The Role of Apparatus Quality on Community Empowerment Independence Efforts in Bekasi City West Java Rovince Indonesia Rinny Dewi Anggraeni IPDN Lecturer, Indonesia ABSTRACT Human resources quality enhancement (PNS) can be viewed from a variety of non-physical potential, namely : (1) knowledge, employees must have the basic knowledge that is wide enough so be able to carry out the mandate of his job duties; (2) intelligentsia, employees will be able to receive any orders in carrying out their duties; (3) expertise, employees are expected to possess specialized skills in performing their duties as to operate existing technologies; (4) skills, employees are able to create new innovations or new ideas in the task that he gets to be more motivated. (5) human relations, good human resources is human resources capable to organize or communicate with each other and work well together on the surrounding environment, as professionals are those who are able to communicate between individuals.empowerment Research is one of the descriptive study. Descriptive study was not intended to test a specific hypothesis, but simply describes "what is" about something variable, symptoms or circumstances. Indeed, there are times when the results also prove the allegations but not too often done. Descriptive study was not intended to test the hypothesis.but if we mention the word research, then this will come into contact with something scientific nuances. Thus, it can be stated that the empowerment research are to generate policies that can be justified scientifically, within the limits that do not collide hardly with political will or social political environment in a country. This study discusses and examines about the role of apparatus quality on community empowerment independence efforts in bekasi city west java province Indonesia.This research method is descriptive qualitative and source data used are primary data sources and secondary data. Data collection techniques are made by observation, documentation, and interviews.this research generally aims to obtain information on community empowerment, namely by reference to the economic empowerment evaluation on PNPM Urban in Bekasi. The evaluation result for the local government can be a basis decision, whether to terminate, continue, or improve the implementation of economic empowerment in PNPM Urban Independence Program. Operationally the objectives of program evaluation are as follows: (1) The context of economic empowerment program on PNPM Urban, which includes government policies, goals, community needs and objectives; (2) Economic empowerment program input on PNPM Urban, in the form of infrastructure work and resource managers; and (3) The process of economic empowerment program on PNPM Urban, in the form of planning, capacity building, and managing performance; and (4) Economic empowerment program Products on PNPM Urban, the economic benefits for society. Keywords: Quality enhancement, human resources, PNPM, economic benefits. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Problem National development is an effort to improve the quality of human and people of Indonesia that carried out on an ongoing basis, based on national capacity, by utilizing the advancement of science and technology as well as attention to the challenges of global development in the implementation of the national identity and refers to the noble universal values to embody the life of a sovereign nation, independent, fair, prosperous, advanced and morally and ethically solid. To achieve these objectives we need a government that is strong and able to carry out the task of organizing and integrating the activities of people in order to achieve prosperity. In the era of regional autonomy and transparency like today, the government's role in the present and future in order to realize the construction of welfare function as a regulator, Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator, stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator, which emphasizes self-reliance in community development efforts. As a regulator, the government provides basic reference which is then translated by the community as an instrument to regulate social life in the corridors of the unity of Indonesia. As Modernisator government is obliged to bring changes in the direction of society renewal. As a catalyst / facilitator, the government tried to create or facilitate the orderly atmosphere, comfortable and safe, including facilitating the availability of development structure and infrastructure. As a pioneer or stimulator, the government must be able to demonstrate real examples and encourage people to follow the example through action indeed if these examples helpful. The government function requires the "public participation" actively through participation efforts, initiative and creativity. Definition of 'public participation' in development is a development process that involves the community through two-way communication continuously in disseminating intensive efforts to obtain a full understanding of the community and the whole of the development process. In other words 'public participation' is how people can get involved in 'social change' that allows people to get part of the profits. The purpose of community involvement in development is in order to produce the 'input and perception' that is useful for policy makers in order to improve the quality of decision making. 8
Community development is part of an effort to build community, namely the efforts made consciously and continuously to change the state of society toward a better and more advanced capabilities through a variety of community development, changes in people's behavior (negative behavior) until the society was able to organize itself (independence). Community development can not be done partially, but it must be done in a comprehensive manner is the responsibility of various stakeholders, government, NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), BUMN / BUMS and others The concept of community development or community empowerment in the future more emphasis on "self-reliance", because it is in the development of society is necessary for the active role of the community itself. This means participation, initiative and creativity in the development of society must be more to come from the community itself, while the central government serves as a regulator, Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator, stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator without interfering or intervening too much that it can turn off the independent development efforts. Public participation in the society development efforts is an absolute demand that the community can play a role with regard to people's desire to progress and develop through the