April 7, 2010 1 ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology Lecture #1 Ridha Hamidi, Ph.D.
April 7, 2010 2 Today s Agenda 3:30-4:00 - Green sheet review and introductions 4:00-4:45 - Group Research Activity 4:45-5:15 - Group Presentation 5:15-6:15 - Lecture
April 7, 2010 3 Class Details ESCI-61, 3 units Required course for the Certificate of Achievement in Energy Management and Climate Policy and for the A.A. Degree in Environmental Compliance & Pollution Prevention 12 Meetings in KC239 April 7 June 23, 2010 Wednesdays 3:30-6:15 PM Grading is based on Three Homework Assignments Ten Group Assignments Class Journal One Final Project
April 7, 2010 4 Class Content Introduction to PV Systems Solar Radiation, Sun-Earth Relationships PV Cells, Modules, and Arrays PV System Components and Configurations PV Site Surveys Basics of Electricity for PV Systems PV System Design & Sizing Mechanical & Electrical Integrations of a PV System Field Trips Economic Analysis of a PV System, Net metering, Rebate programs
April 7, 2010 5 Expected Outcome Understand photovoltaic technology fundamentals Be able to do a site assessment for a residential PV system Be able to design and size a grid-tied PV system at residential scale
April 7, 2010 6 Expectations From Students Attend all classes! Students who miss more than 2 sessions will be automatically withdrawn. Participate in team assignments in and outside of class time Work with a team to design a photovoltaic project. Complete homework assignments on time
April 7, 2010 7 Group Research Activity Research the following and be prepared to report back to the class: What are the sources of electricity today? What are the percentages of these sources in the US and globally? What are the future projections for these sources? What are the benefits of PV in terms of carbon emissions? How many PV related jobs could be created in the future?
April 7, 2010 8 ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology Lecture #1 Ridha Hamidi, Ph.D.
April 7, 2010 9 Natural Resources Perpetual on a human time scale are continuous Renewable on a human time scale can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades) Nonrenewable on a human time scale are in fixed supply
April 7, 2010 10 Nonrenewable Resources Exist as fixed quantity Becomes economically depleted. Recycling and reusing extends supply Recycling processes waste material into new material. Reuse is using a resource over again in the same form.
April 7, 2010 11 Sustainability ability of earth s various systems, including human cultural systems and economics, to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely
April 7, 2010 12 The 4 R s of Sustainability Refuse Reduce Reuse Recycle
April 7, 2010 13 Energy Sources Conventional Fossil Fuels Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydroelectric Alternative Solar Biomass Biofuels Wood & Derived Fuels Waste Geothermal Wind Wave & Tidal Color Code : Non Renewable Renewable
April 7, 2010 14 CO 2 emissions per unit of energy produced(*) (*) expressed as a percentage of emissions produced by burning coal directly
April 7, 2010 15 Our Ecological Footprint Humanity s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity.
April 7, 2010 16 Global Outlook Comparison of developed and developing countries.
Energy Inputs April 7, 2010 17 System Outputs 9% 7% 85% U.S. economy and lifestyles 41% 8% 4% 3% 43% Nonrenewable fossil fuels Nonrenewable nuclear Hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar Biomass Useful energy Petrochemicals Unavoidable energy waste Unnecessary energy waste
April 7, 2010 18 Commercial Energy Use by Source
April 7, 2010 19 Types of Energy Sources
April 7, 2010 20 Types of Energy Sources
April 7, 2010 21 Renewable Energy Consumption in the Nation s Energy Supply, 2008 http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/renew_energy_consump/figure1.html
April 7, 2010 22 Net Generation Shares by Energy Source: Total (All Sectors), Year-to-Date through May, 2009 http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/epm_sum.html
April 7, 2010 23 US Electric Power Industry Net Generation, 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/figes1.html
April 7, 2010 24
April 7, 2010 25 What Can We Do About It?
April 7, 2010 26 Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability: Copy Nature Reliance on Solar Energy Biodiversity Nutrient Recycling Population Control
Solutions Principles of Sustainability April 7, 2010 27 Runs on renewable solar energy. Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. How Nature Works Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environmental conditions. Lessons for Us Rely mostly on renewable solar energy. Prevent and reduce pollution and recycle and reuse resources. Preserve biodiversity by protecting ecosystem services and habitats and preventing premature extinction of species. Controls a species population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species. Reduce human births and wasteful resource use to prevent environmental overload and depletion and degradation of resources.
April 7, 2010 28 General Approach Generation $$$ Efficiency $$ Curtailment $
April 7, 2010 29 General Approach Cost Saving Generation $$$ $ Conservation/Efficiency $$ $$ Curtailment $ $$$
April 7, 2010 30 My Average Electricity Usage (kwh) 2006 2007 2008 2009 Per Year 4,335 4,063 2,810 2,458 Per Month 361 339 234 205 Per Day 12.0 11.2 7.7 6.7
April 7, 2010 31 My Average Electricity Usage (kwh) Average kwh per Day 20 18 16 kwh 14 12 10 8 6 2006 2007 2008 2009 4 2 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month