www.training.com Operations & Maintenance (OSHA Class III) Asbestos Training Course What questions will be answered? What is? Serpentine Chrysotile Where is found? How is used? Is banned? P.1 www.training.com Characteristics & Uses Section 1 SOME FACTS ABOUT ASBESTOS Used in over 3000 commercial products Extremely long, thin flexible fibers that can be woven Resistance to chemical and thermal degradation High tensile strength High electrical resistance Fire resistant Good insulator SAMPLE Asbestos minerals Amosite Amphiboles Tremolite P.1 Crocidolite Actinolite Anthophylite P.2 P.3 1
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 31 Worldwide Asbestos Production 109 193 Worldwide Asbestos Production (thousands of metric tons) 338 574 1,292 2,214 0 1900191019201930194019501960197019801990200020092010 3,494 Asbestos Consuming Countries 4,699 4,014 Asbestos Uses 2,110 2,000 1,970 P.4 World Asbestos Consumption 2007 (thousands of metric tons) China=626 India=302 Russia=280 Kazakhstan=109 Brazil=93.8 Thailand=86.5 Uzbekistan=86.5 Ukraine=86.5 Asbestos-Containing Building Material ACM on interior or other parts of school Presumed ACM Definition can mislead, OSHA requires due diligence P.4 Cement Pipes Construction Mastics Asbestos Producing Countries Cement Wallboard Asbestos Uses Asbestos Containing Material Usually more than 1% Canada, some states have lower levels Suspect ACM May contain Assumed ACM Not tested, treated as ACM Suspect ACM Cement Siding Asphalt Floor Tile Vinyl Floor Tile 2010 World Asbestos Production=1,970 (thousands of metric tons) Russia=1,000 China=350 Brazil=270 Kazakhstan=230 Canada=100 Other countries=20 SAMPLE Fireproofing Materials Fire Curtains Cooling Towers Roofing Shingles Acoustical Plaster Taping Compounds (thermal) Elevator Equipment Panels Pipe Insulation Roofing Felt Decorative Plaster Packing Materials Elevator Brake Shoes Heating and Electrical Ducts Base Flashing Textured Paints/ Coatings Gaskets HVAC Duct Insulation Electrical Panel Partitions Thermal Paper Products Ceiling Tiles and Lay-in Panels Laboratory Hoods/Table Tops Boiler Insulation Electrical Cloth Fire Doors Vinyl Sheet Flooring Spray- Applied Insulation Laboratory Gloves Breaching Insulation Electric Wiring Insulation Caulking/ Putties P.4 P.5 Flooring Backing Blown-in Insulation Fire Blankets Ductwork Flexible Fabric Connections Chalkboards Adhesives Wallboard Joint Compounds Vinyl Wall Coverings Spackling Compounds P.5 P. 6 2
Suspect ACM Commercial & School Buildings Fireproofing Non-Suspect ACM Suspect materials Sample or assume Usually non-suspect Cautiously ignore i.e. cinder block, mortar, brick, most paint Non-suspect Ignore Wood, metal, glass P. 7 Suspect ACM Residential Buildings P. 8 Surfacing ACM Categories of ACM Thermal System Insulation ACM () Miscellaneous ACM SAMPLE Surfacing Material Acoustical Plaster Thermal System Insulation P.8 P. 7 Sprayed or trowelled on, loosely-bound materials P.8 P.9 3
Thermal System Insulation P.9 Window Caulking Vermiculite Sink Undercoating Ceiling Tile Cementitious Pipe Fabrics/ cloths Asbestos Bans P. 10 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Roofing Cemetitious siding Resilient Flooring Drywall & Joint Compound Wire Insulation Cable covers Electrical Baskets Non-Banned Products Asphalt roofing products Resilient flooring Gaskets Friction products Caulking & glazings Miscellaneous Lighting Electrical Parts Fire Doors Gasket Electrical Panels Asbestos cement Ceiling Tile Mastics SAMPLE Asbestos Bans- P. 10 P. 10 Wallboard & joint compound Clothing & cloth products Light concrete P. 11 All other uses not mentioned in bans P.11 4
International Asbestos Bans EPA does not track products Manufacture, Processing or Distribution in commerce New Buildings & Materials Treat newer materials as? Why? Most materials not banned Lack of enforcement with existing bans Raw material contamination Global presence & use P. 11 P.12 Map from http://www.mesotheliomajointcompound.com Material Documentation Material Safety Data Sheet Asbestos Free Certification Sample Analysis Reports SAMPLE Asbestos Exposure Section 2 What questions will be answered? What is exposure? How is exposure measured? How is exposure controlled? P.12 P.13 www.training.com P. 14 5