mechanism of its involvement in the development process, such as preparing development programs through a bottom-up mechanism (bottom up) that treats people not only as development "target" but also as "agents" of development. This implies the need for contributions, in addition to the prosecution of justice and the right to enjoy the development results. Independence describes the capabilities and potential of self-help, in this case the government is gradually encourage self-help potential exploration through the mechanism of community development at the initial stage initiated or encouraged by government initiatives by the government to the people, then the increase of government by the people for the people; and ultimately the mechanism of community by community to community. Partnerships in community development efforts intended as an effort to establish cooperation with various parties aimed at improving the competence and capacity of the community, especially to support their involvement in the development process that can further implications on the: (a) the maintenance of development sustainability, (b) the creation of harmony variety of interests and (c) as an instrument to avoid any inaccuracies or gaps. Therefore, the necessary understanding of the basic principles of "partnership" in the development of society, such as: (a) complementary, (b) mutually reinforcing, (c) raising each other and (d) mutually beneficial. In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education System Article 3, it is stated that: National Education serves to develop the ability and character development and a dignified civilization in order to educate the nation, aims to develop students' potentials to become a man of faith and piety the Lord of the Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become a democratic and responsible citizens. Thus, the purpose of education is to develop the potential of learners so that later can become Indonesian man who adhered to the noble values and have strong competitiveness. Shane Harold in Sudrajat, Ahmad, 2010 Posted on 23 September 2010 suggests that the success of education in Indonesia depends on the ability of the government and people of Indonesia in improving its human resources. Education is one area that is quite important, to be able to respond and keep pace with changes in the development effort and was able to answer the demands of society. Education in Indonesia based on the national educational goals set forth in Law No. 20 of 2003, which is to create an educational institution that has a great responsibility in developing the attitudes and abilities as well as provide basic knowledge and skills necessary to live in the community, and prepares participants students who qualify for education in accordance with the level and type. An understanding of the basic concepts of educational policy is essential possessed by practitioners of education to equip itself to be able to make the right policy and in accordance with the duties and responsibilities of each. Because mistakes in taking such policy, especially in the education fields that will have broad impact for the community because education essentially involves the development of the nation's future quality. Education is a tool to improve better economic conditions. Education internally and externally influence on the family and community environment, which can be observed in the social and economic improvement. Education can be formal and informal aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and income. Recognition of the benefit-cost analysis can be used as the basis of national considerations for a decision to invest in education or simply looking for a comparison of the benefits among several education programs implemented. Benefit-cost analysis Techniques using quantitative estimate calculation performed accurately in educational investment. Elchanan Cohn in Sudrajat, Ahmad (2010) Posted on 23 September 2010 stated that the benefit-cost analysis is an analysis technique to calculate the cost (cost) issued a student or group of students during a particular educational program by estimating the benefits (benefits) acquired (return) as a result of education. Comprehensive study of this issue was made by Hansen in Sudrajat, Ahmad (2010) Posted on 23 September 2010, by calculating the return (return) of various levels and types of education in the US. 9
Indonesia requires human resources in sufficient quantity and quality as the main supporter in development. To meet the human resource, education has a very important role. This is in accordance with Law No. 20 Year 2003 on National Education System in Article 3. Based on research at Harvard University, United States (Ali Ibrahim Akbar in http://www.enotes.com/businessfinance-encyclopedia/professional education, April 2011) turns a person's success is not determined solely by the knowledge and technical abilities (hard skills), but is determined also by the ability to manage themselves and others (soft skills). Some research revealed that success is determined only about 20 percent of the hard skills and the remaining 80 percent by the soft skills. Even the most successful people in the world can be successful due to the more widely supported capabilities of soft skills than hard skills. This suggests that the quality of education by emphasizing the character and talent of the students is very important to be improved. These days there are shift of governance paradigm from "government rule" to "good governance" or "from government to governance", from centralized to decentralized, it needs to be addressed and balanced with the Civil Servants who have sufficient competence and in accordance with the demands of the task. The existence of civil servants in the reform era and the implementation of regional autonomy have a very strategic position, as smoothly or not, good or bad governance and public services, is dependent upon the competencies that are owned and controlled by civil servants. Therefore, the current required qualifications of government apparatus (civil servants), particularly leaders in the public bureaucracy which morally clean and not disabled, and has a vision for the future that can be met (Widodo, 2007). Furthermore, according to Ulrich in Tilaar (1997), that to create a superior public leadership needed four main agenda, namely: (1) be a strategic partner, (2) be an expert, (3) be a hard worker, and (4) become an agent of change (agents of change). In an effort to meet the competency of civil servants, Bass (in Widodo, 2007) and then added that can be pursued through: (1) improving employee awareness of the value and importance of the task and work, (2) directs employees to focus on the groups and organizations objectives, rather than the personal