Road Transport Scenario The following scenario can be given: (ref. FREDI rapport 2 and 3): We assume here a full chain with a consignor/consignee, a forwarder, at least two carriers ( 2) and at least one terminal ( 1). The forwarder has in this scenario the director s role. This role also shows up in the rail and inland waterway scenario s. We will detail the role here and refer to this part in the other scenario s. Of course roles may coincide within the organisation. The chain give here is a medium complex version. Simplified versions of road traffic chains are also possible, even without the exchange at a terminal. Preamble: (outside the actual transport scenario) The consignee or receiver orders goods by the consignor or carrier. Based upon the conditions in the invoice the bank draws up a Letter of Credit (L/C) for the consignee and sends this to the bank of the consignor. This bank advises the consignor/carrier about the conditions in the contract and the L/C. (Function F?) (end preamble) If the consignor/carrier agrees (with the conditions in the L/C) he gives the forwarder the order to take care of the transport. This transport order describes when and where the goods can be picked up and have to be delivered P1.F1 Transport Order Issuing, message transport instruction IFTMIN of booking IFTMBP/BF van P1.F1 -> P2.F3 The forwarder receives this instruction or booking and starts planning the transport. He splits the entire route (journey) in a number of visits and trips according to the following scheme: Tour Trip Visit Trip Visit Trip Visit Trip Place of departure Loading/ delivery location Loading/ delivery location Loading/ delivery location Place of arrival Journey This splitting process is described in the function: P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution For each trip the modality will be determined and in the case of road transport a carrier will be chosen. Also the exchange terminals will be chosen. The knowledge and experience in the selected of the suitable carriers represents the addition value of the forwarder.
For every trip the selected carrier (ITMO or agent) will be send a transport instruction. P2. F3 Order Planning and Execution, message IFTMIN, P2.F3 => P3.F5 This instruction is in format and content a pick-up delivery list. The message can contain in the BGM segment an original instruction, an indication or a cancellation. This booking will be received by the carrier in his Dynamic Dispatching Process, F5. P3. F5 Order Planning and Execution, received message IFTMIN, P2.F3 => P3.F5 The carrier sends as conformation a booking confirmation message (IFTMBC) back to the forwarder by which the status of the transport agreement will be passed trough. In certain circumstances two IFTMIN s will send off. The one first will globally indicate the sort UTI (dimensions, weight etc) and a very global good description. In the second message then the actual container (UTI) a number will be given with the exact weight etc. The forwarder selects also the exchange terminal(s) and announces the visits through a "announce bringing" message (with containers COPINO bring) the expected arrival of the pre-transport with name, container number and consignment description. Also for the post-transport an announcement message will be (COPINO pick up) sent to the terminal. P9. F18 Transport Centre Operator Function (general) With import or export the announcement will have to be sent to the customs: P6.F14 Authorities, function Customs Clearance For dangerous goods an announcement to the authorities will be needed: P6.F11 Authorities, Function Traffic Control of F12 Technical Inspection In principle the forwarder waits until he has received a conformation for all trips. In some detailed scenario's the consignor/consignor can be informed about this progress. At the carrier a trip/tour planning will be carried out based upon the received messages. P3.F6 Carrier Trip Tour planning This planning interacts with the dispatching process (P3,P5). The carrier plans for a truck an entire tour where the separate journeys for the different consignments are combined into one tour for the driver with the truck. For UTI transport the complete tour will usually be relative simple and will also contain the transport of the equipment. In this way the model is also valid for sub-consignments like pallets, parcels etc.