Asbestos Exposure Measuring Asbestos Exposure Friable & Non-Friable Material can be crumbled or reduced to powder by hand pressure Potential to release fibers in the air Intact vs. Non-Intact Asbestos no longer in material matrix (crumbled, pulverized) Current ability to release fibers in air Measuring Asbestos Exposure Permissible Exposure Limit 0.1 f/cc for 8 Hr. TWA Excursion Limit (EL) 1.0 f/cc for 30 min period USEPA Clearance Level 0.01 f/cc Negative Exposure Assessment Proof being below PEL Objective, previous jobs, current jobs P. 14 P. 15 Airborne fiber levels Worker breathing zone Measuring Asbestos Exposure SAMPLE Controlling Asbestos Exposure P. 15 P. 15 Once NEA established Similar jobs assumed below PEL Closely resemble criteria Can reduce requirements P. 16 P. 16 6
Maintaining ACM Controlling Exposure Advantages ACM remains (performance) Minimal facility disruptions Low initial cost No/ minor waste generated Disadvantages ACM hazard remains Material may need repaired Future removal costs may be higher Required before renovation & demolition Controlling Exposure Recommended with ACM in poor condition P. 16 P. 17 Operations & Maintenance (O&M) Program Encapsulation Maintaining ACM Enclosure Controlling Exposure Removal Advantages No ACM in facility Life cycle cost may be less Repair P. 17 Removal Disadvantages Areas of facility must be regulated High initial cost Large amount of waste generated Many facility disruptions SAMPLE Health Effects Section 3 What questions will be answered? How can harm me? P. 17 What diseases can be caused by exposure to? www.training.com P. 18 7
Effects of Asbestos Exposure Dose response relationship Causes most related deaths ( 4000/ yr) Primary route of exposure is inhalation Secondary route is ingestion Latency Period of 10-40 years Mining Milling Manufacturing 10,000 deaths/ year High risk occupations Lung Cancer Insulating Ship building Construction 20 year latency period Asbestos exposure + smoking = over 50 X greater risk Other Asbestos Related Diseases Pleural Conditions Plaques Thickening Effusion P. 18 P. 19 Doseresponse relationship Shortness of breath common symptom Also called White Lung Asbestosis 10-20 yr latency period 20,000 hospital visits Mesothelioma Fibrotic scarring of the lung 1,500 deaths/ year Cancer of the lining of the chest cavity or abdomen 20-40 yr latency Often fatal No dose-response relationship 2,500 deaths/ year Rare Cancer SAMPLE Asbestos-Linked Cancers Esophagus Stomach Colon Pancreas P. 19 P. 20 Liability & Responsibility Section 4 P. 20 www.training.com 8
What questions will be answered? Asbestos Liability What types of liability are associated with? What are building owner and employer responsibilities? Who else has responsibilities during O&M activities? What are the Federal and state regulations? Regulated Asbestos Activities P. 21 P. 22-23 Regulatory Criminal Civil Permitted Asbestos Activities SAMPLE Personnel Requirements Asbestos-trained personnel Work practices Work area isolation Worker protection P. 24 Federal Asbestos Regulations OSHA (29 CFR 1926.1101) P. 21-22 P. 23-24 All jobs covered Class I Removal of & surfacing Class II Removal of all materials except & surfacing Class III any repairs up to 1 glovebagor disposal bag Class IV cleanup where ACM is contacted but not disturbed Unclassified operations PACM- Presumed Asbestos-Containing Material. P. 25 9
Federal Asbestos Regulations AHERA (40 CFR Part 763 Subpart E) All LEA s -public or private, not-for profit school system consisting of grades K-12. Manage/ abate all containing building material (ACBM) Response actions include all friable abatement projects conducted in a school building or on exterior mechanical components State Asbestos Regulations P. 25 P 28-29 Federal Asbestos Regulations NESHAP (40 CFR Part 61 Subpart M) Category I NF (pliable) Category II NF (brittle, rigid) RACM basically any currently or will become friable material Notification requirements Emission control procedures Disposal requirements Building Owner Responsibilities SAMPLE Employer Responsibilities Competent Person OSHA Asbestos requirements P. 26 P. 27 Responsible for activity One assigned each project P. 28 P. 28 10