interests, and (3) develop employee potential optimally. This is consistent with efforts to improve the competence of civil servants, especially the structural officials, in accordance with Law No. 43 of 1999 (Act 43/199) on Amendments to the Law 8/1974 on the Principles of Personnel, in Article 17, paragraph 2, which set the appointment of civil servants in a position implemented based on the principle of professionalism in accordance with competence, work performance, and rank the level specified for the job and other objective conditions regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion, race, or class. In addition, to determine Position Competency Standards, have been assigned the Head of State Personnel Board Decision No. 13 of 2011 dated June 28, 2011 on Guidelines for Preparation of Position Competency Standards. These guidelines are guidelines for each institution both central and local government in developing job competency standards in their respective agencies. Position Competency Standards, here in after were referred Managerial Competency Standards are the minimum requirements of managerial competence that must be possessed of a civil servant in carrying out the duties. While Managerial Competence the underlying characteristics of individuals that reference to the effective criteria and / or superior performance in a particular occupation. Through education in synergy with talent and competence of civil servants, civil servants mindset are expected change from wanting to be served to be servants (officials) that delightful people. From relaxing, lazy and undisciplined cultural patterns, becomes a hard work, vibrant, innovative, creative and disciplined cultural patterns, from the bureaucratic government system (management) to the business / entrepreneur patterned government system. In an effort to realize reform of the bureaucracy and improve the competence of civil servants reached through: the realignment of institutional / organizational, apparatus human resources and management (management) administration of the appropriate size (right sizing) in accordance with the purpose, urgency, vision and mission carried; increase the capacity and capability of the bureaucrats (PNS) in policy formulation, service delivery and community empowerment. The increase in capacity and capability or competence of civil servants sought by: 1. Formal Education, by assignment civil servants to follow higher education S1, S2, and S3, as well as granting permission to learn S1, S2, and S3; 2. Education and required position training, ie Diklatpim Level IV, Diklatpim Level III, Diklatpim Diklatpim Level II and Level I; 3. Functional Education and training for civil servants prepared for functional positions; 4. Education and Technical Training, to meet the needs of the civil servants expertise in specific technical areas; 5. Granting the ability through experience (tour of duty) of the civil servants; 6. Improved system of governance (management) government affairs and community services by optimizing the use of information and communication technology. Today almost all agencies / regional organizations already have a website, so that various information / policy can be accessed by the public; 7. Improved system of reward and punishment. Reward system by applying equal work for equal pay, or the provision of decent wages in 10
accordance with the level of his position within the organization. The provision of penalties for the offense in accordance with Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 on civil servants discipline; 8. Repair of ethics and morality of civil servants as stipulated in Government Regulation No. 42 Year 2004 on Life Coaching Corps and the Code of Conduct for civil servants, and increase supervision (internal control, external supervision, community supervision). The locus of this research is the City government of Bekasi West Java Province. In this study, the authors focused on the quality of personnel at community empowerment independence efforts in Bekasi West Java Province, with the goal of research is to assess the implementation of community development programs related to community self-reliance, community capacity building, as well as assessing the degree of community empowerment in Bekasi. Table1. Individual Welfare State Data Bekasi City per Juni 2015 Grup 1 Grup2 Grup3 District (Vulnerab TOTAL No (very (Poor) Name le Poor) poor) 1 Pondokged 15093 12561 10863 38517 e 2 Jatisampurn 7128 3998 3380 14506 a 3 Pondokmel 7906 7599 7311 22816 ati 4 Jatiasih 16604 12030 8707 37341 5 Bantargeba 6506 5025 4505 16036 ng 6 Mustikajay 10892 9894 8169 28955 a 7 Bekasitimur 12402 9446 8407 30255 8 Rawalumbu 11575 8384 7131 27090 9 Bekasiselat 8759 8752 8399 25910 an 10 Bekasibarat 15033 12753 13366 41152 11 Medan 7995 7570 6745 22310 satria 12 Bekasiutara 11537 12047 13802 37386 Jumlah 131.43 0 110.05 9 Source:BappedaKotaBekasi, 2015 100.785 342.274 1.2 Problems Identification Community development implies an independent, self-supporting and strengthening the bargaining position of the community / communities against external forces that would be detrimental in the development process; in addition also implies protecting, defending and siding with the weak to prevent unequal competition and exploitation of the weak. The role of government as decision / policy makers in community development more as a regulator, Modernisator, catalyst / facilitator, motivator, stabilizers and pioneer / stimulator in order: a. Improve the community competence and capacity in order to optimize their involvement in the development process; b. Accelerate the process of equitable development; c. Involving Public participation / community groups as real in every implementation of development; d. Increase community sense of belonging to the development products so that maintained its maintenance; e. Provide the widest opportunity for the public to develop creativity in accordance with the culture, character and potential of local communities. These days there are shift of governance paradigm from "government rule" to "good governance" or "from government to governance", from centralized to decentralized, it needs to be addressed and balanced with the Civil Servants who have sufficient competence and in accordance with the demands of the task. The existence of civil servants in the reform era and the implementation of regional autonomy have a very strategic position, as smoothly or not, good or bad governance and public services, is dependent upon the competencies that are owned and controlled by civil servants. In an effort to realize reform of the bureaucracy and improve the competence of civil servants reached through: the realignment of institutional / organizational, apparatus human resources and management (management) administration of the appropriate size (right sizing) in accordance with the purpose, urgency, vision and mission carried; increase the capacity and capability of the bureaucrats (PNS) in policy formulation, service delivery and community empowerment. Apparatus Quality becomes very urgent role on community empowering independence efforts in Bekasi West Java Province, and therefore qualified personnel may play a role in reviewing and implementing community development programs related to community self-reliance, community capacity building, as well as the degree of community empowerment in Bekasi. 1.3 Problem Formulation As for the problems in the form of research questions are: 1. What is the role of qualified apparatus on community empowerment independence efforts in Bekasi West Java Province? 2. How about the quality of the apparatus with the professionalism principles of competence and his work achievement in increasing self-reliance on community empowerment in Bekasi West Java Province? 11
