-T Series Betapure BK Series CUNO CTG-Klean 3M CT Series Housings 3M ES Series Housings 22 Scientific Applications Support Services SASS 22 Environmental Concerns 23 3M Purification Support and Service ISO 9001 Certified Quality Systems Service Worldwide 3M Purification Commitment 3

Absorbance Sources of Contaminants Figure 1 SEM Photomicrograph of Cellulose Fibers Figure 2 Cratering and Fish eyes on a Painted Surface Contaminant Fiber Polypropylene Reference Cellulose Reference Wave Length Figure 3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fingerprint Identifies Contaminant Fiber as Cellulose Contaminants in coatings are introduced at various locations. Sources include poor air handling systems, weld splatter from body assembly, poor cleaning of the car body, employee clothing, cleaning rags, tramp oils, dirt from overhead conveyers, and particles in the paint. In addition, and to further complicate the process, contaminants themselves come in many forms such as fibers, solid particles and deformable gels. Fibers Contaminant fibers cause paint defects. 3M Purification s paint laboratory uses sophisticated Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify foreign fibers and thereby uncover their origins. When the source of a contaminant fiber is found, quick corrective action can be taken. Flat and ribbon shaped fibers are natural fibers. For example, cellulose is a common natural fiber whose form and fingerprint are revealed in the SEM micrograph (Figure 1) and in the spectrograph (Figure 3). Cellulose fibers come from rags, clothing, bags, paper, and boxes. Most smooth cylindrical fibers are man made or synthetic materials such as polyester, polypropylene, nylon, and polystyrene. Synthetic fibers come from clothing, filter bags, packaging materials, and plastic parts. Since natural and synthetic fibers both cause paint defects, the filters must always remove fibers and never contribute fibers to the paint. Betapure AU series rigid, homogeneous, and consistent depth filter cartridges meet these exacting requirements. Deformable Contaminants The most difficult contaminants to remove are deformable or soft agglomerates of oils, gels, or silicones. These contaminants displace paint on a surface causing cratering or fish eyes. Deformables are rarely captured by thin surface filters such as vibrating screens and nylon monofilament bags (NMOs). Betapure AU series rigid depth filter cartridges retain deformables by coalescence, surface tension, and adsorption in Betapure AU series many long and tortuous pores throughout the depth of the filter cartridge. Other Common Contaminants Other contaminants are large, rigid particles or small, agglomerated particles. These are the easiest contaminant types to remove. They will not deform under pressure. Employing absolute rated Betapure AU series filters with fixed pores smaller than the particles allows for easy removal of oversize contaminants. The Betapure AU series' rigid structure distributes the contaminant load through its depth for long filter life and maximum economy. 4

Automotive Assembly Selection of the Proper System Selection of the proper paint filter is important for the best possible paint quality. 3M Purification brings a wealth of experience to automotive paint filtration. Absolute rated filters ensure that all oversize and unwanted particles which would result in a paint defect are removed. Equally important, desired particles and pigments must pass through the filter. This process is commonly referred to as classification. Betapure AU series provides consistent, absolute classification filtration from batch to batch and throughout the filter life. The performance of a filter cartridge may vary during its service life as a result of changes in differential pressure. 3M Purification uses a multi-point characterization (MPC) shown in Figure 4, that, unlike singe point evaluations, measures the removal performance over the filter s service life. Turbidimetric efficiencies, removal efficiencies, and cartridge throughputs are measured as the differential pressure increases. This thorough approach reflects a true measure of what the filter will actually remove from the paint and what it will allow to pass, both when the filter cartridge is first installed and at the end of its service life. The coatings industry has adopted the assurance of absolute ratings. The standards 3M Purification places on absolute ratings are the highest in the industry. Classification versus Clarification Contaminant particles consist of oversize pigments, gels, fibers, oils, and agglomerates of small particles. Absolute ratings help define the efficiency and removal of particles larger than the rating but in no way inform the user of the ability to remove or let pass smaller, desired particles. Most automotive applications require smaller particles such as pigments, metal flakes, micas, or fillers to pass through the filter. A classifying filter removes all unwanted contaminants while allowing the pigments and flakes to pass through. A clarifying filter, such as a graded-porosity melt blown medium, removes a high percentage of the particles below its rating. Examples of these two types are shown in Figures 5 and 6. Betapure AU series is a true absolute classifying filter, ideal for automotive paints. If the filter is too efficient It will strip pigments and metallics This will result in shorter service life, more frequent change-outs, increased disposal, and more inventory in other words To prevent this problem The filter must not only provide ABSOLUTE FILTRATION 5 Drive up costs But have excellent CLASSIFICATION characteristics as well Betapure AU Series (Depth) Particle Removal Efficiency - % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 Sample Points Initial 1/2 psid 1 psid 10 psid 5 10 15 20 25 Particle Size - Micrometers Figure 4 3M Purification s multipoint characterization (MPC) measures reduction efficiency throughout the filter life, as shown for a 15 micron absolute Betapure AU Series cartridge. 20 Micrometer Classifier Particle Removal Efficiency - % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 Particle Size - Micrometers 20 25 Figure 5 Curve showing the reduction efficiency for a classifying filter. Only particles larger than the rating are reduced. 20 Micrometer Classifier Particle Removal Efficiency - % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Particle Size - Micrometers Figure 6 Curve showing the reduction efficiency for a clarifying filter. Pigments and particles smaller than the rating are reduced.

