Country Presentation Present & Future of Power Generation of Sri Lanka 18 th 22 nd July 2011, Hydrovision Conference, Sacramento, California W.R. Asanka Perera Deputy General Manager Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex Ceylon Electricity Board Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Located in the Indian Ocean to the south of Indian sub-continent Latitude 5-10 N Longitude 79-82 E 65, 525 km 2 Tropical climate :
Economic and electricity related indicators for Sri Lanka 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Mid year population (millions) 19.5 19.7 19.89 20.01 20.21 20.45 20.65 GDP per capita (USD/person) 1,030 1,197 1421 1617 2014 2057 2399 GDP real growth rate (%) 5.4 6.0 7.4 6.8 6.0 3.5 8.0 Access to electricity (%) 73.4 74.9 77.5 80.0 82 83 85 Installed Capacity (MW) 2100 2300 2432 2444 2645 2684 2818 Maximum Demand (MW) 1563 1746 1893 1842 1922 1868 1955 Electrical Energy Generation (GWh) 8043 8770 9389 9814 9882 9901 10714 System Energy Losses (%) 17.1 17.2 16.587 15.67 14.99 14.59 13.50 Per Capita Elec. Consumption (kwh/person) 348 369 394 414 416 413 449
Importance of hydro to Sri Lanka Only Source of indigenous energy in appropriate size Lowest cost generation
Road map for presentation Hydro potential and development up to now Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system Future development directions Problems experienced Government policy on hydro development
Hydro potential and development up to now
Potential and development Potential Available 2000 MW Developed 1207 MW Historical Development 1918 - First project proposal by local engineer D.J. Wimalsurendra 1926 - Construction of Laxapana started 1950 - Laxapana stage I (3 x 8.33 MW) commissioned
First hydro power plant in Sri Lanka Laxapana project started in 1940 s Completed in 1950
Sri Lankan river basin system and hydro power stations Four major river basins Kelani Mahaweli Kalu Walawe MANNAR JAFFNA VAVNIYA ANURADHAPURA HABARANA TRINCOMALEE No. HYDROPOWER PLANT CAPACITY (MW) 1 CANYON 60 2 WIMALASURENDRA 50 3 NEW LAXAPANA 100 4 OLD LAXAPANA 50 5 POLPITIYA 75 6 KOTMALE 201 7 VICTORIA 210 8 RANDENIGALA 122 9 RANTAMBE 49 10 UKUWELA 38 11 BOWATENNA 40 12 SAMANALAWEWA 120 13 UDAWALAWE 06 14 INGINIYAGALA 11 15 NILAMBE 03 16 KUKULE 70 17 UPPER KOTMALE 150 18 BROADLANDS x 40 19 UMA OYA X 150 20 MORAG0LLA X 27 21 GINGANGA X 49 POLONNARUWA BOWATENNA 11 COLOMBO BOLAWATTA KOTUGODA KURUNEGALA 10 UKUWELA 15 VICTORIA 7 9 8 20 6 KOTMALE 14 LEGEND EXISTING PLANTS CANDIDATES PLANTS COMMITTED PLANTS X 18 5 2 4 3 1 17 19 BADULLA BALANGODA12 19 WELLAWAYA 16 21 13 HAMBANTOTA MATARA
Historical development Kelani river basin Exploited mainly 1950 to 1970 Laxapana complex 335 MW Mahaweli river basin Development 1979 to 1990 Mahaweli complex 660 MW Other hydro potential Walawe, Kalu river basins 1990 to 2003 Some other small rivers Other hydro complex 211 MW Mini/Micro hydro systems
Kelani river basin power stations (335 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations (660 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Kotmale (3 X 67 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Victoria (3 X 70 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Randenigala (2 X 61 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Ukuwela (2 X 20 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Bowatenna (1 X 40 MW)