1.4 Purposes n Benefits of the Research The purpose of this Research: 1. To identify and analyze the role of qualified apparatus on community development e independence fforts in the city of Bekasi, West Java Province. 2. To identify and analyze the quality of the apparatus with the professionalism principles of competence and his work achievement in increasing self-reliance on community empowerment in Bekasi West Java Province scientifically, within the limits that do not collide hardly with political will or social political environment in a country. This study discusses and examines about the role of apparatus quality on community empowerment independence efforts in bekasi city west java province Indonesia. Source of data in this research is the source of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are by observation, documentation, and interviews. As some of the expected benefits of this research are: to provide input and brainstorming to the Municipality of Bekasi West Java Province, in the policy making on independence efforts in the community capacity building, in addition to providing advice to the qualified apparatus with the principles of competence and professionalism in accordance with his performance which contribute to self-reliance in community empowerment efforts in Bekasi West Java Province. 2. RESEARCH METHODS a) Research Methods The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach. Descriptive research method is a method that is used in research to analyze the events that occurred during the study. Winarno Surachmad (1988: 19) states that "a descriptive study focused on solving the problems that exist at the present time. Implementation of the descriptive method is not limited only to the collection and compilation of data but through the analysis and interpretation of the meaning of the data. The methods used in data collection are: a. Interview method; b. Documentation methods and Browsing: collecting data on Bekasi city government policies on empowering communities independence efforts ; c. Observation method: observation to the Bekasi, West Java, local government office to obtain the required data; d. Library Study Methods: look for sources that can be used as a reference of the data source or literature. b) Types of Research Empowerment Research is one of the descriptive studies. Descriptive study was not intended to test a specific hypothesis, but simply describes "what is" about something variable, symptoms or circumstances. Indeed, there are times when the results also prove the allegations but not too often done. Descriptive study was not intended to test the hypothesis. But if we mention the word research, then this will come into contact with something scientific nuances. Thus, it can be stated that the empowerment research are to generate policies that can be justified As for the source of the data in this research are: 1) The informant, as the initial informant selected purposively, the object of study to master the problems studied (key informant) that the apparatus is based on the quality (education, experience and his skills). Further information requested to the informant beginning to show other people who can provide the information, and then this informant was asked also to show other people who can provide information and so on. This method is usually referred to as a snow ball that is done serially or sequentially. In this study, which is seen as the first informant is: 5 Bekasi city local government officials (the actor who plays a role in improving the quality of personnel and in community empowerment independence efforts in Kota Bekasi West Java Province), which consists of: (1) The head of BKD in Bekasi city government; (2) Subsection Head of General Government in Bekasi city government; (3) Subsection of Development and Administration Development in Bekasi city government; (4) Subsection of Empowerment Bekasi city government; (5) Subsection of Education and Technical Training Functional in Bekasi city government; and 5 Bekasi government staff; 7 people in Bekasi which are getting empowerment from Bekasi City local government (community selected purposively based on data from the implementation of community empowerment in Bekasi 2015). Then two people from non Governmental Organization (NGO), and one public figure, so the numbers of whole informants are 20 people. In the respondent selection both apparatus and the public, researchers used purposive sampling method to determine sample. In this study sampled criteria are: (1) People who live in Bekasi city, West Java Province, (2) Bekasi city government Apparatus that plays a role in the drafting, implementation and evaluation of community empowerment in Bekasi West Java Province. 2) The document, which is a technique used to obtain documentation of data through written materials in the form of materials, reports and other records that are still relevant to community empowerment policy in Bekasi, West Java. This technique is done to supplement researcher s information in addition to supporting data collection techniques mentioned above. 3) Place and events as a source of additional data is done through direct observation of the places and events related to community empowerment policy in order to attempt independence in Bekasi, West Java. 12