Construction The method in which a filter is constructed causes a dramatic difference in the overall performance of the filter. Two uniquely different constructions should be evaluated. Non-Rigid versus Rigid s Non-Rigid filters, such as bags and melt blown cartridges, compress and relax with pulsating pumps or pumps that are cycled on and off. These pulsations affect the pore size and alter removal efficiencies. The pores in filters that are non-rigid can compress with increased differential pressure and become more efficient during their life, stripping paint of the desired pigments. Most non-rigid filters also exhibit unloading of contaminants once a critical differential pressure is reached. This is a characteristic of wound and some melt blown cartridges. Rigid filters, such as Betapure AU series, maintain the desired filter pore size regardless of the differential pressure. Table 1 Betapure AU Series [Rigid] Does not unload or bypass with increased or varying differential pressure Does not compress and strip pigments Rigid depth filter reduces deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Bags [Non-rigid] Unloads and bypasses with increased or varying differential pressure Expands and releases contaminants Passes deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Vibrating Screens [Rigid] Does not unload or bypass with increased or varying differential pressure Screen blinding or formation of a surface film can strip pigments Passes deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Melt Blown [Non-rigid] Unloads and bypasses with increased or varying differential pressure Compresses and strips pigments compresses and can release deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Melt Blown [Non-rigid] 100 90 Betapure AU Series [Rigid] 100 90 Particle Removal Efficiency - % 80 70 60 50 40 30 Sample Points 20 Initial 1/2 psid 10 1psid 10 psid 0 0 5 10 15 Particle Size - Micrometers 20 25 Figure 7 A melt-blown filter compresses and unloads captured contaminants as differential pressure increases. Particle Removal Efficiency - % 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Sample Points Initial 1/2 psid 1psid 10 psid 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Particle Size - Micrometers Figure 8 Betapure AU Series rigid structure maintains consistent reduction efficiencies as differential pressure increases. 6

Automotive Assembly Depth versus Surface s Depth filters provide many opportunities for a contaminant to be reduced from paints and coatings. The long residence time in the tortuous paths of a depth filter increase the likelihood that deformable particles will be captured and retained by the filter. Surface filters, such as bags and vibrating screens, are much less likely to remove deformables. Surface filters also tend to cake quickly, causing the contaminant to form a tight barrier. This process shortens filter life and strips the paint of wanted pigments. Figure 9 below shows how a bag surface filter removes a high percentage of smaller particles at 10 psi differential pressure. An equivalent Betapure AU series cartridge shown in Figure 10 provides consistent particle reduction efficiency throughout the cartridge life. Table 2 Betapure AU Series [Depth] Free of media migration, will reduce fibers Rigid depth filter reduces deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Excellent depth classification reduces surface plugging and passes desired pigments Bags [Surface] Vibrating Screens [Surface] Melt Blown [Depth] Passes and may release fibers Passes fibers May release fibers Passes deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Poor classification, media blinds and strips pigments Passes deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Poor classification, screens blind and strip pigments compresses and can release deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Strips pigments as differential pressure increases and filter compresses Bags [Surface s] Betapure AU Series [Depth ] Particle Removal Efficiency - % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Sample Points Initial 1/2 psid 1psid 10 psid 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Particle Size - Micrometers Figure 9 As differential pressure increases, a bag filter s surface plugs and retains finer and finer pigments. Ultimately, the increased pressure causes contaminant unloading. Particle Removal Efficiency - % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Sample Points Initial 1/2 psid 1psid 10 psid 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Particle Size - Micrometers Figure 10 Betapure AU Series' depth structure eliminates retention of fine pigments caused by surface plugging. 7

Electrodeposition The System A water based paint is applied to the car body (inside and out) in order to provide a rust inhibitive protective layer. The quality of the Electrodeposition (ED) paint is the foundation of the entire painting process. Defects in the ED coating will be visible in subsequent layers; causes of defects should be eliminated at the source for better quality coatings and enhanced productivity. Electrodeposition System Permeate System Pump Pump Pump Pump Pump Water Pump Solids Ultra Filtration Delonized (DI) Water Figure 11 Table 3 Application Guide Paint Application 3M Purification Cartridge Recommended Flow Rate Per 10" Suggested Absolute Rating Recommended Housing Electrodeposition Betapure AU Series 5-7 GPM 30 to 70 µm 3M ES Series Housings The Problem Contaminants and defects on the ED paint are removed by sanding until the defect is eliminated. This sanding process not only reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of the protective coat, but it can also introduce another potential contaminant - debris from the sanding process. The objective should be to eliminate sanding by providing the best possible filtration for the ED system. Defects are the result of contaminants. They can be airborne, particles falling from an overhead conveyer, carry over from the body forming and welding processes, and particles in the paint. The majority of contaminants are carried into the ED tank by the automotive body and must be removed by filtration. The goal is to remove contaminants by utilizing the most effective filtration system. The ability of a filter to remove contaminants is dictated by filter construction. Nonrigid filters, such as bags, inexpensive string wounds and melt blowns have inherent weaknesses and do not provide reliability and consistency. 8