This activity results in a pick-up & delivery list where for every pick-up and delivery location the individual consignments number will be listed. Information of a Traffic Information Centre can be used. P7.F10 Traffic Information Centre, function Traffic Information (usually an independent institute) and/or of the P6.F11 Traffic Control Authorities (the government institutions like police). Especially by trips for dangerous goods this institutions will have to be informed. When the truck is on route the carrier communicates with the vehicle and the driver (P4,F8) (P5. F15). The truck can be provided with GPS and satellite and/or mobile communication. P4.F8 The vehicle executes the Trip/Tour execution function. Physical Transport Process: Vehicle en UTI displacement Monitoring and control functions are here: P5.F16 the vehicle P4.F9 the driver P3.F7 the office of the carrier The last function can be carried out at vehicle as well at fleet level. For communication between carrier and vehicle a few so-called mobile EDI messages are developed. See the information streams for these message descriptions. Transport Status exchange: Between client and forwarder and between forwarder and carrier the current transport status information can be exchanged. In principle two approaches are possible: answer on a request or a kind off interrupt/exception when a delay takes place. In the first case the applicant sends a status request message (IFTSTQ) and receives as answer an IFTSTA with the last known/observed position of the UTI. In the second case with the automatic tracking and tracing of the road transport in place, a so-called alarm message can be generated when of a deviation of the planned traffic occurs and this will be send to the client or forwarder. This message has also the format of an IFSTA message but is sent without a matching request. Also gate-in and gate-out announcements from the terminal to the carrier or forwarder or client can be recorded in IFTSTA messages and used as status information. Physical Transport Process: Passage of gate Through a series mobile EDI messages both at consignment level and at of the trip/tour planning level, modification messages can be sent to the driver when the truck is on his way. Progress reporting by the truck to the office of the carrier is also possible through short mobile EDI messages. The messages about the transport status come from the carrier or the terminal. They reach the forwarder and eventually the consignor/consignor: P2.F4 Forwarder Function Order Control P1.F2 Consignor/consignor Function Shipment Progress Control
Rail transport Scenario The next scenario takes place : Preamble: (outside the actual transport scenario) The consignee or receiver places an order for goods at the consignor or consignor. With the conditions on the invoice as basis the bank draws up of the consignee draws up a Letter of Credit (L/C) and sends this to the bank of the consignor. The L/C advises the consignor/consignor with regard to the conditions in the contract and the L/C. (Function F?) (end preamble) When the consignor agrees (with the conditions in the L/C.) he gives the forwarder the order/instruction to take up the transport. This transport instruction determines where and when the goods can be picked and have to be delivered. P1. F1: transport Order Issuing, message transport instruction IFTMIN of booking IFTMBP p1.f1=> P2.F3 It is the task of the forwarder to arrange the transport in on behalf of the consignor. When the forwarder accepts the transport instruction, he confirms the acceptation back to the consignor. P2. F1: Transport Order Issuing, message booking confirm IFTMBC P2.F3 => P1.F1 The forwarder arranges the rail transport, the pre-transport to the loading terminal and the transport over the railway to the unloading terminal. The forwarder chooses on the basis of train schedules shuttles or normal freight-trains. This splitting process is: P2. F3 Order Planning and Execution After that he sends a Booking Provisional Message (IFTMBP) to the concerning (Rail) agent (operator). In this instruction the kind off cargo (container size and weight e.g.) the destination, the requested transport capacity on the train will be given. P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution, booking rail trip message IFTMBP sent P2.F3=>P5.F3 The rail agent stores this message, the booking registration gets it's first official processing status (and booking number). P5.F3 Order Planning and Execution, IFTMBP received After an internal evaluation by the agent, where for example the availability of space on the actual train or equipment (wagons) is investigated, the next internal status can be "reservation" also called "transaction on hold". In the last case for example a waiting list could be maintained. If the order can be accepted, the forwarder receives a booking confirmation (message IFTMBC) with in the first case status "accepted" and in the second case "on hold" or "rejected". In the later case an (other) booking provisional will have to be sent later. P5.F3 Order Planning and Execution, IFTMBC sent P5.F3 => P2.F3 If accepted" the forwarder sends a booking firm (message IFTMBF). The reservation has become a fact and a later cancellation can have a financial consequense. P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution, IFTMBF sent P5.F3 => P2.F3