Time sequence of the development of hydro power Capacity / (MW) Year commissioned Old Laxapana Stage I (3 x 8.33) 25 1950 Inginiyagala (2 x 2.475, 2 x 3.15) 11.25 1954 Old Laxapana Stage II (2 x 12.5) 25 1958 Wimalasurendra (2 x 25) 50 1965 Udawalawe (3 x 2) 6 1969 Smanala (2 x 37.5) 75 1969 New Laxapana (2 x 50) 100 1974 Ukuwela (2 x 20 ) 40 1976 Bowatenna (1 x 40) 40 1981 Canyon unit 1 (1 x 30) 30 1983
Time sequence of the development of hydro power.. Capacity / (MW) Year commissioned Victoira (3 x 70) 210 1984 Kotmale unit 1 (1 x 67) 67 1985 Randenigala (2 x 61) 122 1986 Kotmale Unit 2&3 (2 x 67) 134 1988 Nillambe (2 x 1.6) 3.2 1988 Canyon Unit 2 (1 X 30) 30 1989 Rantambe (2 x2 4.5) 49 1990 Samanalawewa (2 x 60) 120 1992 Kukula Ganga (2 x 35) 70 2003
Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system
Hydro component of system energy demand : Present, future Annual energy demand (1969-2010) Energy demand forecast (2005-2020) 9000 25000 8000 7000 20000 Annual energy / (GWh) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Thermal Hydro Energy demand / (GWh) 15000 10000 5000 0 From other sources Hydro 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 Year energy demand (10714 GWh ) - installed capacity (2818 MW) average wet year approx 1/2 energy demand very wet year (5661 GWh) cannot meet the energy demand ii Year
The changing role for Hydro Generation Past Supply total peak demand energy demand Present Future Peak demand supplier Economic regulator Frequency controller
Hydro and thermal installed capacity 1969-2010 INSTALLED CAPACITY 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 HYDRO(GWh) THERMAL(GWh) 600 400 200 0 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sri Lankan power system Total Capacity 2818 MW Hydro 1207 MW Thermal 548 MW Wind 3 MW IPP Thermal 567 MW IPP small Hydro 86 MW
Future development directions
Future Developments Hydro potential available 2000 MW More than 50 % already developed Remaining potential Gin Ganga 49 MW Broadlands 35 MW Uma Oya 150 MW Moragolla 27 MW
Another option Expansion of existing hydro power plants Especially for peaking duty Some candidates Victoria (stage II) 3 x 70 MW Smanalawewa stage II 2 x 60 MW New laxapana 72.5 MW Polpitiya 23.2 MW
Mini/Micro hydro development Master plan study (1988) 80 MW (200 sites) 8 MW from irrigation tanks Intermediate Technology Development group study (1999) Estimated another exploitable small hydro potential of 100 MW 250 sites
Mini/Micro hydro development First Grid connected mini hydro plant in 1996 90 MW (48 sites) connected by April 2006 280 GWh supplied by mini hydro plants in 2005 (= to 3% of total electricity generated)
Problems experienced
Problems experienced Upper Kotmale project Delayed more than 10 years 20% energy reduction to exclude the tapping of some water falls Upper Kotmale and Kukula project Energy reduction due to not using the potential for reservoir type Continued.
Existing Kotmale P/S UPPER KOTMALE HYDROPOWER PROJECT (Alternative Proposal) Mahawelle Ganga N HEADRACE TUNNEL Talawakelle Intake Dam Devon Oya A7 Hatton
Waterfalls Impacted (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) St. Clair Waterfall Devon Oya Waterfall Puna Oya Waterfall Ramboda Oya Waterfall St. Andrew s Cascade
St. Clair Waterfalls
Devon Waterfalls
Ramboda Waterfalls
Pundal Oya Waterfalls
Puna Oya Waterfalls
St. Andrew s Cascade
Government policy on hydro development
Government policy on hydro development Development of hydro power generation to its full potential All large scale hydro power generation under Government control Mini hydro plants under private sector development Energy generated is purchased through power purchase agreement with Ceylon Electricity Board
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