The Trias energetica An integrated design approach Ing. Ad van der Aa Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers 4 th Annex 44 Forum / TORINO / 29 march 2006
Installation concept heat pump + HE-boiler + ground storage for heating, cooling and DHW HE gasfired boiler DHW Heatpump 70C 18-35C -25m -250 m Ground storage
Installation scheme for heating cv klep Temp dwelling G klep anti-pendel vat pomp ontluchting/expansie energie meting fql Vloerverwarming wp E warmtewisselaar K W warmte/koude-opslag Requirements Thermal insulation of dwelling Solar energy optimisation Partition in power heatpomp versus gas boiler Delivery system Distribution system Buffering Temperature ranges Yearly balance in ground storage
Installation scheme for cooling Temp dwelling klep pomp fql Energiemeting Vloerkoeling warmtewisselaar warmte/koude-opslag K W Requirements Thermal insulation of dwelling Solar energy reduction Delivery system Distribution system Temperature ranges Yearly balance in ground storage
Installation scheme for DHW cv G boilervat pomp energie meting dwelling fql wp E warmtewisselaar koud tapwater Requirements Temp Partition in power heatpomp versus gas boiler Distribution system Buffering Minimum temperature K W Yearly balance in ground storage warmte/koude-opslag
From component to concept Building Thermal insulation R c -facade, roof, floor U window, U glass Air tightness q v;10, n 50 Orientation Sun optimal Solar shading Thermal mass Ventilation Natural Mechanical Demand controlled Heat recovery Night ventilation Openable windows Installations heating, cooling DHW Gas fired boiler High temperature Radiators, convectors Low temperature Floor heating Heat pump storage District heating HPC DHW Cooling Solar collector Controls and metering Buffering Distribution
Integrated sustainable design?
Trias energetica Thermal insulation, air tightness, heat recovery STEP 1: Reduction of energy demands Energy demand STEP 2: Apply renewable energy Sun, heat pump, wind, biomass STEP 3:Efficient conversion fossil techniques HE-boiler, transport HE- lighting
INTEGRAL APPROACH Comfort Health Energy Trias-energetica II Maximalisatie aandeel Duurzame Energie ENERGIEVRAAG I Beperk de energievraag III Gebruik fossiele brandstoffen zo efficiënt mogelijk - Load- Time curve - Heat load - Cooling load Distribution Control system Heat pump Ground storage Investment Total-concept Exploitation Building system Installation system Storage system
STEP 1 Reduction of demands - Load- Time curve - Heating load - Cooling load Distribution Controls Heat pump Ground storage Yearly simulation curve Load-duration duration curve Power [kw] 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0-500 -1000-1500 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Power [kw] 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0-500 -1000-1500 Reference HR+ HR++ / HR-WTW 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 time [h] time [h]
STEP 2+3 Deployment of SE + efficient generation of fossil - Load- Time curve - Heating load - Cooling load Distribution Controls Heat pump Ground storage 100% Energy contribution 0 100% HP power part
Design goals Energy use CO 2 -reduction Comfort requirements Calculate load-duration curve Heating Cooling STEP 1 TRIAS Reduction of heating and cooling gains STEP 2 TRIAS Determine amount of applicable sustainable energy benefit benefit cost STEP 3 TRIAS Determine heating and cooling installations Calculation of energy Energy use Energy performance Reduction of CO 2 Calculation of costs Investment Performance spec s Building physics Installations Storage system Exploitation Energy costs cost
Cost-benefit in practice STEP 1 Buildings (Passiv house concept) STEP 2 Buildings (SE installations) / energy / CO 2 Step 2 Step 1 Step 3 Installations Building Step 2/3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 3
Toolkit 120 concepts for 4 dwelling types Book Electronic tool http://www.toolkitduurzamewoningbouw.nl
Toolkit book Description of the project Selling points Characteristics of dwelling with quality profile Location characteristics Dwelling characteristics Energetic characteristics Why to apply this concept? The organisational approach External influences Costs and benefits Participating partners Sources for more information
Ideal load-duration curve power Reduction of heat load Increase of dead band Reduction of cooling load hours
Responsive building elements Responsive thermal insulation Thermal mass activation Long time storage
Classification of RBE s Heat flux related RBE s Ventilation related RBE s Energy storage related RBE s
Energy storage related RBE s Short term storage (hourly basis) Medium term storage (weekly/monthly basis) Long term storage (yearly basis)
Characteristics of energy storage
Effects of thermal mass on LD-curve
Trias Energetica with RBE 1. Reduce the energy demand, by applying energy reducing measures (thermal insulation, air tightness, heat recovery) 1½. Apply Responsive building elements 2. Use as much sustainable energy sources as possible for the generation of energy (solar, free cooling, ground storage+heat pump, wind, biomass ) 3. Apply fossil fuels as efficient as possible (high efficient gas boilers, high efficient lighting, efficient transport)