3. RESEARCH RESULT (a) Qualified Apparatus Employees are the most important resource in public organizations. Good employees and meet the qualification standards can only be obtained through effective recruitment efforts. Therefore, in order to carry out the recruitment process effectively, there must be accurate and continuous information on the number and qualifications of individuals who are required to carry out various duties and functions within the organization. Human resources quality enhancement (PNS) can be viewed from a variety of non-physical potential, namely : (1) knowledge, employees must have the basic knowledge that is wide enough so be able to carry out the mandate of his job duties; (2) intelligentsia, employees will be able to receive any orders in carrying out their duties; (3) expertise, employees are expected to possess specialized skills in performing their duties as to operate existing technologies; (4) skills, employees are able to create new innovations or new ideas in the task that he gets to be more motivated. (5) human relations, good human resources is human resources capable to organize or communicate with each other and work well together on the surrounding environment, as professionals are those who are able to communicate between individuals. Professional terms that apply to all official began from top-level to lower levels. Professionalism can be defined as a sign of ability and skill to do the job according to the fields and the level of each. Professionalism involves a match between the capabilities of the bureaucratization with the needs of the task, met a match between capabilities with the needs of the task which is the condition of professional apparatus formation. This means that apparatus skills and abilities reflect the direction and objectives to be achieved by an organization (Kurniawan, 2005: 74). Training (Education and Training) civil servants is undertaken efforts for civil servants to improve the personality, knowledge, and capabilities in accordance with the demands: apathy of society against the government which are making society feel excluded from the process of governance. From different areas of work that was involved government officials it is clear that the problem is related to lack-professionalism of employees in performing entrusted important tasks. (2) Skills Every individual has different skills; skills that exist in a person must be explored. Skills in a person can help them to improve their quality. Not all Employees have the skills that can be expected, so that with the training is expected to help employees improve their skills in the workplace. In Here are more focused a person's skill to develop creativity and ideas in completing the task. A person who has a highly creativity automatically the imagination power to develop their intelligence are good. Therefore the skill is one way to improve self professionalism. (3) Expertise The expertise comes from the word expert which means mastering a particular field. Expertise could mean that someone who has the ability to master or run a particular technological tools. Expertise is one way to support professionalism. Expertise can be obtained someone through training; the training makes a person become more deeply what their main duty so as to enhance his ability to master the job. (4) knowledge Knowledge is impact on a person quality standard. Standard quality refers to the quality of anything related directly or indirectly to organization human resources. Quality standards are lies in their own individual abilities. Individual s abilities affect a person's development. One effort to help improve the knowledge is to follow the training. (5) Ability The ability of someone who comes from themselves are becoming initial capital to get a certain place in an organization. (1) Professionalism Based on observations and the observations made by government official s researcher that is a professional so it can be able to improve the quality, knowledge, skills, driven by the many responsibilities of the government's duty and devotion to the public in accordance with the capabilities of the employees. A professional s official or government apparatus are significantly and positively very influential to the progress and improvement of government organizations quality. This is due to government employees as a determinant, planners, implementers, and superintendent of administration. Lack of apparatus professionalism in the public services management resulted in a lack of willingness to participate in the planning of development and the (6) Willingness Willingness is the impetus that is in oneself. Willingness that owned by someone must be dug well enough, so that willingness can give positive energy to help improve one's ability to be better. Willingness is also the basis of a person, if one has the willingness to change indirectly all the other components will follow. Thus a willingness that can encourages a person to work in a professional manner. (7) Discipline Discipline is a rule that must be obeyed by someone on self-awareness. Discipline is actually not out of willingness, willingness to abide by the rules that exist in the organization. Self-discipline is very big role in achieving organizational goals. Through selfdiscipline, beside to value himself an employee also can 13
respect others. Working discipline beside influenced by the work environment (how culture within the organization) is also influenced by personality factors. If one employee violates the necessary efforts so that disciplinary action principles such as fair socialization discipline can be maintained. (8) Cooperation Talking about the Human Relations is closely related to the interaction of a person in the world of work. Interaction is done not only on one side but more than that. Good interaction between leaders and subordinates and subordinates and subordinates, maintaining good interaction can increase the motivation to work. The easiest form of interaction is to maintain good communication and cooperation in carrying out the task of the organization. In the work environment influence the development of human resources. Good an comfortable workplace environment will give encouragement for someone to further improve the quality in work. The internal environment is a part that can not be ignored in efforts to improve the quality of human resources. The internal environment is everything that is owned by the organization, both attached to the structure, as well as support, both material and nonmaterial. Maintaining good relations to fellow employees is a spirit of its own to work harder. However, not everyone or employee it can be said one way or perception. No doubt in a cooperative relationship in the world of work to unify the perception was quite difficult, but there are certain ways in the organization cope with that kind of thing. According to Blumberg & Pringle theory (in Jewell & Siegall, 1990) there are several factors that determine a person's job performance, namely: a) Opportunity: includes the tools, materials, supplies, working conditions, co-workers actions, behavior management, mentors, policies, regulatory, organizational procedures, information, time, and salaries; b) Capacity: consisting of age, health, skills, intelligence, motor