Competent Person Worker s Responsibility Worker qualifications Use of PPE & worker protection Direct work practices Documentation Capabilities Violations, injuries, damage May be personally responsible Regularly inspect job site Training Responsibilities What questions will be answered? Why is sampling conducted? P. 29 P. 28 Knowingly and willfully violating a regulation Performing work without the proper training www.training.com Falsifying training records Sampling & Analysis Section 5 SAMPLE How is a material s content determined? How are airborne levels determined? What are the sampling procedures for determining exposure? What air sampling records are required? Types of Samples Bulk Air P. 29 P. 30 P. 30 11
Bulk (Material) Sampling Bulk Sampling Determines worker exposures Asbestos Inspection Procedures Identify suspect materials Collect and analyze suspect material samples Evaluate the hazard level posed by the ACM Conducted by certified inspector Air Sampling Measures isolation methods, work practices and engineering controls effectiveness Suitability to reoccupy work area P. 30 P.30 Any samples from material over 1% = ACM Materials with 1% or less have OSHA issues No testing data = ACM P. 31-32 SAMPLE Personal Air Sampling Airborne fiber levels Worker breathing zone Pump @ lower back Tubing up back, over the shoulder Cassette with filter placed in the employee s breathing Normal procedures, leave equipment alone Calibrate pump Air Sampling Equipment Personal Air Sampling Date of measurement Operation (task) Sampling & analytical methods Number, duration, & results of samples Protective devices worn Name, SS#, & exposure of all represented employees Recordkeeping Requirements P. 30 P. 33 P. 33 12
Results & Exposure Levels Air Sampling Log Available Results Results kept for 30 yrs PEL 0.1 f/cc for 8 Hr. TWA EL 1.0 f/cc for 30 min USEPA Clearance Level 0.01 f/cc www.training.com Medical Surveillance Section 6 Medical Surveillance Triggers Respirator Approval P. 34 What questions will be answered? What are the reasons for medical surveillance programs? What is involved with an medical surveillance program? What are the medical exam reporting requirements? SAMPLE Doctor s or physician s authorization required Prior to wearing respirator Medical surveillance program required Exam Content P. 35 P. 36 30 Days of work or exceeding PEL W/in 10 days of 30 th day P. 36 P. 37 13
Physician s Responsibilities/ Exam Exam Results Can employee work w/ NPE? Medical conditions at risk w/ exposure Employee informed of results & risky activities Informed of & smoking lung cancer risk www.training.com Personal Protective Equipment Section 7 Use of Respirators P. 38 Respiratory Hazards & Respirator Use Asbestos is a toxic particulate Reduce levels w/ work practices & engineering controls Determine presence & exposure Respirators are last line of defense SAMPLE Wet methods not used When do I have Exposure not to wear a demonstrated below PEL respirator? Disturbing or Surfacing P. 38 P. 39 Selecting Respirators When do I not have to wear a respirator? Wet methods used Exposure below PEL Disturbing miscellaneous P. 39 P. 40 14
Respirator Selection Respirator Selection Maximum Use Concentration Recommended Use Concentration Protection Factor Types of Masks & MUC & RUC MUC Half-Mask Air-Purifying PF=10 Recommended Use Concentration Full Facepiece Air-Purifying PF=10 (qualitative) PF=50 (quantitative) Powered Air-Purifying (PAPR) Helmet/ Hood PF=25 Powered Air-Purifying PF=1000 P. 40 P. 41 Respirator Fitting & Care User Seal Check - Every time Highest exposure allowed w/ type of respirator PEL inside facepiece (0.1 f/cc) Allowed to wear any respirator @ or below MUC Types of Filters Required Approval National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 0.01 f/cc inside facepiece USEPA Final Clearance P. 41 Asbestos Filter Requirements P-100 rating P= oil & solvent resistance 100= 99.97% efficiency @ 0.3 µm Color = purple or magenta Made for specific facepiece Need multi-media (piggy back) filters for other hazards i.e. fumes, vapors SAMPLE Fit Tests P. 42 Negative pressure check Close off inlets Inhale collapsing facepiece slightly Seal should hold for 10 seconds Positive pressure check Close off exhalation valve Exhale gently 10 seconds w/o leakage P. 42-43 P. 43-45 15