In the second case the forwarder has two possibilities: he sends the same message as Booking Firm as answer or sends a "Booking firm as cancellation", which indicates that a full new booking cycle should begin. After course of time the client sends (through the forwarder) a Transport Instruction (message IFTMIN) to the railway Agent as a final order with all details, like the equipment number of the container or swap body. P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution, IFTMIN received and sent to railway agent P2.F3 => P5.F3 After internal evaluation by the agent a contract status message will have to be sent back, once more with the status or "accepted" or "rejected". P5.F3 Order Planning and Execution, IFTMCS sent, P5.F3 => P2.F3 The forwarder will also arrange the pre-transport to the departure terminal and post-transport from the arrival terminal. In general he will have to turn for each part to a carrier (carrier/fleet manager) and he will have to send both a transport instruction (message IFTMIN). (see also the road transport description for details of this part). P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution, IFTMIN sent P2.F3 => P5.F3 By large terminals pre-announcement will be stimulated. In this case the forwarder will have to send pre- arrival notice. (i.e. COPINO bring) to the arrival terminal. P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution, COPINO bring sent P2.F3 => P9.XX Physical action : road carrier executes transport from consignor to departure terminal Physical action : gate passage departure terminal Physical action :exchange on wagon at departure terminal Physical action : transport by rail to arrival terminal Physical action : exchange at arrival terminal Physical action : gate passage arrival terminal Physical action : road carrier executes transport from arrival terminal to consignee Transport-Status exchange Between client and forwarder and between forwarder and agent information can be exchanged over the actual transport status. In principle two approaches are possible : answer on a request or as a kind off interrupt/exception when a delay appears. In the first case the applicant sends a status request message (IFTSTQ) and receives as answer an IFTSTA with the last known/observed position of the UTI. P2.F215, Forwarder IFTSTQ received P2.F3 => P5.F3 P5.F215, Railway Agent IFTSTA sent, P5.F3 => P2.F3 When automatic tracking and tracing of the railway part is in place a so-called alarm message will be generated when a deviation of the planed transport occurs and this is sent to the client and forwarder. This message also has the format of the IFTSTA, but without a matching request.
Also the gate -in and gate -out event messages from the terminal to the carrier, the forwarder or the client can be recorded in IFTSTA messages and used as status information. P2.F4 Forwarder Function Order Control P1.F2 Consignor/consignor Function Shipment Progress Control Remark: In a simplified case the consignor can interact directly with the railway agent without interference of the forwarder.
Maritime/waterborne Scenario The following scenario is executed: (ref. Dilemma's page 42) Preamble: (actually outside the transport scenario) The consignee or receiver places an order for goods at the consignor (1). With the conditions on the invoice as basis the bank of the consignee draws up a Letter of Credit (L/C) and sends it to the bank of the consignor. This bank advises the consignor/carrier with regard to the conditions in the contract and the L/C (3). (end preamble) If the consignor agrees with the conditions in the L/C, he gives the forwarder the order to take care of the transport. This transport message contains when and where the goods can be picked up and when and where they have to be delivered. P1.F1 Transport Order Issuing, message transport instruction IFTMIN of booking IFTMBP/BF van P1.F1 -> P2.F3 It is the task of the forwarder to arrange the transport by name of the consignor. If the forwarder accepts the transport message, he arranges the transport to the loading harbour, the transport over water to the port discharge. P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution First the forwarder chooses a ship on the basis of navigation schedules and books loading-space on a ship with a suitable departure date by the relevant agent/ship-broker. P2. F3 Order Planning and Execution, message IFTMIN, P2.F3 => P3.F5 When the agent/ship-broker accepts the booking, he receives subsequently a "Shipping Instruction". The Shipping Instruction contains the information of the transport message (eventually with data of the ship), where the goods, according to the message of the forwarder, will have to be loaded and the name of the terminal operator(3). As soon as the ship-space is booked, the load has to be insured before the goods can be set on transport. The forwarder sends the necessary data to the insurance company and receives the policy. Furthermore: the forwarder gives a pre-carrier the order to transport the load from the consignor to the terminal of the relevant terminal operator in the loading harbour. P2. F3 Order Planning and Execution, message IFTMIN, P2.F3 => P3.F5 The pre -carrier informs the forwarder as soon as the load is delivered by the terminal operator(5). After the pre-transport is arranged, the forwarder informs the terminal operator about the exact time, when the goods will be arriving on his terminal. P2.F3 Order Planning and Execution, COPINO sent P2.F3 => P9.XX P9. F18 Transport Centre Operator Function (general) When the goods arrive on the terminal, the terminal operator confirms the receipt to the forwarder.