skills, education levels, endurance, stamina and energy levels; c) Willingness: consists of motivation, job satisfaction, job status, anxiety, legitimacy, participation, attitudes, perceptions of the characteristics of the task, work engagement, norms, values, perceptions and sense of justice. The theory is to be used as a reference to determine the human resources quality improvement after they followed the training program. Is it in accordance with what is expected or is still lacking? It was as one way to make it easier to assess the success of the training program to improving the quality of human resources is expected. Government apparatus Coaching in order to improve working quality, which meant by coaching in this study is an activity or a form of business that is done by discipline coaching, career coaching, and Civil Service professional ethics coaching in an organization of government to improve the ability of employees to provide services to the community through basic tasks and functions in order to achieve the vision and mission of the government organizations. While performance is a result of work accomplished by a Civil Servant in performing the tasks assigned to him on proficiency, skill, seriousness, and time. In Act No. 43 of 1999 points staffing and Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning the civil state apparatus (ASN) stated that employees coaching is an important effort in the organization because of these employees coaching will make organization be more advanced and developed. Malthis (in Widjaja, 1986) stating that the employee coaching is an activity that is associated with an increase in employee skills for sustainable growth within the organization. Widjaja (1986: 15) added that employee coaching is all efforts to improve the ability in performing general administration and development. Of the three definitions, it is clear that employees coaching conducted for the growth and sustainability of the quality of employees in an organization. Thus, employees coaching are essentially an increase in the ability of employees to provide services to the public through the basic tasks and functions in the implementation of the development in accordance with established policy. Civil Servants Professional Ethics coaching in accordance with Regulation No. 42 of 2004 in (www.bkn.go.id.penelitian) using the terminology of mental coaching corps and the Civil Service code of conduct, which is a kind of design (design) that illustrate the various components that need to be in the Civil Servants Professional Ethics coaching, so it can be used as a reference pattern or guidelines by the head of government agencies at every level in doing Civil Servants Professional Ethics coaching in the governments agency an d working units environment. (b) Independence Effort In Community Empowerment Empowerment as a process of developing, independent, self-supporting, strengthens the bargaining position of the lower layers of society against the forces in all areas and sectors of life (Sutoro Eko, 2002). The concept of empowerment also can be understood by two perspectives. Empowerment interpreted in the context of putting public standing position. The position of community is not beneficiary object (beneficiaries) it is dependent on the provision of external parties such as the government, but rather in the position of the subject (agent or participant who acts) that act independently. Act independently does not mean escape from the responsibility of the state. The provision of public services (health, education, housing, transport and so on) to the community is certainly state tasks (liabilities) that are given. Independent community as participants means open space and capacity to develop potential -creation, 14
environmental control and its own resources, solve problems independently, and and also determine the political process in the realm of the state. Communities participate in the development process and governance (Sutoro Eko, 2002). Regulation No. 7 of 2007 concerning Community Empowerment Cadre, stating that community empowerment is a strategy used in community development as an effort to realize the capabilities and independence in society, nation and state (Article 1, paragraph (8)). The core notion of community empowerment is a strategy to leverage the power and independence of the community. The goals of community empowerment are to enable and dependence community mainly from poverty and underdevelopment / gap / powerlessness. In other words, underdevelopment problem regarding structural (policy) and cultural (Sunyoto Usman, 2004). How do strategies or activities that can be pursued to achieve the goal of community empowerment? There are several strategies that can be considered to be selected and then applied in community empowerment. Strategy (1): Creating a climate, strengthen, and protect. In an effort to empower the community can be seen from three sides, namely: creating an atmosphere or climate that allows the potential of society, rather than society becomes increasingly dependent on a variety of granting programs (charity). Therefore, basically every enjoyed what must be produced on their own business (which results can be exchanged with another party). Thus the ultimate goal is the community's independence, enable and build capacity to advance thems toward a better life on an ongoing basis. Strategy (2): Government Development Programs in developing countries including Indonesia have launched a variety of programs, namely (1) the development of agriculture, (2) the industrialization of society, (3) development of an integrated society, and (4) strategic growth centers (Sunyoto Usman, 2004). The success of this development requires a system and executor apparatus that is capable, responsive and creative as well as managers in accordance with the principles of modern management in attitudes and behavior of technical capabilities, including the deliver effective services to the public. Due to effective service will expedite the development process. For that reason, the effectiveness of excellent service as one of the variables studied. Since the New Order era until now, the conditions in the Indonesian bureaucracy notorious as inefficiency, abuse of authority, corruption, collusion and nepotism. This is proven by the demands and community complaints against the services were rated less than satisfactory. People are increasingly away from the hope of obtaining appropriate services owned rights as citizens. Bureaucracy in this case the government becomes less get the full confidence of the public. To realize the neutral government bureaucracies in fact still face many obstacles, while people always demand the effectiveness of government services. Policies to achieve a neutral bureaucracy in the administration