EFFECTS OF MICRO-ELEMENT FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF AGRIA POTATOES

Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 EFFECTS OF MICRO-ELEMENT FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF AGRIA POTATOES Rhim mohmmdin 1,Behnmthmsepour* 2 1Deprtment of Agronomy nd plnt reeding,fculty of Agriculturl Engineering nd Technology, Collge of Agriculture nd Nturl resources, Islmic zd university of Triz, Triz, Islmic repulic or Irn. 2Deprtment of Agronomy nd plnt reeding,fculty of Agriculturl Engineering nd Technology, Collge of Agriculture nd Nturl resources, University of Triz, Triz, Islmic repulic or Irn. Astrct A study ws conducted in Bsmenj, Triz with 6 fertilizer tretments to study the effect of folir ppliction of micro-element fertilizers on potto yield in 1384 nd 1385. The first tretment ws fosmco (10% nitrogen, 1900 ppm mgnesium, 200 ppm zinc, 4/4% phosphte, 1400 ppm mngnese, 80 ppm iron, 7% potssium, 1100 ppm copper, 30 ppm mo) 1 liter per hectre, the second tretment ws iron fosin (7/7), the third tretment: zinc fosin (70%) liter per hectre, the forth tretment: mngnese fosin (30%), 2 liters per hectre, the fifth tretment: Br fosin (15%), 3/5 liters per hectre nd the 6 th tretment ws the control tretment (without liquid fertilizer) with completely ccidentl design in 3 replictions. The sprying occurred in 2 times of 4 leves stge nd efore flowering. In this pper, we mesured the trits like the lef size, the ush height, the numer of glnds per ush, the men size of ushes, the weight of glnd in the ush nd dry mtter vi 10 smples of ech plot nd the plot yield. The results of vrince nlysis of fertilizer tretments regrding ove mentioned trits showed tht the difference etween the tretments regrding the glnd numer, the glnd weight nd the yield were significnt, which mens tht the effects of different kinds of micro element fertilizers on the yield nd yield components is different. Compring the tretments men regrding the trits like the glnd numer nd the glnd weight per plnt nd the curt yield with Duncn method showed tht the usge of different kinds of micro elements reltive to the control (no usge) increses the yield significntly, so we cn sy tht the pottoes incresed yield with micro element usge is from the glnd weight nd numer incensement in ush nd the most yield is out zinc nd iron sprying tretments which hd the significnt difference compring the other fertilizer tretments nd incresed 6 tons per hectre compring to the control tretment. Introduction Pottoes (Solnum tuerosum L) re produced in different prts of the country, ecuse of the wide comptiility in different climtes. The cultivtion of pottoes is sed on their use in industril forms, forge, feed nd seed. In our country, the most usge of potto comes ck to the food (1). There re different res out its plting: Ardeil, Azerijn, Gorgn, some prts of Khoozestn, Isfhn nd etc. The micro element fertilizer uptke is through the root system nd the eril prts of the plnt nd requires vrious studies. Intke from ir 1

Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 prts, for elements such s nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium, mngnese, iron, etc. in some plnts hve een reported. However, the usge time of micro element fertilizers, the soil type, crop nd the concentrtion of fertilizer vi system out of the root is importnt (6). The fertilizer out of the root system is importnt when the plnt is in deep need of ove mentioned mterils, with sufficient mounts in the soil. The im of this study ws to investigte the effects of low consumption of fertilizers, iron, zinc, mngnese nd oron compounds in the potto system out of the root. Mngnese nd its role in the plnt Mngnese hs very importnt role in the physiologicl ctions of the plnt nd its intke mount is different in the plnts. Also it hs een found in oth mitochondril suunits of prokryotes in the form of superoxide dismutse (SOD). Nyel et l. nnounced tht mngnese cts s complex in photosynthetic orgns in the wter nlysis, electron relese nd it s connecting to photo system II. Edwrds nd Vlker showed tht mngnese deficiencies in plnts reduce CO, sulfte nd nitrte phosphor nd chlorophyll formtion (3). The role of dietry mngnese deficiency in plnts is different nd cn pper in ny prticulr form. The role of iron in plnts nd the wys of its intke The iron impct on two protein groups structures is so useful. First in hem proteins which uses in cytochromes, ctlse nd proxidse, second in ligmo gloins which usge in the synthesis of chlorophylls. Lndsergh nnounced tht uxin direct the protein secretion (7). Studies hve shown tht there is n interction effect etween potssium fertilizer consumption nd mnure one on the zinc, iron nd copper usge mount in the potto (6). Shmekhi s studies in Hmdn showed iron fosin increses Moren potto yield from 26 tons (control) to 45 tons. Len, et l studies showed tht the mitochondril complex of the potto hs storge cpcity 0f 30/4 moll iron. This reserch conducted in EPR isoltion nd spectroscopic method (9). The role of Br in the plnts In generl, this mteril is seen in minerl form in the young soils especilly, mrine sediments, ut we confront with its shortge in the destroyed nd wter dmged soils. Its est sorption form is in check terms which generlly sed upon the soil ph (6). Goopt reserches showed tht this mteril hs effective effects on the plnts growth, lso the tiny structure etween the cell wll nd the cell synthesis is influenced y tht, too (5). Lee nd Arnef hd proved its effects on the enzymtic interctions with the most effect on the formtion of complex 6- phospho gloconte which used in the metolite of the phosphte pentose oxidtive cycle (8). Hiresh, et l reported tht Br increses the role of the ATP- AZ (5, 10). The role of the zinc in the crops In generl, zinc, iron nd copper re used in some protein structures nd ct s ctlyst in their synthesis. These elements produce formts which ply very importnt role due to the nutrition s interctions. Asin studied the effects of the Br on the pottoes in the hevy soils nd reported tht with 1% sulfte solution, the crop output increses ut the consumption time is so importnt. Aout the pottoes, it should e conducted fter 4 to 5 weeks fter germintion (2). 2

Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 Methods nd Mterils A study ws conducted in Bsmenj, Triz with 6 fertilizer tretments to study the effect of folir ppliction of micro-element fertilizers on potto yield in 2005 nd 2006. This study ws with completely ccidentl design in 3 replictions. The sprying occurred in 2 times of 4 leves stge nd efore flowering. The first tretment ws fosmco (10% nitrogen, 1900 ppm mgnesium, 200 ppm zinc, 4/4% phosphte, 1400 ppm mngnese, 80 ppm iron, 7% potssium, 1100 ppm copper, 30 ppm mo) 1 liter per hectre, the second tretment ws iron fosin (7/7), the third tretment: zinc fosin (70%) liter per hectre, the forth tretment: mngnese fosin (30%), 2 liters per hectre, the fifth tretment: Br fosin (15%), 3/5 liters per hectre nd the 6 th tretment ws the control tretment (without liquid fertilizer) with completely ccidentl design in 3 replictions. The yield mesurement ws conducted with mrginl effects deletion from the middle rows nd the centric rows were used to the performnce hrvest. The ush height, the lef length nd width, the numer of the glnd per ush, the men dimensions of glnd nd the dry mtter were done with 10 smples from ech plte. Results nd Discussion The sttisticl nlysis of the experiment dt in 2005 Anlysis of vrince fertilizer tretments were mesured regrding the different yields in the completely ccidentl locks pln which results re in tle1. The clculted F showed tht there is significnt difference etween the tretments regrding the glnd weight in the plnt nd the performnce in 1 nd 5% possiility which shows the effects of the different tretments on the yield components nd the economicl yield. Despite significnt differences etween tretments in terms of yield nd glnd weight etween tretments in terms of dry mtter, it ws expected to e seen significnt difference. However, differences etween tretments in terms of the level of 7% of the yield meningful ecuse it cn e 18% = CV high nd low degrees of freedom cn e explined y experimentl error (tle2). Between the tretments, there ws not the significnt difference regrding the other mesured trits: the plnt height, the lef length, the lef width nd the numer of the glnd per ush (tle1). So we cn sy tht the micro elements hve effect on the yield only y effect on the mtter weight nd the glnd weight in the ush. The most growth of the glnd weight in the ush is relted to the zinc fosin 58% nd iron fosin 35% in the reltion to the control tretment. The weight growth rte of the glnds in the ush with the r nd mngnese usge were 23% nd 28% to the control tretment (tle2). Since the micro elements F regrding performnce in the 5% possiility level ws significnt, so the men comprison conducted with this trit. The yield mens of zinc nd iron fosin, 20/302 nd 22/113 tons per hectre hd the highest yield whit significnt difference with the other tretments (tle2). Sttisticl nlysis of studied trits in 2006 There ws no significnt difference etween the tretments regrding the plnt height nd the glnd numer which shows no effect of the micro elements on the mentioned trits nd they re more influenced y genotypes. But there ws 1% significnt difference etween 3

Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 the tretments regrding the glnd weight which shows different micro elements hve effects on the glnd growth rte or the gthering of the glnds weight. These results were comptile with 2005 results. So we cn sy tht in this corrected vriety, the plnt height nd the numer of the glnd per ush is fixed nd is influenced y genotype. However, the use of griculturl inputs through effects on tumor weight, cn ffect crop yield. Comprison of results etween tretments in terms of trits significnt t 5% level y Duncn's method is shown in Tle 3. The overll weight of tuers per plnt ws low in ll tretments. It cn e justified with the properties of the experiment frm soil, due to the poor cly soil (10). In the sence of moisture is very rigid nd the tumor does not grow. But the zinc nd iron tretments hd the most glnd weight nd significnt difference with the other fertilizer tretments. Tretments thn the other tretments, except for iron nd mngnese, nd zinc were significntly more tuer weight nd were in clss nd fosmco ws in c clss with the lest glnd weight. The results of the comined vrince nlysis These results re in tle3. Between the chrcters, tuer weight, plnt height, tuer numer nd yield t 1% level, there ws no significnt difference. This disorder cn e cused y disese in 2005, fitofetr. The glnd weight, numer of glnds nd the performnce ws significnt t 1% level which shows the micro elements effects on the dry mtter gthering nd the pottoes glnd mking numer. But there ws no significnt difference etween tretments regrding the plnt height which shows the low effects of the environmentl effects on these trits. Interctions etween tretments in terms of yield significnt differences were not oserved. It shows micro impct on performnce hs een the sme from one yer to nother. Comprison of the men performnce of fertilizer tretments (Tle 3) showed tht the highest yield of folir fertilizers on the yield nd iron, respectively, 31/18 nd 14/17 tons per cre were in clss. Most of the ction in the tretment of iron deficiency is in the soil of the frm (10). The micro sprying nd rpid sorption through the ir system performnce is enhnced nd high level of performnce etween the tretment nd control is pproximtely 6 h. Mngnese fosin nd Br fosin tretments were in second yield grde nd hd significnt difference with the control tretment. Tle1. Simple vrince nlysis for fertilizer tretments regrding yield fetures nd components SOURCE Dry mtter Yield Glnd weight Glnd per ush Plnt height OF VARIANT 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 Repliction 69 5/86 225 480 97 227/5 4/65 3/69 24/60 2/27 Tretment 179* 164/6* 1689** 3695** 297/4* 1425/7* 3/28ns 2/28ns 29/98ns 22/21ns Experiment error 70/6 89/64 384 398 218/73 1567/8 4/92 3/5 19/68 17/79 *nd ** significnt t level 5% nd 1%, respectively. 4

Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 Tle2. Under studied trits men in fertilizers tretment ccording to the yers nd their men tretment s Fosin zinc Fosin iron Mngnes e fosin Fosin Fosmco Control The ush weight The glnd numer The plnt height Yield Men * 513/ 2 259/ 6 451/ 1 375/ 4 322/ 6c 303/ 8c 2006 2005 men 2006 2005 men 2006 2005 men 2006 2005 349/ 9 342/ 7 282/ 3 203/ 1 154/ 6c 181/ 4c 677/ 7 576/ 6 547/ 7 517/ 17 290/ 6c 436/ 3 9/7 8/25 11/15 62/2 51/4 73/1 10/6 9/6 11/6 56/5 48/7 64/3 11/25 10/31 10/05 10/2 9/72 12/3 60/7 51/4 70 10/9 57/6 42/7 72/3 8/2 11/9 60 47/9 72/1 8/75 8/3 9/2 56/4 45/5 67/25 18/31 17/14 14/45 13/03 12/95 12/09 c 14/5 0 14/0 3 12/4 7 10/2 8 11/2 11/4 22/1 3 20/3 0 16/3 15/7 14/7 12/7 c *: two- yer men of plnt yield. Different letters in ech column indicte significnt level of 5% is likely. Figure.1. The chnges of potto yield in different tretments Figure2. The chnges of potto yield in different fertilizer tretments in different yers 5

Behnmthmsepour et l, SPJTS,2013,1.(1),001-006 ISSN 2321-4591 Tle3. Comined vrince nlysis of fertilizer tretments regrding studied trits SOURCE OF Men of squre df VARIANT Glnd numer Plnt height Glnd weight Yield Yer 1 23120** 3920/3** 1120950** 1526** Yer/repliction 2 2/37 13/15 126/6 114/3 Tretment 6 420/3** 4210/5ns 70260** 628** Yer tretment 6 610/9ns 3271/4** 11205** 311ns Error 18 427 12/9 453/9 183 References *nd ** significnt t level 5% nd 1%, respectively. 1. Alyri, H. 1995. Industril plnts, Ardil Azd University. 2. Asen, I. 1987. Zinc ppliction to cerels,potto nd red clover on hevily limed zinc deficient soil in Norwy. Developments in plnt nd soil sciences. Norwy. 3. Bussler, W. 1960. Die hngigkiet der wurzelildung vom or ei Sonnenlumen. Z.Pflnzenernhr., Dung., Bodenk. 91:1-14. 4. Edwrds, G. nd D Wlker. 1983. ''C nd C '': Mechnisms nd Cellulr nd Environmentl Regultion of photosynthesis.'' Blckwell, Oxford. 5. Gupt, U.C.,. 1979. Boron nutrition of crops. Adv. Agroin. 31:273-307. 6. Hgprst Tnh, M.,. 1993. The plnts feeding nd metolism, Rsht Azd University. 7. Lnds erg, E.C.,.1981. Orgnic synthesis nd relese of hydrogen ions in response to Fe deficiency stress of mono nd dicotyledonous. Plnt Spicies. J. Plnt Nurt. 3:579 591. 8. Lee, S. G. nd S. Arnoff. 1967. Boron in plnt: A iologicl role. Science 158: 798 799. 9. Lin, T., V.Sled., T. Ohnishi., A. Brennicke., L. Grohnnn. And T. Lin. 1995. Anlysis of the iron sulfur clusters within the complex. 10. Sheikhzde, J,. 1998. Hssn Broog soil review, Ardil Azd University. 6