Status message The receipt of "pre-arrival notification" is a condition for the terminal operator, to receive the goods(6). In case of export there has a declaration to the customs to be sent, before the goods are allowed to be loaded on the ship. For the customs the forwarder is responsible for the declaration. The forwarder asks for permission for the export of the goods by an "export declaration"(7). P6.F14 Authorities, function Customs Clearance The agent/ship-broker plays the role of a marketing/selling organisation on behalf of the shipping-company. An agent/ship-broker has a contract with one or more shipping-companies for the winning of tranship cargo for ships of these shipping-companies. In the mean while, after he has accepted the booking and the shipping instruction, the agent sends loading instructions for the ship to the terminal operator. Which message Bay Plan? When the ship arrives the one, responsible for the loading of ships (shipper/terminal operator or stevedore), loads the goods on board of the ship according to the loading instructions. After the goods are loaded on board, the stevedore confirms this by sending a loading report with all relevant information on the load included, to the agent/ship-broker (9). On the basis of the data the loading report the agent drafts up a Bill of Lading (B/L) for the forwarder. The B/L contains information about the goods, which actually are loaded on board. Details on the loading will be copied of the loading report (10). Loading report which message? Further the agent has to rapport to the shipping-company the customs and to the owner of the ship. With the manifest the shipping-company can see which goods actually are loaded on board of the ship(11). The customs can control which goods ultimately have left on the basis of a copy of the manifest(13). Reporting: which message? After the goods are loaded on board, the forwarder receives a B/L of the agent(10). The B/L contains information, taken over the shipping instruction on the goods, which actually are loaded on board and information on the ship, in which the goods are loaded. This information will be taken over to the loading report. The original B/L will be sent to the consignor and the forwarder in the port of discharge(10c). The Declaration Dangerous Goods and the Declaration for Harbour-fees to the Harbour authorities and the ETA (estimated time of arrival) mention by the harbour master are prescribed messages by the harbour authorities (18,19). P6.FXX Authorities, function Harbour Authority
P6.F14 Authorities, function Customs Clearance P6.F11 Authorities, Function Traffic Control of F12 Technical Inspection Importing of goods in the harbour of discharge is more or less the opposite of exports from the loading-harbour. After the ship is arrived and unloaded is about the arrival is informed, the receiver and the goods are handed over to him in exchange for the original B/L (10,15).