Automotive Assembly The Solution Betapure AU series provides the ultimate in paint quality and service life with absolute rated, rigid, classifying performance. Betapure AU series, a non-fiber releasing depth filter, has the structural integrity to provide the highest quality paint. Betapure AU series a rigid, absolute rated, classifying depth filter cartridge is the crown jewel of 3M Purification s paint filtration offerings. Figure 12 Betapure AU Series rigid depth classifying filter. Betapure AU Series Advantages Excellent classification Non-fiber releasing filter Rigid structure Absolute rated Depth filtration Maximum service life Removes oversize particles passes desired pigments Improves paint quality and reduces sanding Won't unload or bypass Reduces particles that would result in paint defects Reduces deformable gels that cause craters and fish eyes Reduces operating cost Table 4 System Design Solids content, paint viscosity, and temperature are important considerations in system design. 3M Purification recommends ED System sizing at 5 to 7 GPM per 10-inch filter for optimum performance and economics. 3M ES series 316L stainless steel filter housings are available in a wide range of sizes from 6 to 340 10-inch equivalent cartridges. Virtually any system flow rate and piping requirement can be satisfied using this versatile, cost effective design and the recommended 3M Purification filter cartridge. More 3M ES series filter housing information can be found starting on page 17. 3M ES Series Housing Advantages Constructed of 316L Betapure AU Series [Rigid Depth ] Standard drawings available within 24 hours Flexible locations of inlet/outlet Available in ASME Code Easy assembly/disassembly For corrosion resistance For system design Bags [Non-Rigid Surface ] Meets current plumbing requirements Meets application requirements For rapid filter change-outs String Wound/Melt Blown [Non-Rigid Depth ] Does not pass or shed fibers Passes and may release fibers May release fibers pores remain constant with changing differential pressure providing consistent paint quality pores expand with increases in differential pressure resulting in poor and inconsistent paint quality pores compress and expand with changes in differential pressure resulting in inconsistent paint quality Greater dirt holding capacity for long service life Surface blinding causes short service life Limited dirt holding capacity and service life Reduces deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Pass deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Inconsistent at reducing deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Figure 13 3M ES Series Housing 9

Permeate and UltraFiltration The System Ultra (UF) systems and protective prefilters are included in the ED system to provide the highest quality rinse water. High quality water exits the UF and enters the process as the vehicle exits the paint area. The last stage wash water cascades toward the beginning of the paint process from one wash station to the next. UF is utilized to maintain the solids to water ratio in the electrodeposition baths, while providing the highest quality rinse water in a fully recirculating system. UF systems are expensive and require protection from large particles that foul or plug the UF membranes. To extend the life of expensive UF membranes, and to reduce cleaning cycles, efficient 3M Purification prefiltration is recommended. Table 5 Application Guide Paint Application 3M Purification Cartridge Recommended Flow Rate Per 10" Suggested Absolute Rating Recommended Housing Permeate Betapure AU Series 5 GPM 70 µm 3M ES Series Housings Electrodeposition System Pump Permeate System Pump Pump Pump Pump Water Pump Solids Figure 14 Ultra Filtration Delonized (DI) Water The Problem The UF prefilter serves two functions. First, it must remove large oversize particles that foul the final UF membrane, thus shortening overall membrane life. Second, it must be a filter that classifies, allowing the paint pigments to pass and be redeposited into the ED dip tank. If the prefilter is too efficient it will strip pigments, shorten filter life, and require more frequent servicing. Additionally, permeate rinse systems require filtration to remove contaminants or large agglomerated particles that will plug spray nozzles. 10

Automotive Assembly The Solution Betapure AU series is the filter of choice with excellent flow characteristics to ensure an uninterrupted flow to the UF membrane. The absolute rated Betapure AU series reduces larger particles that would otherwise present problems for the UF system. Betapure AU series has excellent classifying characteristics and will allow desired pigments to pass and be separated by the UF system and returned to the dip tank. Inadequate prefiltration could drastically reduce the life of expensive UF systems. Betapure AU series is also recommended for filtration of the permeate rinse system. Betapure AU series will prevent nozzle plugging and deliver the highest quality paint finish. Figure 15 Betapure AU Series rigid depth classifying filter. Betapure AU Series Advantages Excellent classification Rigid structure Long service life Reduces oversize particles that would foul the UF Will not unload and foul the UF Reduces filtration costs System Design The recommended flow rate for Betapure AU series is 5 GPM per 10" filter. This provides maximum life for the prefilter and the UF membrane while maintaining the ED system at optimum quality. 3M ES Series 316L stainless steel filter housings are available in a wide variety of sizes to meet all flow rate requirements. The housing inlet and outlet can be sized and located to meet current piping needs. More 3M ES series filter housing information can be found starting on page 17. 3M ES Series Housing Advantages Constructed of 316L For corrosion resistance Standard drawings available within 24 hours For system design Flexible locations of inlet/outlet Meets current plumbing requirements Available in ASME Code Meets application requirements Easy assembly/disassembly For rapid filter change-outs Figure 16 3M ES Series Housing 11

