3/9/2012 DH/CHP in EU Smart Energy Cities Wroclaw, 14-15 of March 2012 Anders Dyrelund, market manager energy Ramboll Denmark Wiktor Kozlowski, Technical Director Elsamprojekt Polska, (Ramboll Poland) Presentation and back ground Ramboll Independent Multidisciplinary Consulting Engineering Company Owned by the Ramboll Foundation 10.000 Employees in 200 offices in 20 countries, mainly Northern Europe World leading within several energy services Anders Dyrelund Civ.Eng. in buildings, Graduate diploma in Economics 1975-81 and 1986- Ramboll 1981-86 Danish Energy Authority 1980 The First Heat Plan in Denmark for Aarhus, project manager 1981- Copenhagen Regional DH system, task manager/consultant 1990- Consultancy services to more than 20 countries Wiktor Kozlowski mechanical engineer with wide experience in power generation, cogeneration and district heating 2 Wiktor Kozùowski 1
3/9/2012 Cities a challenge and opportunities World population is growing More want to live in cities It will be a challenge, but also An opportunity to create smart energy solutions The EU has taken the lead promoting smart grids for Electricity District heating District cooling and Gas 3 The overall energy policy objectives in EU Reduce the fossil fuel consumption For security of supply and For climate reasons In a cost effective way To be competitive To secure welfare and sustainability for next generations 4 Wiktor Kozùowski 2
3/9/2012 Sustainable development within energy It can be quantified! 1. Economic sustainability 2. Environmental sustainability 3. Social sustainability for the whole society (EU) 4. Social sustainability for the local community (City) Indicators for sustainability within energy Life-cycle costs including environmental costs for 1-3 Life-cycle costs for the community incl.taxes for 4 5 EU legislation to implement Energy Policy Strategic environmental assessment Directive Co-operation cross sectors Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Good indoor climate Cost effectiveness Local conditions Low carbon (nearly zero), taking into account RES via District heating and cooling, DH&C CHP via District heating and cooling, DH&C Heat pumps Local RES Optimal building envelope 6 Wiktor Kozùowski 3
3/9/2012 EU legislation to implement Energy Policy (2) Renewable Energy Directive Urban planning of heating and cooling infrastructure Nearly Zero buildings taking into account RES via DH&C Energy Efficiency Directive (as drafted) New power plants to be CHP located near heat markets Urban planning of heating and cooling infrastructure Nearly Zero buildings taking into account CHP via DH&C ECO Directive How to use and stimulate energy efficient appliances Low energy electronics Standard for 12V DC for low energy energy electronics Hot tap water to laundry and dish washing not in labelling 7 Most important objectives in the energy policy in Denmark since 1976 Objectives since 1976 Cost effectiveness CHP Reduce dependency on oil New additional objectives To be independent of fossil fuels in 2050 The challenge will be to do it in a cost effective way 8 Wiktor Kozùowski 4
3/9/2012 Important Danish legislation 35 years of experience has inspired EU Electricity supply act from 1976 all new power capacity since 1976 has been CHP Heat supply act from 1979 Urban planning of heating infrastructure More CHP More RES (in particular waste to energy) District cooling act New, but insufficient New building code In contradiction with EU directives and Heat supply act 9 The Ramboll Smart Energy City Concept Smart Intelligent Grids and Buildings National power grid and a dynamic electricity market City-wide district heating grid storage optimal use of CHP and RES City district cooling grid storage and optimal free cooling National natural gas - biogas grid gas storage, gas to CHP and small houses Buildings Optimized building envelope Low temperature heating High temperature cooling Micro DC grid for micro electronics Adjust cosumption to price signals and control ( smart grid ) Klimakommissionen 10 Wiktor Kozùowski 5
3/9/2012 Cost-effective analysis for the whole society Same criteria for cost effectiveness for all investmetns Interaction between smart grids and buildings Energy depends on time and quality RES- and EE direcives Building directive Fossil fuels Biomass ressources Production CHP Storages RES District Heating and Cooling Power grid Gas grid District energy Substation Invididual Production Building envelope Heating and Cooling Micro DC grid Indoor Climate Hot tap Water Electricity services 11 Smart City District Heating Grid in Greater Copenhagen 1980-2010 Heat planning in 20 municipalities Zoning of district heatiing and gas Regional planning of transmission New site for power plant (Avedøre) Thermal storages 98% connection to the district heating 95% share of CHP 25% share of waste-to-energy Dynamic development and optimization Amager Distric Cooling in progress Near-by RES and CHP in the region to existing and new buildings connected to the regional network Existing district heating CHP Waste to energy Transmission Avedøre New district heating From gas to district heating 12 Wiktor Kozùowski 6
3/9/2012 Smart Regional Power Grid in the Copenhagen Region Near-by RES from off-shore wind in the Baltic Sea to existing and new buildings connected to the grid in the Copenhagen Region 13 Smart Cities have Smart Back Yards Avedøre Holme New power plant site located with respect to the heat market CHP coal, gas, straw, wood 2x22.000 m 3 heat accumulators Waste water treatment plant Wind turbines Amager CHP Waste-to-energy Geothermal Waste water treatment plant Sludge incineration Biogas to city gas Wind turbines 14 Wiktor Kozùowski 7