Intermodal Terminal Scenario In this scenario the EDIFACT messages will be taken as reference to describe what globally the contents of the message will be. The terminal scenario will of course link to the steps in the presented scenario's of the transport chains for the three modalities. In every scenario the communication with the P9 the intermodal Transport Centre Operator shows up. This forms the connection to the activities of the terminal which will be detailed here. The next scenario takes place : (ref. Ediland scenario) When the depot at the transport centre delivers an empty container the first message will be from outside to request the release empty container to the depot. This message will come from a forwarder or from a railway agent or a shipbroker. ==> P9.F1.1 Terminal. Order Planning & execution: received message COPARN After the receipt of this message the terminal operator will plan the inter terminal transport of an empty container from the depot to the output-stack of the required modality. Both depot as well the stack control is here involved. For example by road traffic to the Road Stack Out. P9.F1.2 Preparation + P9.F3.X Inter-Terminal transport + P9.F2.1 Depot control exit + P9.F2.2.X Stack control The point of time and the type of the container can already be included in the COPARN message. If not then in a later moment a transport instruction will be needed with these details and where the time of arrival of the pick-up truck of the empty container has to be given. The transport message which the forwarder will send to the carrier contains information about when and where the empty container has to be picked up. The terminal will need a copy of this message. Another variant is that the forwarder sends the terminal a pre-announcement pick up for the empty container. ==> P9.F1.1 Terminal Order P&E : received message COPINO pick-up When the carrier reports at the gate (gate-in signalling) he is already announced and after the identification the container will be loaded (with check on possible damage) and the gate will be left. Gate-out signalling. P9.F3.X.2 Monitoring =>Forwarder/RW operator/ship-broker: message CODECO gate-out Physical action : road carrier shows up at the road-gate Physical action: Road carrier loads empty container? Through crane? Physical action : Road carrier leaves terminal with empty container through road gate-out Further for full containers the next scenario takes place: The terminal receives from outside (Forwarder, Railway Operator or Shipbroker) the announcement of arrival of a full container. This message mentions the required transhipment to one of the departure transport modes. This message has to arrive early before the actual transport by the carrier begins.
==>P9.F1.1 Terminal Order P&E : received message COPARN After receipt of this message the terminal operator plans an inter terminal transport for this container from an input stack to the output stack of the required modality. The input as well as the output stack management are here involved. P9.F1.2 Preparation + P9.F3.X Inter Terminal transport + P9.F2.2.X Stack Control input + P9.F2.2.X Stack control output The point of time itself and the type of the container can already be included in the COPARN message. If not then at a later moment these details together with arrival of the vehicle that the empty container picks-up will have to be given The forwarder/rw operator/ship-broker sends the terminal the announcement of delivery of the container. ==> P9.F1.1 Terminal Order P&E : received message COPINO deliver The unloading will have to be planned. P9.F1.3.2 Terminal Order P&E, Unloading preparation When the carrier reports to the gate (gate-in signalling) Physical Action : carrier reports at road-gate in P9.F3.X.2 Monitoring =>Forwarder/RW operator/ship-broker :message CODECO gate-in After the announcement and after identification the container can be loaded (with check on possible damage). After that the carrier can leave the terminal through the output gate. (Gate-out signalling is possible) Physical Action : container is unloaded Physical Action : container is placed on mode- input stack P9.F3.X.2 Monitoring =>Forwarder/RW operator/ship-broker message CODECO gate-out The container is now delivered on the right input stack. Through the already planned stack control and inter-terminal transport actions this will be transhipped to the required output stack. The transhipment takes place through the output gate of the departure modalities. By railway and inlandwaterways this will lead to messages to the crane. P9.F1.3.2 Terminal Order P&E, (Un)loading preparation Physical Action : container is displaced to mode- output stack Physical Action : container is displaced from mode- input stack via mode gate-out loaded op departing vehicle/train/boot. The control of these actions takes place through the monitor functions. The messages are identical to the downloading of the container, but now it is the departure part of the chain.
Summarising the messages deliveries the assignments to carry out the major sub-functions and the reporting on the observed events. action description from to EDIFACT no 1 message exempt from empty shipping-trade or RW agent 2 acceptation container message forwarder of shipbroker of RW agent depot terminal COPARN IFTMIN (REQ) COPARN (ACC) 3 picking up announcement inland carrier depot COPINO PICK UP 4 report. delivery gate out terminal/ depot Ship-broker/ agent CODECO of inland carrier 5 Announce bringing inland carrier terminal COPINO BRINGING 6 report Delivery Gate -in terminal Ship-broker agent CODECO 7 message exempt from full forwarder or shipbroker terminal COREOR or RW agent 8 Announce bringing inland carrier terminal COPINO BRINGING ( shipping-broker) 9 Report Delivery Gate out terminal shipping-trade CODECO (inland carrier) 10 Report Delivery Gate in terminal shippingtrade(inland carrier) CODECO