Primers, Base Coats, and Clear Coats The System The paint and process areas of an assembly plant are large, and adequate control of the environment is difficult at best. Nevertheless, it is critical to provide a clean work environment. From the time a vehicle is prepared for painting, and until it departs from the baking oven, contaminants can be introduced resulting in a need for rework. 3M Purification addresses the need for high quality paint finishes with classification filtration systems. Proper paint filtration reduces rework requirements and results in dramatic cost savings. The introduction of water borne paints has also presented problems for the coatings industry. Water borne paints provide a smoother finish (distinction of image) making defects more obvious than with solvent borne paint. These water borne paint systems also make it more difficult to provide a color match on reworked cars, thus compromising paint quality. For these reasons, improved filtration becomes even more critical. Primer System Base Coat System Clear Coat System Pump Pump Pump Paint Kitchen Rework Shipping Rework Assembly Figure 17 Table 6 Application Guide Base Coat Paint Application 3M Purification Cartridge Recommended Flow Rate Per 10" Suggested Absolute Rating Primers Betapure AU Series 3-5 GPM 40-90 µm Base Coats Solids Metallic/Mica Clear Coats Betapure AU Series Betapure AU Series/Betapure NT-T Series 3-5 GPM 3-5 GPM 40-90 µm 100-160 µm 3-5 GPM 20-70 µm Recommended Housing CUNO CTG-Klean/3M CT Series Housings CUNO CTG-Klean/3M CT Series Housings CUNO CTG-Klean/3M CT Series Housings 12

Automotive Assembly The Problem Today s challenge is to reduce defects on the automobile surface. Reduction of defects will minimize rework, improve the overall quality of the paint finish, and provide substantial savings. Major causes for rework are fibers, solid contaminants, craters, and fish eyes. Cost of Rework 600 vehicles per day x 1% reduction = 6 fewer vehicles per day requiring rework 6 vehicles x $300 per vehicle = $1,800 per day savings Figure 18 Reworking a vehicle introduces quality issues and adds significant cost. The average rework cost of $300 per vehicle can lead to substantial annual costs. An assembly plant producing 600 vehicles daily could save $441,000 a year for every 1% reduction in rework. Rework also results in an overall reduction in quality. Color match is difficult to obtain, and the rework will never provide the appearance or the protection of the original paint finish. Small defects in a car that are not reworked could have been eliminated by higher quality filtration, providing increased customer satisfaction. Many applications using nylon monofilament (NMO) bags and vibrating screens are upgradable. Bags, which are non-rigid surface filters, have inherent weaknesses. Vibrating screens, which are rigid filters, do not provide depth, limiting filtration capabilities. The Solution Use of Betapure AU series will upgrade quality and reduce cost. An absolute rated, classifying filter will remove large undesirable particles that will contaminate the paint while desired pigments, metallics and micas pass. The rigid depth of Betapure AU series will also enhance the reduction of deformables that cause craters and fish eyes. Table 7 Betapure AU Series Bags Vibrating Screens Free of media migration and reduces fibers Passes and can release fibers Passes fibers Reduces deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Passes deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Passes deformables that cause craters & fish eyes Service life of 2 to 4 weeks between change-outs Service life of 1/2 to 1 week between change-outs Service life can be long but screen cleaning is required on a frequent basis 13

Fast Payback with CUNO CTG-Klean and Betapure AU Series Betapure AU series cartridges provide consistent filtration performance while reducing rework by as much as 40%. The table below is representative of results obtained by plants that have converted to Betapure AU series. Significant daily cost savings may be obtained by upgrading from bags or vibrating screens to Betapure AU series. Bags to Betapure AU Series = $7,200 savings per day 5 4 Automotive Assembly Plant Rework Plant Size 600 cars per day Average Cost or Rework $300 per car 3 Vibrating Screens Betapure AU Series = $5,400 savings per day 2 1 0 Bags Vibrating Screens Betapure AU Series vs Bags = 24 cars per day not requiring rework Figure 19 Number of additional vehicles per 100 requiring rework when using bags or vibrating screens. Savings = $7,200 per day Approximately 25 day pay back on CUNO CTG-Klean System Betapure AU Series vs Vibrating Screens = 18 cars per day not requiring rework Savings = $5,400 per day Approximately 35 day pay back on CUNO CTG-Klean System Savings Not only are reworks reduced, but overall quality is improved, leading to enhanced satisfaction by the automobile owner. Betapure AU series is the recommended filter cartridge for paint filtration. Currently, Betapure AU series technology is used as the filter medium of choice in over 40% of automotive paints world wide. 14

