Operational LTO Emission Calculation Platzhalterbild 1/1 Breite Emanuel Fleuti Head of Environment Zurich Airport 09/2015
Outline 1. Landing and Take-off Cycle 2. Performance-based modelling 3. Challenges into the future 2 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Aviation and Air Quality Emissions Dispersion Concentrations Impacts # # Aviation Emissions Source specific emission inventory (NOx, PM, HC, CO) Near field ambient concentrations Dispersion Model Meteorology Topography Chemical reactions Local ambient total concentrations Source specific modelled concentrations (NO 2, PM2.5, O 3 ) Other Emissions Regional ambient total concentrations Impacts Total measured Individually modelled 3 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
LTO and «rest of flight» The effects are not the same: local effects within a certain area around the airport and global effects in total. General distinction between local and global scale Stratosphere (from FL350 up) Tropopause (FL250 FL350*) Troposphere (up to FL250*): background scatter effects LTO-perimeter (up to 3,000 ft agl*): limited impact effects Near ground layer (0-1,000 ft agl): Emissions are directly impact relevant *varies seasonally and geographically 4 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Landing and take-off-cycle: Certification Perimeter for local considerations: LTO-Cycle (all movements below 3000 ft (approx 915 m) Source: IPCC, 1999 Operating Mode Thrust setting Time in operating mode (min) Take-off 100 % F oo 0.7 Climb-out 85 % F oo 2.2 Approach 30 % F oo 4.0 Taxi/ground idle 7 % F oo 26.0 5 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Landing and take-off-cycle: Performance Same perimeter for local considerations (0-3,000 ft), but: 10 instead of 4 flight segments Thrust and time in mode variable instead of fixed (ambient influence) Change from spreadsheet calculation to modelling 6 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy Source: CAEP WG2/TG4, 2006 Operating Mode Thrust setting Time in operating mode (min) A-F: Departing aircraft (6 segments) G-J: Arriving aircraft (4 segments variable Variable variable variable Source: ICAO Doc 9889
Performance-based LTO-modeling (ADAECAM) ICAO-EEDB Likely mass for individual destination Pre-modelled 27 aircraft flight profiles (PIANO) Ambient conditions Ambient conditions and forward speed correction NOx (BFFM2), CO, HC, CO 2, H 2 O, SOx, PM Advanced Aircraft Emission Calculation Method 7 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Performance-based LTO-modeling (ADAECAM) Thrust setting per LTO-segment B: 7% D: 75% / 85% / 95% (weight dependant) E: 75% / 85% / 95% (weight dependant) F: 65% / 75% / 85% (weight dependant) G: 30% H: 7% I: 7% 8 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Integration in LAQ Model (LASPORT) Mapping individual aircraft movement to profile-aircraft ( model internal-mapping table) ICAO-engine UID ( airport-database) Obtaining individual flight distance (for departures) ambient conditions (p-t-h) 9 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Approach with limited data Performance based modelling is also possible with less detailed information: Aircraft groups (e.g. large, medium, small, regional) instead of flight schedule Scenario based modelling vs monitor modelling 10 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Relevance of performance based calculation Zurich Airport, 2008 data, LTO-cycle, monitor calculation 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 NOx HC CO PM Fuel (1000x) Certification LTO -25% -36% 4% -30% -34% Performance LTO 11 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Future challenges (1) Certification-based emission calculation is standardised; performance-based is not. How well do the various performance-based models correspond (CAEPport study in 2008)? 12 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Future challenges (2) How can the vertical integration from LTOcalculations to cruisecalculations be improved? e.g. AEM with BADA «Ground-to-ground» model? e.g. LASPORT with ADAECAM 13 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Future challenges (3) How can performance models be further developed in order to capture new aircraft types and flight profiles? 14 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Future challenges (4) How will the new nvp# data be implemented into inventories? 15 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy
Questions? http://forums.pelicanparts.com/off-topic-discussions/391522-random-transportation-pictures-5.html 16 09/2015 Forum-AE, WS Inventroy