Circular Economy and Energy Union Dr. Ella Stengler CEWEP Managing Director 16 June 2016, Rotterdam 8 th CEWEP Waste-to-Energy Congress 2016 1
Members
CEWEP Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants CEWEP is the European umbrella association of the owners and operators of Waste-to-Energy Plants. Representing about 390 plants in 22 countries with a capacity of ca. 73 million tonnes. Waste-to-Energy Creating reliable and cost-effective energy from citizens waste Alkmaar WtE plant, the Netherlands
Waste-to-Energy Plants in Europe 2014 Waste-to-Energy Plants operating in Europe (not including hazardous waste incineration Plants) Waste thermally treated in Waste-to-Energy Plants in million tonnes Norway 17 1.58 Sweden 33 5.7 Finland 9 1.2 Estonia 1 0.22 Latvia Data supplied by CEWEP members and national sources * Includes plant in Andorra Ireland 1 0.22 Denmark 26 3.5 United Kingdom 32 7.9 Netherlands 12 7.6 Belgium 18 3.3 France 126 14.7 Luxembourg 1 0.13 Germany 99 25 Switzerland 30 3.8 Poland 1 0.04 Lithuania 1 0.14 Czech Republic 3 0.64 Slovakia Austria 2 0.19 11 2.4 Slovenia Hungary 1 0.38 Romania Portugal 3 0.97 Spain* 12 2.5 Italy 44 6.3 Croatia Greece Bulgaria info@cewep.eu www.cewep.eu
European Waste Import/Export to WtE Plants Import Belgium Denmark 324,000 t (2015) Finland Export 146,526 t including RDF 45,000 t (2014) to Sweden, Estonia and Germany Germany 1.3 million t (2014) 39% from the UK Italy 182,000 t (2014) Municipal Waste 298,000 t non-hazardous special waste 70,000 t hazardous waste mainly to Germany (2013) Netherlands 1.6 million t (2014) ca. 300,000 t to Germany Norway 59,000 104,000 t RDF (2014/15) 700,000 t (2014) to Sweden Sweden UK + Ireland 1.4 million t 700,000 t (2014) from Norway 680,000 t (2014) from UK/Ireland 20,000 t (2014) from Finland 2.94 million t (2015) RDF to NL, DE, SE 648,629 t (2014) from Ireland
Municipal Waste (MW) statistics with Circular Economy Targets 2030 based on EUROSTAT 2014 Landfilling 17.1 Mt 7% 3.1 Mt 2% of which is rejected and sent to Landfilling MW 240.9 Mtonnes 65% 156.6 Mt Recycling + Composting 12.5 Mt 8% 28% of which is rejected and sent to WtE 67.2 Mt Waste-to- Energy Assumptions: Preparing for Re-use and Recycling: 65% of municipal waste (MW) generated, of which: 8% is rejected and goes to WtE 2% is rejected and goes to landfills Member States (MS) with landfill ban or high landfill taxes will not send rejects from recycling to landfill, only MS using the 10% landfill cap will probably do so. Landfill: Max. 10% of MW generated: Assumption: 10% if landfill rate is >10% in 2014 MS s real landfill rate of 2013 if 10% in 2014 AVERAGE 7% Waste-to-Energy: Remaining MW AVERAGE 28% WtE capacity need for MW in 2030 if targets applied: 79.7 Mtonnes 2014 available WtE Capacity for MW according to EUROSTAT: 64.4 Mtonnes Attention: Input to WtE is not only MW, but also Commercial&Industrial waste
Municipal waste treatment in 2014 EU 28 + Switzerland, Norway and Iceland 100% 90% 25% 37% 33% 30% 32% 33% 31% 31% 80% 39% 40% 44% 44% 47% 45% 46% 50% 51% 55% 70% 58% 61% 64% 19% 10% 9% 60% 21% 15% 12% 7 MS landfill < 10% 50% 18% 35% 21% 27% 50% 27% 40% 56% 35% 30% 20% 10% 0% 13 MS landfill < 60% 49% 53% 55% 59% 60% 54% 56% 50% 48% 44% 38% 39% 42% 35% 34% 28% 26% 28% 17% 18% 8% 4% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 12% 19% 16% 12% 8% 17% 25% 25% 12% 2% 2% 8 MS landfill > 60% 88% 92% 81% 82% 83% 74% 75% 76% Recycling + composting Incineration Landfill 54% 46% 43% 45% 6% 54% 49% 3% *: 2013 data
Municipal waste treatment in 2014 & Waste generation per capita EU 28 + Switzerland, Norway and Iceland (kg/capita) 800 758 730 700 600 618 336 566 616 586 617 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 474 206 127 132 438 435 218 239 527 268 394 217 195 251 215 412 357 112 169 206 3 4 8 9 10 23 23 482 319 157 241 432 156 1 288 199 217 178 509 482 211 128 272 87 41 488 207 84 101 110 131 134 143 154 310 79 94 57 254 34 5 321 33 35 385 118 38 453 138 214 435 433 142 132 94 93 54 38 281 23 174 175 214 221 222 223 240 255 258 442 387 102 64 7 1 307 309 509 98 411 109 391 64 5 2 467 478 339 423 345 178 155 20 224 170 12 Landfill Incineration Recycling and Composting Waste generated