Automotive Assembly System Design It s not just the filter the system makes a difference too! with the unique CUNO CTG-Klean system offering optimum benefits for primers, base and clear coats. CUNO CTG-Klean provides totally enclosed filtration using a separate pressure vessel and filter pack to isolate the paint from the housing. This highly efficient system reduces labor for filter change-out, cleaning, and operator exposure. Each pack is assembled at 3M Purification to assure the cartridge seal which eliminates bypass and guarantees maximum paint quality. The CUNO CTG-Klean System becomes an even more attractive alternative for water borne paints which make housings more difficult to clean. Betapure AU Series Advantages Rigid structure Free of media migration Depth media Excellent classification Long service life Figure 20 Betapure AU Series rigid depth classifying filter. Will not unload contaminant into the paint and will not change the pore shape with changes in differential pressure Will not release fibers to the paint Will reduce deformable particles that cause craters and fish eyes Will not strip desired pigments, metallics, or mica from the paint Reduced filter usage and change-outs For an alternative to conventional housings, 3M Purification recommends the proven 3M CT series filter housings series. The 3M CT series filter housing design utilizes a single ring nut to access the spent filter for easy installation and cleaning. The recommended flow rate for Betapure AU series is 3 to 5 gallons per minute (GPM) for a 10" filter for primers, base coats, and clear top coats. The CUNO CTG-Klean housing is designed to meet both the needed flow and the plumbing requirements. The 3M CT series filter housing will accommodate flows up to 15 GPM in a variety of designs which can include sanitary fittings and easy to clean electropolished finishes. Performing a Test It is simple to conduct a meaningful test and evaluate the many benefits of Betapure AU series. First, select the problem paint and perform a two week audit, recording reworks using the current filtration scheme. This will provide a base line. Next, install the Betapure AU series filter cartridge and housing. Run the Betapure AU series filters for one to two weeks in order to clean the system. Once completed, repeat the two week audit with Betapure AU series and calculate the savings. Applications Support The 3M Purification Scientific Applications Support Services (SASS) team is knowledgeable on the application and can assist in both the installation of the housing, Betapure AU series, and the audit. Figure 21 CUNO CTG-Klean System: The filter pack is the barrier between the paint and the housing, reducing change-out times and operator exposure. 15

Betapure AU Series Betapure AU series is an absolute rated depth filter providing excellent classification characteristics. The rigid structure eliminates pore size changes, unloading, and bypass that are common with other filters used in the industry. Betapure AU series is supplied in a choice of polyolefin or polyester based materials - both compatible with automotive paints. Betapure AU Series Construction Betapure AU series utilizes state of the art fiber technology combined with innovative process technology, as shown in Figure 22, to provide a clean, rigid filter structure with consistent and reproducible filtration characteristics. Betapure AU series is constructed using long bicomponent fibers. The outer sheath melts at a lower temperature than the inner core. When heated, a matrix of these fibers becomes permanently bonded in a three dimensional network. The high degree of fiberto-fiber bonding eliminates both the need for a core support and any possibility of media migration. The matrix is consistent and rigid, as seen in the photomicrograph, Figure 23. Figure 22 Betapure AU Series rigid depth classifying filter. Removal Ratings 3M Purification uses a Multiple Point Characterization, that unlike single point evaluations, measures removal ratings for a range of particle sizes over the filter s service life. Betapure AU series is available with absolute ratings to meet the needs of automotive assembly applications. Betapure AU series rigid structure maintains its absolute removal ratings up to 80 psid. 3M Purification recommends flow rates of 3-7 GPM per 10 inch element to enhance filter life. For optimum performance, 3M Purification recommends filter replacement before 35 psid. For more information ask your local 3M Purification Distributor for Betapure AU Series Advantages Betapure AU series literature number 70020186907. Rigid structure Will not unload or bypass reducing defects and rework Absolute rated Depth filtration Excellent classification Free of media migration Long service life Reduces oversize particles that would result in paint defects Reduces gels and deformables that cause craters and fish eyes Will not strip desired pigments, metal flakes, or mica from the paint Will not contribute fibers to the paint Reduced filter usage and change-outs Betapure AU Series Ordering Guide Figure 23 SEM Photomicrograph of Betapure s internal structure. Multiple bond points and the bicomponent fibers produce a rigid depth filter matrix. Cartridge Type Length Grade Absolute Rating (µm) Media End Modification Gasket or O-ring Material AU - Betapure 09-9¾" A* 6 11 - Polyolefin B - Code 7 Bayonet Lock A- Silicone 10-10" B 20 12 - Polyester C- Code 8 Double O-ring B - Fluorocarbon 19-19½" C 30 D - Double Open End w/hard Cap 10" Nom. Length C- EPR 20-20" E 40 E - Double Open End w/hard Cap 9-3/4" Nom. Length D- Nitrile 29-29¼" G 70 F - Code 3 Double O-ring G - Polyethylene* 30-30" L** 90 K - Code 3 Double O-ring w/polypropylene Snap Ring N- None 39-39" Q** 100 N- No End Modification 40-40" V** 140 W** 160 *Available in polyester media only. **Available with polyolefin media only. 16