3/9/2012 District Energy and the Power Grid interacts CHP, heat pumps, storages and surplus wind District heating and cooling combining Large and small CHP Electric boilers Large heat pumps Heat accumulators Chilled water storages Is a precondition for integrating a large share of CHP and Wind energy The share of wind power in Denmark will grow from 20% to 70% 15 Heat accumulators essential for smart CHP/DH Simple up to 95 dgr.c, dp=0 Bar Advanced, up to 120 dgr.c, dp=10 Bar Heat accumulators at all Danish CHP plants - from 1.000-75.000 m3 Charging when the production is higher than consumption Discharging when the production is below the consumption Capacity typically equal to 8-9 hours of maximal capacity Allows maximal capacity value of the power plant Optimize the production of heat and power Maintains the pressure in the grid and store make-up water Levels the daily heat load variations 16 Wiktor Kozùowski 8
3/9/2012 DH from our own waste Waste to energy with flue gas condensation Vestforbrænding, existing waste-to-energy all waste from the region 23% elec. eff CHP 100% total efficiency with flue gas condensation 100% use of surplus heat Amagerforbrænding, new waste-to-energy units Architectural design for public acceptance Efficient CHP 100% total efficiency 17 DH from RES Solar, Geothermal, biomass, seasonal storage 70 dgr.c 2 km below, but only via DH Underground hot water pit-storage for solar heating Marstal District Heating individual solar heating is 6 times more expensive 18 Wiktor Kozùowski 9
3/9/2012 New sustainable buildings interact with the energy infrastructure Ramboll HQ, Copenhagen Access to metro and facilities for bikes District Heating Ground source cooling Natural light Low energy electronics Ramboll office in Kolding Close to rail District heating Free cooling from stream Floor heating-cooling system Low temperature heating (25 o C return) High temperature cooling (15 o C ) 19 Heat plan Denmark 2010 Presentation of the Danish heating sector The plan shows how the Danish heating sector has reduced CO 2 emissions by a factor 2,5 since 1980 The plan shows that this progressive development can continue to achieve a further 50% reduction before 2020 and to achieve an almost CO 2 neutral heating before 2030 The plan is based on an integrated approach, combining optimal end-user heat demand reductions - additional 25% a lower return temperature from building installations <35 o C more DH - from 50% to 70% market share more individual heat pumps- from 0% to 30% efficient CHP, heat pumps and RES to District heating 20 Wiktor Kozùowski 10
3/9/2012 Floor area in million m2 Curve: CO2-emission kg. per MWh heating at end-user 700 600 500 Heat Plan Denmark 2010 Heated floor area divided on heat sources Historical Heat supply of the building stock Modest development Projection 450 400 350 300 400 250 300 200 100 Individuel solar heating Individuel heat pump Individuel biomass Individuel electric heating Individuel gas boilers Individuel oil boilers Small scale district heating District heating CO2-emission total 200 150 100 50 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 0 21 Heat plan Denmark - Statements Integrated solutions, in urban areas DH&C is a natural part of the urban infrastructure DH&C is a precondition for efficient use of RES and CHP Efficient Danish energy legislation paves the way for EU a stable energy policy since 1976 and a tradition for co-operation in the society have been preconditions for low carbon heating in Denmark 22 Wiktor Kozùowski 11
3/9/2012 Poland has followed the same track as Denmark Poland has like Denmark a very good starting point, namely DH New regulation concerning obligatory connections to DH for consumers above 50 kw Support for CHP based on certificates 35% heat demand is DH (ARE) 53% heat production to DH is CHP and 4-5% is RES (IGCP) District Cooling <1 TJ Approx. several hundred HOBs >10MW Forecast DH growth rate: approx. 30% by 2030 (Poland s Energy Policy until 2030) Heat consumption for existing buildings is 130-300 kwh/m 2 a, for new buildings 90-130 kwh/m 2 a and future expectations are 50-70 kwh/m 2 a (NAPE) Hard coal consumption for heat generation by HOBs in public thermal plants and by public and non-public heat plants and for household demand in 2010 was 16.2 million tones (GUS) 23 How can Poland implement the EU directives and gain experience from Denmark Methodology and forecast for least cost planning Heat supply planning zoning district heating and gas grids Urban planning in all new urban development areas EU building directive to be implemented in the building code Also requirements to supply and return temperatures All new power capacity located near cities Optimal load dispatch in the district heating grids New CHP plants designed to low temperature Heat accumulators at all CHP plants Renewable energy, such as Waste incineration, geothermal heat, large scale solar water heating, Biomass CHP Biomass boilers 24 Wiktor Kozùowski 12
3/9/2012 Thank you for your attention! ad@ramboll.dk www.ramboll.com http://blog.ramboll.com/urbanenergysolutions/ See our climate solutions at http://www.stateofgreen.com/profiles/ramboll wik@elsamprojekt.com.pl www.ramboll.com.pl 25 Wiktor Kozùowski 13