Respirator Care Cleaning Maintenance Storage www.training.com Warm soapy water wash Clean water rinse Air Dry Routine inspections Repair w/ qualified personnel & parts Protect from damage Plastic bags Asbestos Repair Preparation Section 8 P. 45-46 Keeps off body Usually disposable Required above PEL or no NEA Basics Determine content Protective Clothing Overview Evaluate intact/ non-intact Don prior to entering regulated area Remove on outside dropcloth/ outside regulated area Wearing requirements Determine if NEA exists Are people in adjacent areas aware? Proceed to decontamination area HEPA vac suit using buddy system Take suit off insideout, rolling suit down body Dispose of suit as waste Removal procedure: SAMPLE Asbestos Content P. 46-47 Assemble needed tools and supplies. Condition, Size & Level of Repair Quantity Class III 1 glovebag/ disposal bag Intact repairs Not crumbled @ start Remains intact Non-intact repairs : Crumbled prior to removal Crumbles during removed P. 48 P. 48 P. 49 16
Does NEA Exist? Level of Repair Level B Repair - Glovebag 1 glovebag/ repair Glovebag seals repair area Commonly used for pipe insulation Basic work practices Established work area Are People in Adjacent Areas Aware? Competent Person s responsibility Repair personnel verify P. 49-50 P.50 Level A Repair -Intact Basic work practices Established work area Limited isolation of repair activity Level of Repair Level C Repair Mini-Enclosure Isolates repair area w/ 6 mil plastic enclosure Negative pressure & airflow established w/ HEPA filtration Keeps fibers in area and air levels lower Used when glovebag can t contain disturbance Basic work practices Established work area SAMPLE Options regarding adjacent personnel Remove from surrounding area Notify all in surrounding area Methods Send notices Post signs Hold meetings Assembling Tools & Supplies Asbestos repair kit Keep stocked Inventory P. 50 P.51 Has supplies & materials Need tools to work on equipment P.51 P.52 17
Overview www.training.com Isolating the Work Area Section 9 Preparing the Work Area Follow general maintenance safety + controls LOTO electrical & HVAC (if feasible) GFCI live electric Cool equipment Only authorized personnel in work area Schedule when area is not in use Lock room/ area Barrier tape Avoid creating unsafe work area, ie egress P. 53 Prepare the area Establish regulated area Comply w/ regulated area requirements Establishing Asbestos Regulated Area All repairs 1. Make material accessible 2. Danger signs & barrier tape Readable prior to entering regulated area May be placed inside physical barriers About 5-10 perimeter around repair location 3. GFCI live circuits 4. Remove non-stationary items Move outside regulated area or cover w/ plastic SAMPLE Establishing Asbestos Regulated Area Establishing Asbestos Regulated Area Tool Box Sign Sign P. 53 P. 54 5. Plastic sheet/ drop cloth beneath removal activity Extend 2-3 from repair area Cover elevated working surfaces 6. Establish decontamination area Required above PEL, optional below Plastic sheet on floor outside regulated area Used for donning/ removing PPE, cleaning waste bag & equipment Sign P. 54-55 Work Area Sign Egress Decon Area P.55 18
Regulated Area Requirements General work practices Glovebagging procedures Mini-Enclosures Waste disposal. Asbestos Work Practices Maintained during entire repair activity PPE donned prior to entry Performed on outside drop cloth Overview Only authorized personnel inside Readable prior to entering regulated area May be placed inside physical barriers About 5-10 perimeter around repair location Prohibited activities (w/ or w/o NEA) Eating, Drinking, Smoking, Chewing tobacco or gum, Applying cosmetics Specific procedures P. 56 P. 55 www.training.com Asbestos Repair Work Practices Section 10 Asbestos Work Practices Wet Methods All jobs HEPA Vacs Primary way to reduce exposure Prompt Clean-up Safety factors may cause exceptions SAMPLE Wet methods Water + surfactant Other solutions may be considered Reduces airborne fiber concentrations Material dislodges from substrate easier Safety considerations/ solution properties Asbestos Work Practices HEPA Vacuums 99.97% efficiency @0.3 µm Make sure working properly Prompt Clean-up Containerize waste as soon as practical Prevents waste from drying/ releasing P. 56 P. 56 P. 57 19