Betapure NT-T Series Automotive Assembly Betapure NT-T series filter cartridges are 3M Purification's advance in depth filtration technology. The all polypropylene filter is constructed using a process that utilizes flow enhancing filter media and an innovative flow pattern. The result is an absolute rated filter with vastly superior on-stream life that provides more cost effective filtration than conventional melt-blown filter technologies. Betapure NT-T series filter cartridges are well suited for demanding filtration applications. Betapure NT-T Construction 3M Purification designed the Betapure NT-T series cartridge to provide significantly superior service life while maintaining a consistent filtration efficiency. Betapure NT-T series filters achieve this through an innovative cartridge design that allows uniform distribution of fluid flow and contaminant throughout the entire depth of the cartridge. Betapure NT-T series filter construction combines a unique polypropylene media with fluid distribution netting to form multiple layers. Critically positioned media flow channels allow greater movement of fluid from layer to layer. Three distinct media sections, made from multiple media/netting layers, are combined to form the filter cartridge. Betapure NT-T Series Advantages Superior service life All polypropylene depth filter cartridges Ratings from 1-70 microns Absolute rated performance Exhibits superior particle retention As much as 4 times greater dirt holding capacity than competitive filters For broad chemical and temperature compatibility To suit a wide range of applications For consistent filtration quality Under increasing differential pressure The outer and middle sections contain multiple layers of interleaved filter media and fluid distribution netting. Within each media layer a portion of the fluid travels through the media while the balance of the fluid is delivered directly to the next distribution layer through the flow channels. The fluid distribution netting provides longitudinal and latitudinal flow paths to evenly distribute fluid flow across the surface of each successive media layer. For more information ask your local 3M Purification Distributor for 70020187202 Betapure NT-T Series Ordering Guide Cartridge Type Length Grade Rating (µm) Packaging Options Support Ring End Modification Gasket or O-ring Material NT-T -Betapure NT-T Series 09-9¾" T005-0.5 For End Modifications S - Standard D,N,P,Q, & R B - 226 O-ring w/ Spear 10-10" T010-1 0 - None C - 222 O-ring w/ Spear 19-19½" T020-2 For End Modifications B,C,D,F, & Y D - DOE w/polypropylene End Cap 20-20" T030-3 0 - None F - 222 O-ring w/flat Cap 29-29¼" T050-5 1 - Polysulfone N - None 30-30" T100-10 2 - Stainless Steel P - Polypropylene Core Extender 39-39" T200-20 Q - SOE, End Cap w/o Spring 40-40" T400-40 R - SOE, End Cap w/spring T500-50 Y - Single O-ring (40" length only) T700-70 A- Silicone B - Fluorocarbon C- EPR D- Nitrile For End Modifications N, P, G - Polyethylene 17

Betapure BK Series Absolute rated Betapure BK series is a rigid, graded-porosity filter cartridge constructed of acrylic and cellulose fibers, bound together with a chemically resistant thermosetting resin. Betapure BK series cartridges are grooved to significantly increase surface area and greatly extend service life. Betapure BK series is manufactured to absolute ratings and tested to deliver quality, consistency, and cost effective filtration performance. Performance The initial Beta Ratio for all grades of Betapure BK series filter cartridges is equal to or greater than 1000, and each cartridge performs at Betapure BK Series Advantages Absolute contaminant retention Quality filtration Grooved surface Reduces reworks due to paint related contaminants Consistent paint throughout the filter's life Long filter life or above this initial value throughout its usable life. s that show a decrease in Beta Ratio as the differential pressure increases are exhibiting either unloading of previously held contaminants or loss of filtration efficiency (Figure 26). Resulting inconsistent performance will cause a reduction in finished product quality, and increased product rework. For more information ask your local 3M Purification Distributor for literature number 70020186881. Figure 26 Beta Ratio Comparison of Cartridges Rated at 20 Microns Figure 25 Betapure BK series rigid graded-porosity cartridge filter. 1200 1000 800 Beta Ratio 600 400 200 0 Initial 0.5 1 10 Differential Pressure (psid) Betapure BK Series Ordering Guide Betapure BK Series Rigid Resin Bonded Competitor O Melt-Blown Polypropylene Competitor P Melt-Blown Polypropylene Competitor C Cotton Wound Cartridge Type Length Grade Micron Surface Packaging* Temperature Option* End Modification Gasket or O-ring Material BK - Betapure 09-9¾" Z8050-5** G Grooved 1 Standard Shrink Wrap 10-10" Z8070-7** U Ungrooved 2 Bulk Pack 19-19½" Z8100-10** 18 S Standard C- 222 O-Ring & Spear A- Silicone H High Temperature F - 222 O-Ring & Flat Cap K - 222 O-Ring, Retaining Clip & Flat Cap B - Fluorocarbon C- EPR 20-20" Z8140-14** N - None D- Nitrile 29-29¼" Z8150-15 P - Polypropylene Core Extender G -Volara Gasket 30-30" Z8200-20 S - SS Core Extender N - None 39-39" Z8300-30 40-40" Z8400-40 Z8500-50 Z8700-70 *All 39 and 40 inch cartridges are poly bagged. **Required end modification or flat gasket.