and state government, in practice there are face many obstacles. Yet amid the barriers, people really missed a good public service, in the sense of proportion to the benefit, namely; bureaucracy oriented to the creation of a balance between power (power) owned by responsibility (accountability) to be given to the communities served. Local government officials as bureaucrats demanded to deal with the constraints faced in the development efforts recommended by the government. The apparatus must be able to perform its main function is to give good service to the community, agile, effective and efficient. Community empowerment is actually a part of the four functions of government expressed by Ryaas Rashid. Ryaas divides government functions into four parts, the service (public service), construction (development), empowerment (empowering), and setting (regulation). [1] The functions of government are carried out at a given moment will describe the quality of governance itself. If the next government to function properly, then the principal tasks can be done well as services can be led to justice, empowerment led to independence, and then to create prosperity development. Community empowerment process in general forms and builds prosperity and self-reliance to fight the currents of rapid globalization. To increase the creativity of the poor in view of the economic outlook based on how the government is serious about building a strong human resource. Thus, improving the quality of society through empowerment programs is needed. Ndraha mentioned that the government has two basic functions, namely primary function or service, and a secondary function or empowerment. The primary function is continuously running and positively associated with the empowerment of the governed. This means that more helpless people, then more increase the primary function of government. Conversely secondary function negatively related to the level of empowerment of the governed. This means that more helpless people, then diminishing the government's secondary function of rowing (setting) to steering (control). A secondary function or empowerment gradually handed over to the community to meet their own needs. Government is obliged to continuously seek to empower people to improve their empowerment so that in turn they have the ability to live independently and apart from government interference. Therefore, the empowerment encourages community self-reliance and development will create prosperity in the community. Along with it, the results of development and empowerment of the government, along with its limitations, then gradually people were able to live independently sufficiency. 15
Government functions in relation to empowerment, to direct the independence community and development for the creation of self-reliance and prosperity, not necessarily imposed by society. The need for a government role optimally and depth to build community (c) Community Empowerment Independence Efforts In Bekasi City The success of national development can not be separated from the role and functions of government organizations in carrying out the tasks of government because the government organization's success in achieving the objectives strongly supports the achievement of national development goals. In order to achieve the national goals and objectives of the national development required the participation of Civil Servants (PNS) as an element of the state apparatus, civil servants and public servant whose job is to carry out the tasks of government and development. In Law Number 43 Year 1999 regarding amendments to the Law No. 8 of 1974 on the Fundamentals of Civil Service, in Chapter II, Article 3, paragraph 1 stated that: "Servants serves as an element of the state apparatus whose job is to provide services to the community in a professional, honest, fair, and equitable in the administration duties of the state, governance, and development." Civil Servant is not only an element of government officials, but also servants of the state and public servant which is basically a public servant. Civil servants as a apparatus of bureaucracy than as a state apparatus and civil servants, as well as a public servant. So with the interests of the communities in bureaucratic apparatus must devote themselves. Bureaucracy is expected to have a devotion soul and service to the community. Thus the output of the implementation of the tasks is in the form of service to the community so that the service is said to be effective if apparatus succeeded in carrying out their duties. In other words, the success of the task of the government in national development depends a lot on the performance and capabilities of civil servants. From these explanations we can conclude that the position and role of civil servants is critical and determines the success of national development. Apparatus in Bekasi city government as part of the civil servants are required to be the motor of development because they are in direct contact with the public, so it will better understand the circumstances and conditions of the community. In explanation of Law No. 43 of 1999 on the amendment of Law No. 8 of 1974 on the Fundamentals of Civil Service stated that the smooth run the administration and implementation of national development, especially depending on the perfection of the state apparatus, and the perfection of the state apparatus depends on the perfection of civil servants, From these explanations it can be said that the perfection of bureaucracy depends on the perfection of the state apparatus so that the quality of the bureaucracy we reflected on the quality of the state apparatus. The task of government is not only to set the course, but also provide services to the public. Service function has not received the attention of the bureaucracy, because the function set is more dominant than the portion of the service. Bureaucracy felt no more in a position of power who puts himself as a director rather than officials, therefore, arises a tendency to see people as passive objects in service excellence. Government bureaucracy occupies an important position in the implementation of development because it is one of the important instruments that will sustain and accelerate development efforts. The success of this development requires a system and executor apparatus that is capable, responsive and creative as well as managers in accordance with the principles of modern management in attitudes and behavior of technical capabilities, including the deliver effective services to the public. Due to effective service will expedite the development process. For that reason, the effectiveness of excellent service as one of the variables studied. Since the New Order era until now, the conditions in the Indonesian bureaucracy