OSHA Prohibited Activities Repair Strategies High Speed Saws Repair Strategies Asbestos Repair Strategies Summary Compressed Air Glovebag Dry Cleanup Demarcate with signs & barrier tape Drop cloth underneath repair activity Drop cloth outside demarcated zone Place tools/ equipment/ supplies in work area and in glovebag Candystripeinsulation that will remain and sealed to glovebag. Install, seal & smoke test glovebag Level A Most Materials w/ Intact / Limited Disturbance Regulated Area Asbestos Work Practices P. 57 P. 58-59 Repair Strategies Intact / Limited Disturbance (usually w/ NEA) Demarcate with signs & barrier tape Drop cloth underneath repair activity Drop cloth outside demarcated zone (optional w/ NEA) Mini-Enclosure P. 57 Demarcate with signs & barrier tape Place tools/ equipment/ supplies in work area Construct mini-enclosure with 6-mil plastic sheeting Install HEPA vac or small AFD to establish negative pressure and air flow Set up drop cloth outside minienclosure entrance Use work practices SAMPLE Level B P. 62-63 Pipe Insulations & Non-intact gaskets Regulated Area Install Glovebag Asbestos Work Practices Level C Boiler, Tank, Duct Insulation & Uncontrolled Disturbances Mini Enclosure & Regulated Area Asbestos Work Practices Waste Handling & Disposal During repair collect continuously Asbestos waste includes: Asbestos material Coveralls Used rags Used drop cloths Used respirator filters P. 59-61 Unwanted contaminated parts Unwanted barrier tape & signs P. 64 20
Waste Handling & Disposal DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS AVOID CREATING DUST CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD Procedures Use bags w/ OSHA & DOT labels Thoroughly wet waste and place in 1st bag Collapse 1st bag and seal by goose-necking with duct tape. 1st bag, drop cloths, suits, and used respirator filters are all placed in 2nd bag Removing from facility Generator label Manifest HEPA Vac Cleaning & Filter Replacement 5. Clean Work Area 6. Contain & Seal Waste 7. Closeout P. 64 P. 66 HEPA Vac Cleaning & Filter Replacement 1. Prep & Set up 2. PPE Use 3. Access Contaminated HEPA Filter Material-Specific Requirements Piping System Insulation Repair Surfacing Material Repair Boiler and Tank Insulation Repair Drywall/ Joint Compound Repair Gasket Removal Repairs Involving Flooring Material Repairs Involving Transite Siding Repairs Involving Roofing Material Clean-up Procedures/ Fiber Release Episodes SAMPLE www.training.com Competent Person Responsibilities Section 11 Overview Responsible for repairs Capabilities Identifying hazards Selecting control strategy Authority to take corrective measures Keep trained Employee exposure Responsibility areas: Violations, injuries, damage May be personally responsible Regularly inspect job site 4. Remove & Replace HEPA Filter P. 65 P. 66-75 P. 76 21
Repair Activity Duties Competent Person 1 Competent Person/ Repair Responsible for repair Needs to know expected exposure Doesn t have to do it Can rely on various sources of data Repair Activity Duties Oversee keeping equipment and supplies stocked. File completed paperwork in designated location. Make available air sampling reports with repair personnel. Asbestos Repair Activity Log (P 78-79) P. 76 P. 77 Repair Activity Duties Identify repairs repairs Determine repair level Review available NEA and determine employee exposure Make sure personnel qualified and have PPE & equipment Review work with personnel. Be available to respond Review paperwork, repair site, and waste disposal location www.training.com General Safety Section 12 SAMPLE All job sites have safety concerns Overview Asbestos abatement activities often make job sites less safe Safety Electrical Ladders Scaffolding Lifts Slips & Falls P. 77 P.80 Haz-Com P.80-83 22
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