Session 2 Biogas from Co-Fermentation of Biowaste at a Waste Water Treatment Plant 1
Energy policy in Europe goes towards reduction of consumption and increase of renewable energy sources for two main reasons: CO2 reduction Reduction of dependency from import 2
Increase of renewable energy in EU 27 from 1990 to 2005 in % 170 160 150 140 130 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 120 110 100 90 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Renewable energy supply Total energy supply Share of renewables in energy supply 5.0 4.5 4.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source: Eurostat 2003 2004 2005 3
Contribution of renewable energy in final energy consumption EU 27 18% 16% Share of electricity from renewables 14% in gross electricity consumption 12% 10% Share of heat from renewables in gross heat consumption 8% 6% 4% 2% Share of energy from renewables in total final energy consumption (with normalised hydro) Share of biofuels in petrol and diesel consumption for road transport 0% 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: Eurostat 4
Energy production from renewables in EU 27 - share by source 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% EU BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK Solar Energy Biomass & Wastes Geothermal Energy Hydro Power Wind Energy Source: Eurostat 5
Share of renewables in final energy consumption % 2005 2005 2006 2020 Published in October 2007 Revised in 2008 Calculated in 2008 Target Belgium 2.2 2.3 2.7 13.0 Bulgaria 9.4 9.1 9.0 16.0 Czech Republic 6.1 6.1 6.4 13.0 Denmark 17.0 17.3 17.1 30.0 Germany 5.8 6.5 7.8 18.0 Estonia 18.0 17.8 16.6 25.0 Ireland 3.1 2.8 3.0 16.0 Greece 6.9 6.9 7.2 18.0 Spain 8.7 8.5 8.7 20.0 France 10.3 10.3 10.5 23.0 Italy 5.2 5.8 6.3 17.0 Cyprus 2.9 2.6 2.7 13.0 Latvia 34.9 32.6 31.4 40.0 Lithuania 15.0 14.8 14.6 23.0 Luxembourg 0.9 1.0 1.0 11.0 Hungary 4.3 4.3 5.1 13.0 Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 Netherlands 2.4 2.5 2.7 14.0 Austria 23.33 23.5 25.22 34.0 Poland 7.2 7.2 7.5 15.0 Portugal 20.5 20.3 21.5 31.0 Romania 17.8 17.6 17.1 24.0 Slovenia 16.0 16.0 15.6 25.0 Slovakia 6.7 6.5 6.8 14.0 Finland 28.5 28.5 28.9 38.0 Sweden 39.8 39.5 41.44 49.0 United Kingdom 1.3 1.3 1.5 15.0 EU 27 8.5 8.7 9.2 20.0 Source: Eurostat 6
Consequence for the gas industry Counter strategy: reduction of gas sale! New activities like natural gas vehicles New techniques like CHP and virtual power plant Including biomethane as a gas source 7
Efficiency of Alternative Fuels How many km will a car run with the fuel produced on 1 ha? Biogas from corn silage via gas grid 71.200 Bio-Ethanol from sugar beet 57.000 Bio-Ethanol from corn 33.200 Bio-Ethanol from wheat 19.300 BTL (FT Diesel from forest biomass) 13.300 Bio Diesel 18.500 0 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000 km/ha.a Source: OMV Gas&Power 8
Production of biogas is the most efficient way to gain energy from agricultural areas But It s a question of ethics not to use too much cultivated area for energy production as competitor against food production So one solution is to use biogenic waste for biogas production! 9
Austria: household rubbish: 25 % is bio waste (15% milk/cheese/eggs, 13% vegetables, 12% meat) waste separation is well developed additional subtrate from industrial and commercial bio - waste Source: newspaper Kurier 10
Substrates for biogas production: Draff (residues from breweries) Food scrap Flour + flour dust Flotation tailings Meat residues Bakery rest Pomace (from juice and jam production) Residue from leather production Biowaste general (from household) Loppings m³ biogas / t dry organic subsrate * 530 550 500 700 700 750 600 400 m³ biogas / t wet substrate * 100 200 * aproximate average figures 11
Build up an efficient biogas plant is very costly, so why not use an existing waste water treatment plant? 12
The advantages: Biogas from co fermentation of biowaste biogas is already produced d operators are well trained specialists technical controlling is well developed Aditionally needed: space for the additional plant installations natural gas pipe close to the plant (4 bar +) efficient cleaning reaktor concept tfor use of fthe residues 13
Example from Styria / Austria: Styria 14
Study for biomethane at waste water treatment plants in Styria: 1. Check of all waste water treatment plants of a size > 50.000 inhabitants equivalent 2. Exclude plants by knock out criteria 3. Define gathering ground for the relevant plants and collect data of substrate potential 4. Develop a concept for biomethane production 15
Study for styrian waste water treatment plants: 1. Size > 50.000 inhabitant equivalent 2. k.o. criteria Gratkorn 520.000 industrial plant, special solution Graz 500.000 Pöls 200.000 industrial plant, special solution Wildon 120.000 no natural gas grid available Leoben 90.000 Knittelfeld 70.000 only 100 mbar gas grid available 16
Styria: 17
3. Define gathering ground for that plants 18
4. Concept for use of enegy and residues from a waste water treatment plant in Leoben waste water and organic waste fertilizer for flowerbeds, landscaping etc. electricity to the grid biomethane to the grid biomethane as fuel for NGVs direct use of biogas Source: Steirische Gas-Wärme GmbH 19
Potential for biomethane at the waste water treatment plant in Graz Organic waste from commerce and industry Bio-waste (Graz+ vicinity) Loppings (Graz+ vicinity) 1,7 Mio m³/a biogas = 36,8 TJ/a 1,02 Mio m³/a biomethane 3,87 Mio m³/a biogas = 83,6 TJ/a 2,32 Mio m³/a biomethane 0,55 Mio m³/a biogas = 11.9 TJ/a 0,33 Mio m³/a biomethane Total 3,7 Mio m³/a biomethane 132 TJ/a with upside potential! 20
Requirements for Biomethane: meeting natural gas quality (ÖVGW RL G33) assure that the quantity produced can be injected into the grid make sure that the residues after fermentation can be used as fertilizer (quality, regional laws and regulations) and if not, have an alternative concept (e.g. combustion) long term contract for gas sale (e.g. fueling station) 21
Biomethane to grid as a vehicles fuel, facts and requirements in Austria Parameter (examples) Biogas (= raw gas) from plant typicaly Biomethane to grid (ÖVGW G33) methapur (Biomethane stand alone) Min. legal quality for CNG as fuel in Austria lt. Kraftstoff-VO BGBL 417/04 Relative density - 0,55-0,65 0,5-0,7 0,55-0,7 Methan 50-70 % > 96% > 95% No value Carbondioxid 26-5 0% < 3% < 5% No value Calorific Value - Wobbe Index - 10,7-12,8 kwh/m3 13,33-15,7 kwh/m3 - - 30,2-47,2 MJ (8,4-13,1 kwh/m3) 46,1-56,6 MJ (12,8 15,7 kwh/m³) H2S 500-2000 ppm < 5mg/m3 < 10 ppm No value Oxygen (02) < 3% < 0,5% < 1% No value Source: OMV Gas&Power 22
Double tracked concept for the plant in Graz: biowaste fermenter biomethane waste water treatment gas cleaning gaspipe CNG fuelling station impacted biowaste fermenter 23
The Swedish example as role model. Biomethane for NGVs in Sweden gas consumptio on of NGVs Mio m³/ /a 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Nat.G as B iomethane total 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 24
Thank you for your attention! 25