Automotive Assembly Figure 27 CUNO CTG-Klean System: The filter pack provides the barrier between the paint and the housing, reducing change-out times and operator exposure. CUNO CTG-Klean The CUNO CTG-Klean system provides totally enclosed filtration using a separate pressure vessel and filter pack to isolate the paint from the housing. This unique design virtually eliminates extensive time and labor costs involved with filter change-outs and reduces environmental and operator exposure to paints and solvents. For more information ask your local 3M Purification Distributor for literature number 70020186931. CUNO CTG-Klean Advantages Rapid change-out Totally enclosed pack Available in a range of sizes ASME Code design to 300 psi Reduced solvent usage CUNO CTG-Klean Housing 300 lb. ASME Code Design Ordering Guide Minimizing labor and paint bypass Minimizes operator exposure and reduces the need to clean the housing Meets all flow requirements Meets plans and regulatory requirements Reduces waste, solvent costs, and handling Housing Model Catalog Number Inlet/ Outlet Material Maximum Operating Pressure & Temperature Pack Configuration Nominal Cartridge Length (inches) 3WTS1 47364-01 3 Cartridge by 1 High 10 3WTS2 47364-02 1" NPT 304 SS 300 psi @ 160 F (20 bar @ 71 C) 3 Cartridge by 2 High 20 3WTS3 47364-03 3 Cartridge by 3 High 30 7WTS1 47365-01 7 Cartridge by 1 High 10 7WTS2 47365-02 1¼" NPT 304 SS 300 psi @ 160 F (20 bar @ 71 C) 7 Cartridge by 2 High 20 7WTS3 47365-03 7 Cartridge by 3 High 30 Betapure AU Series Pack Standard Grades Ordering Guide Number of Cartridges Around Pack Designation Cartridge Length Cartridge Type Equivalent Single Length Code Grade Designation Nominal Rating (µm) Absolute Rating (µm) 3 1-1 High B 5 20 GPK - CTG-Klean Pack AU - Betapure 09 7 2-2 High C 10 30 3-3 High E 20 40 G 30 70 L 50 90 Q 75 100 V 100 140 W 150 160 19

3M CT Series Housings The 3M CT series filter housing cartridge filter housings are three-piece, 316 stainless steel housings with quick and easy-to-use ring nut closures. They house a single cartridge in three nominal lengths, 9¾", 19½" and 29¼". The rugged, yet compact design is ideal for the automotive paint kitchen. Systems are designed to handle flows to 15 GPM. 3M CT Series Housings Advantages Easy to clean Easy change-out Easy installation All 316 stainless steel construction Small, light weight system Housing can be suspended from the plumbing For more information ask your local 3M Purification Distributor for literature number 70020187566. 3M CT Series Housings Ordering Guide Figure 28 Housing Model Catalog Number Inlet/Outlet Flow Capabilties (gpm) Cartridge Length Housing Material Mounting Bracket Kit CT101A 47310-04 CT102A 47310-05 CT103A 47310-06 1" NPT to 5 to 10 to 15 9¾" 19½" 29¼" All 316 SS with vent 66984-01 CT101SF 47094-07 CT102SF 47094-08 CT103SF 47094-05 1" Sanitary Flange to 5 to 10 to 15 9¾" 19½" 29¼" All 316 SS with vent 20

3M ES series filter housings Automotive Assembly 3M ES series filter housings are ASME Code vessels available in carbon steel, 304L, or 316L stainless steel and a broad range of sizes to match the filtration needs of ink, paint and resins. ES housings have a heavy duty cover lifting device and swing bolt cover fasteners to facilitate easy cover removal and cartridge change-out. 3M ES Series Housings Advantages Durable construction Easy access for filter reduction Flexible housing design Easy Maintenance and cleanup Meets plant safety requirements For long service life Swing bolts and cover lifting device Accepts a wide range of industrial filter cartridges Few parts to clean ASME Code design housing For more information ask your local 3M Purification Distributor for literature number 70020187111 3M ES Series Housings for Betapure AU Series and Betapure BK Series Figure 29 Housing Model Housing Diameter (inches) Number of Cartridges Length x 10" nom. Material Pressure Rating Outlet Location Cover Fastener Gasket Material ES Series 8 (203 mm) 6 Carbon Steel, 304L 150 psi (10bar) Bottom Bolt Fast Nitrile 2, 3, or 4 12 (305 mm) 12 SS, or 316L SS 300 psi (20 bar) Side Hex EPR 14 (356 mm) 18 Fluorocarbon 16 (406 mm) 24 20 (508 mm) 36 24 (610 mm) 52 30 (762 mm) 65 36 (914 mm) 120 PTFE Encapsulated Fluorocarbon 3M ES Series Housings for Zeta Plus Series Housing Model Housing Diameter (inches) Number of Cartridges Material Pressure Rating Outlet Location Cover Fastener Gasket Material ES Series 16 (406 mm) 3-12" Carbon Steel, 304L 150 psi (10bar) Bottom Bolt Nitrile 20 (508 mm) 3-16" SS, or 316L SS 300 psi (20 bar) Side Fast Hex EPR 36 (914 mm) 12-12" Fluorocarbon PTFE Encapsulated Fluorocarbon 21