Municipal waste treatment in 2004-2014 EU 28 kg per capita 550 511 515 521 523 520 511 503 496 500 485 477 474 450 400 350 156 164 171 182 189 191 193 197 201 201 206 300 250 200 90 97 103 104 109 111 113 119 118 123 127 150 100 50 239 221 220 215 202 195 185 169 Landfill Incineration Recycling + composting Waste generated 154 143 132 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Municipal waste treatment in 2004-2014 EU 28 100% 265,000 90% 80% 32% 34% 35% 36% 38% 39% 39% 41% 43% 43% 44% 260,000 70% 255,000 60% 50% 40% 19% 20% 21% 21% 22% 22% 23% 25% 25% 26% 27% 250,000 245,000 30% 20% 10% 49% 46% 44% 43% 40% 39% 38% 35% 32% 31% 28% 240,000 235,000 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Landfill Incineration Recycling + composting Total waste generation (k tonnes) 230,000
supplying 17 million inhabitants 88 million tonnes of residual waste in Europe supplying 15 million inhabitants 38 88 billion kwh heat 9 48 million tonnes of fossil fuels Year 2014
Waste-to-Energy as part of Circular Economy & Energy Union Diverting waste from landfills Local, cost-effective, secure energy Circular Economy Quality Recycling Waste-to-Energy Energy Efficiency Energy Union Sink for pollutants Replacing fossil fuels with Renewables
Sustainable Energy from Waste-to-Energy: Potential for 2030 Based on Circular Economy targets for MW (Municipal Waste (Dec 2015): Reuse + Recycling: 65% by 2030 Landfill: maximum 10% by 2030 Residual MW to WtE + residual Commercial&Industrial (C&I)waste Potentially producing 189 TWh of secure energy from MW and C&I waste Which would replace 10% of the energy supplied by the coal sector* *Heat Roadmap Europe 2050 (Second pre-study for the EU27), May 2013
Energy Union synergy with Circular Economy The European Commission s Energy Union Strategy (February 2015) announces to: further establish synergies between energy efficiency policies, resource efficiency policies and the circular economy. This will include exploiting the potential of "waste to energy". Commission will publish WtE Communication in 2016 Malmö Waste-to-Energy plant, Sweden Brescia Waste-to-Energy plant, Italy
CEWEP Recommendations for WtE Communication Boost Energy Efficiency Synergies with existing and further exploitation of District Heating/Cooling systems and industrial heat use (low hanging fruits) Grid access: WtE should not be put at disadvantage in comparison to intermittent renewable energy sources (double task of WtE plants to treat the waste in an environmentally sound way makes it difficult to stop the plant during peak energy supply from other sources) WtE s sanitary task is to keep the environment clean, destroy pollutants and protect human health Better waste management Diverting waste from landfills to quality recycling and WtE Use existing waste treatment capacities (LCA analysis) and develop new treatment options where necessary Emerging technologies are only an option for waste treatment once they have been proven at industrial scale. WtE residues management (Bottom Ash: metal recycling and recovery of aggregates).
Recycling valuable metals from Waste-to-Energy bottom ash Ferrous and non-ferrous metals can be extracted and recycled into new products, e.g. aluminium castings for the automotive industry. Minerals can be used as secondary aggregates, e.g. in road construction or in building products. Waste-to-Energy Plants contribute to achieving a recycling society and to improving Europe s Resource Efficiency, by using unavoidable waste as a valuable resource wherever possible.
Common statement on metal recycling from bottom ash
CEWEP Policy Recommendations Uniting the Circular Economy and Energy Union goals Taking a holistic approach Considering the role of WtE in integrated systems, providing Affordable and secure energy Reducing Europe s dependence on fossil fuel imports Saving Greenhouse gas emissions and helping Doel Waste-to-Energy plant, Belgium Quality Recycling by treating the waste not suitable for sustainable recycling Diverting waste from landfills All in respect of the waste hierarchy! Exploring also potenital of C & I waste, not only municipal waste
Thank you for your attention! For more information: Torino Waste-to-Energy plant, Italy CEWEP Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants Avenue de Tervuren 113, B-1000 Brussels ella.stengler@cewep.eu Tel. +32 2 770 63 11 www.cewep.eu info@cewep.eu Karanoveren Waste-to-Energy plant, Denmark