notorious as inefficiency, abuse of authority, corruption, collusion and nepotism. This is proven by the demands and community complaints against the services were rated less than satisfactory. People are increasingly away from the hope of obtaining appropriate services owned rights as citizens. Bureaucracy in this case the government becomes less get the full confidence of the public. To realize the neutral government bureaucracies in fact still face many obstacles, while people always demand the effectiveness of government services. Policies to achieve a neutral bureaucracy in the administration and state government, in practice there are face many obstacles. Yet amid the barriers, people really missed a good public service, in the sense of proportion to the benefit, namely; bureaucracy oriented to the creation of a balance between power (power) owned by responsibility (accountability) to be given to the communities served. Local government officials as bureaucrats demanded to deal with the constraints faced in the development efforts recommended by the government. The apparatus must be able to perform its main function is to give good service to the community, agile, effective and efficient. This research generally aims to obtain information on community empowerment, namely by reference to the evaluation of PNPM Urban economic empowerment in Bekasi. Evaluation result of the local government can be a basis for a decision, whether to terminate, continue, or improve the implementation of economic empowerment in PNPM independence Urban Program. In the operational objectives, evaluations of program are as follows: 1. Context program of economic empowerment in PNPM Urban, which includes government policies, objectives, community needs and goals. 2. Input economic empowerment programs in PNPM Urban, in the form of infrastructure 16
work and resource managers. 3. The process of economic empowerment programs in the form of PNPM Urban planning, capacity development, and performance manager. 4. Economic empowerment program Product in PNPM Urban, the economic benefits for society. 4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS a. Conclusions In order to realize a good working apparatus to the community in need of human resources that have good quality also, therefore the employee continue to be developed so that they have a good ability to carry out its tasks and role in efforts to empower the independence of people in Bekasi city government. Employees are the most important resource for government institutions, one implication is that the government should provide a sufficient development of poor communities to develop businesses to employees, in the sense that the development of poor communities to investments made by the government for these employees aimed at creating sources human power who have added value to government and society. So as to produce a working apparatus that efficiency in the execution of duties In connection with this empowerment of apparatus resources, the role of the apparatus performance must have very significant value in improving the apparatus quality working in the field of empowerment of the poor development. It is expected that the personnel working for the poor does not take too long. Because look at the development of poor communities residing in the District of Bekasi City officer who has a number of families or the poor souls who have insufficient income and economic needs. a. Community empowerment process by the apparatus is done in three stages, namely initials, participatory, and emancipatory. Initials interpreted as the government, by the government, and for the people. The participatory is means government with the people, by government together with the people, for the people. Meanwhile, emancipatory means of the people, by the people, for the people, and supported by the government with the people. Thus the role and functions of government in the welfare and society's independence is indispensable. b. Quality apparatus with the principles of competence and professionalism in accordance with his performance increase self-reliance in community empowerment in Bekasi West Java Province, namely the role of the apparatus as: 1) Regulator; be able to prepare the way to balance the implementation of development through the issuance of regulations. As a regulator, the government through professional apparatus has provided the basic reference to the community as an instrument to regulate all activities of the implementation of empowerment. 2) Dynamist; able to mobilize community participation in case of constraints in the development process to encourage and maintain the dynamics of regional development. Government role are through competent personnel in providing guidance and direction intensively and effectively to the public. Usually it is realized through the provision of guidance and assistance teams specific agencies to provide training. 3) The facilitator; be able to create conducive conditions to the implementation of development to bridge the various interests of the community in order to optimize regional development. As facilitator, the government is moving through the apparatus that professional and competent in the field of assistance through training, education and skills training, as well as in the field of capital financing or through the provision of capital to the people who are empowered. As for the role the apparatus in the context of the program is done through: 1. Evaluation Context Aspects of this policy has met the criteria for success, namely an Independent PNPM is a national program in the form of a policy framework as the basis and reference for the implementation of poverty reduction programs based on community empowerment. 2. Evaluation Input The success rate of the provision of BKM working facilities and infrastructure are in the medium category. BKM manager recruitment pattern was in accordance with the procedures set out in the guidelines for the implementation of PNPM Urban. Furthermore, the public institutions have been formed 100 percent. 3. Evaluation Process Socialization program of economic empowerment through revolving loans are made by government leaders in the village as the village level to facilitate the implementation of PNPM Urban. Besides, socialization is also done by the facilitator at the base of society such as RT, RW, PKK, health center. 4. Economic empowerment programs through revolving loans to help the poor in accessing capital for productive enterprises in addition to improve the infrastructure managers to improve services in the future. Socialization and assistance are doing to the public, as well as the provision of skills training to the poor to help increase revenue, and the partnerships that can assist in improving community empowerment. 17