Scientific Applications Support Services SASS Working within state-of-the-art paint filtration laboratories, 3M Purification s Scientific Applications Support Services (SASS) department is staffed with highly trained scientists and engineers who are prepared to evaluate problems and recommend the proper filter solution. SASS staff, familiar with coatings filtration applications, works closely with customer applications in order to recommend the most effective and economical 3M Purification filtration system. The 3M Purification paint laboratory is equipped with a full range of instrumentation such as a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, (FTIR) to investigate the type and source of paint contaminants. Paint Laboratory Full Technical Support On-Site Testing Evaluate Results Start up Support Paint Sample Evaluation Addressing Growing Environmental Concerns There is a continued effort within the paint and coatings industry to reduce disposal costs. 3M Purification has a complete offering of products to address this growing issue. Betapure AU series and Betapure BK series have long service lives which reduce both the number of filters needed and disposal costs in general. Solvent volumes for cleaning are best controlled by long filter life and by the use of a housing system that virtually eliminates cleaning. CUNO CTG-Klean was developed as a self contained system to eliminate product contact with the housing, reducing solvent usage for cleaning by up to 80%. The enclosed filter pack greatly reduces operator exposure. The easy to use CUNO CTG-Klean combination simplifies change-out and reduces down time to a minimum. Betapure AU series and Betapure BK series filter elements are coreless filters which allows for ease of shredding, minimizing disposal costs. Incineration can be a recommended option and the ease of incineration is enhanced by the high BTU values (per 10" element) as shown in Table 8. Table 8 Heating Values per 10" Element Betapure BK Series Betapure AU Series 8,000 BTU 19,900 BTU #4 Fuel Oil 18,500 BTU 22

Automotive Assembly 3M Purification Over 100 Years of Solutions When looking for a solution to challenging paint and coatings filtration, the industry has turned to 3M Purification for performance. 3M Purification has achieved a leadership position by striving to be the best supplier of high quality products designed to provide cost effective solutions. Some filter manufacturers offer a limited range or a single filter option. 3M Purification, however, understands that each application is unique and there is always an alternative. 3M Purification has both the experience and the breadth of products to provide quality improvements and dramatic cost savings for the customer. ISO 9001 Certified Quality Systems 3M Purification filter cartridges are manufactured under an ISO 9001 Certified Quality System. The Quality System assures that the appropriate standards are met or exceeded to provide consistently high quality products. Service Worldwide 3M Purification is a multinational organization with global manufacturing facilities for consistent product quality and immediate availability. Through an extensive network of trained distributors and field technical specialists familiar with the dynamics of ever changing paint and coatings manufacturing methods, 3M Purification provides proven filtration technologies to assist in today s total quality manufacturing environment. The 3M Purification Commitment 3M Purification understands that the best solutions begin with a thorough awareness of the problem and recognizes that each customer s manufacturing process is unique. The goal is to understand both customer objectives and process requirements, and to recommend solutions to meet customer needs. 23

Important Notice The information described in this literature is accurate to the best of our knowledge. A variety of factors, however, can affect the performance of the Product(s) in a particular application, some of which are uniquely within your knowledge and control. INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED UPON THE CONDITION THAT THE PERSONS RECEIVING THE SAME WILL MAKE THEIR OWN DETERMINATION AS TO ITS SUITABILITY FOR THEIR USE. IN NO EVENT WILL 3M PURIFICATION INC. BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON INFORMATION. It is your responsibility to determine if additional testing or information is required and if this product is fit for a particular purpose and suitable in your specific application. 3M PURIFICATION INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT TO INFORMATION OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH INFORMATION REFERS. Limitation of Liability 3M Purification Inc. will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of the Product(s), whether direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential, regardless of the legal theory asserted, including warranty, contract, negligence or strict liability. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation may not apply to you. Your Local Distributor: 3M Purification Inc. 400 Research Parkway Meriden, CT 06450 U.S.A. Phone (800) 243-6894 (203) 237-5541 Fax (203) 630-4530 www.3mpurification.com 3M is a trademark of 3M Company. Zeta Plus, CUNO, and Betapure are trademarks of 3M Company used under license. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 3M 2013. All rights reserved. 70020186782 REV 0813ptb