JUNE 2016 RONALD REAGAN WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT Draft Environmental Assessment Terminal B/C Redevelopment, Secure National Hall, and Related Improvements
PREPARED BY: Ricondo & Associates, Inc. IN ASSOCIATION WITH: AGD Associates LLC EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc. Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc. Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Nspiregreen, LLC Paciulli, Simmons & Associates, Ltd. Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc.
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport District of Columbia Draft Environmental Assessment Terminal B/C Redevelopment, Secure National Hall, and Related Improvements This environmental assessment becomes a Federal document when evaluated, signed and dated by the Responsible FAA Official. PREPARED FOR: Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority PREPARED BY: RICONDO & ASSOCIATES, INC. Responsible FAA Official Date In Association With: AGD Associates LLC EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc. Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc. Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Nspiregreen, LLC Paciulli, Simmons & Associates, Ltd. Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc. June 2016
1. Executive Summary... 1-1 1.1 Introduction... 1-1 1.2 Purpose and Need... 1-1 1.2.1 SUMMARY OF THE AUTHORITY S PURPOSE AND NEED... 1-1 1.2.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 1-2 1.2.3 FEDERAL ACTIONS... 1-3 1.2.4 TIMEFRAME OF PROPOSED ACTION... 1-3 1.3 Alternatives... 1-3 1.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF ALTERNATIVES... 1-4 1.3.2 SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES... 1-9 1.4 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences... 1-14 1.5 Mitigation... 1-19 1.6 Agencies and People Consulted... 1-19 2. Purpose and Need... 2-1 2.1 Background... 2-1 2.2 Existing Conditions... 2-7 2.2.1 GATES 35 AND 35X... 2-7 2.2.2 HARDSTANDS... 2-11 2.2.3 SECURITY IN THE NATIONAL HALL... 2-11 2.3 Purpose and Need Statement... 2-11 2.3.1 THE PROBLEM (NEED)... 2-11 2.3.2 THE AUTHORITY S SOLUTION (PURPOSE)... 2-19 2.3.3 SUMMARY OF THE AUTHORITY S PURPOSE AND NEED... 2-20 2.4 Proposed Action... 2-20 2.5 Federal Actions... 2-27 2.6 Timeframe of the Proposed Action... 2-27 [i]
(continued) 3. Alternatives... 3-1 3.1 Introduction... 3-1 3.2 Planning and Design Guidelines... 3-2 3.2.1 PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINE DOCUMENTS... 3-2 3.2.2 SPATIAL GUIDELINES AND REQUIREMENTS... 3-2 3.3 New Concourse Alternatives... 3-12 3.3.1 EVALUATION OF NEW CONCOURSE ALTERNATIVES... 3-43 3.3.2 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE NEW NORTH CONCOURSE ALTERNATIVE NNC-6... 3-46 3.3.3 NO ACTION - NEW CONCOURSE ALTERNATIVE... 3-59 3.4 Secure National Hall Alternatives... 3-59 3.4.1 INTRODUCTION... 3-59 3.4.2 SECURITY PLANNING/DESIGN GUIDELINES... 3-65 3.4.3 SECURITY SCREENING CHECKPOINT DEMAND DEVELOPMENT... 3-66 3.4.4 SECURE TERMINAL ALTERNATIVES... 3-67 3.4.5 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE SECURE NATIONAL HALL ALTERNATIVE K... 3-100 3.4.6 NO ACTION SECURE NATIONAL HALL... 3-100 3.5 Permits, Approvals, Certifications, and Determinations... 3-100 3.6 Relevant Laws and Regulations... 3-102 3.6.1 FEDERAL... 3-102 3.6.2 STATE (COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA)... 3-102 3.6.3 LOCAL ORDINANCES AND PLANNING GUIDELINES CONSIDERED... 3-102 4. Affected Environment... 4-1 4.1 Description and Identification of the Study Area... 4-1 4.2 Resources Not Present in the Study Area... 4-1 4.2.1 FARMLANDS... 4-1 4.2.2 WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS... 4-7 4.3 Air Quality... 4-7 4.3.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-7 4.3.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-9 4.3.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-9 [ii]
(continued) 4.4 Biological Resources... 4-12 4.4.1 FISH, WILDLIFE, AND PLANTS... 4-12 4.4.2 FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES, CRITICAL HABITAT, AND ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT... 4-18 4.4.3 STATE-PROTECTED SPECIES... 4-20 4.5 Climate... 4-22 4.5.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-22 4.5.2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-23 4.6 Coastal Resources... 4-24 4.6.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-24 4.6.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-25 4.6.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-25 4.7 Department of Transportation Act, Section 4(f)... 4-30 4.7.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-30 4.7.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-31 4.7.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-31 4.8 Hazardous Materials, Solid Waste, and Pollution Prevention... 4-36 4.8.1 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS... 4-36 4.8.2 SOLID WASTE... 4-41 4.9 Historical, Architectural, Archeological, and Cultural Resources... 4-42 4.9.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-42 4.9.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-42 4.9.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-43 4.10 Land Use... 4-47 4.10.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-47 4.10.2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-47 4.11 Natural Resources and Energy Supply... 4-48 4.11.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-48 4.11.1 METHODOLOGY... 4-48 4.11.2 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-51 [iii]
(continued) 4.12 Noise and Noise-Compatible Land Use... 4-51 4.12.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-52 4.12.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-52 4.12.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-53 4.13 Socioeconomics, Environmental Justice, and Children s Environmental Health and Safety Risks... 4-60 4.13.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-60 4.13.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-61 4.13.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-61 4.13.4 OFF-AIRPORT TRAFFIC... 4-65 4.13.5 ON-AIRPORT TRAFFIC... 4-70 4.14 Visual Effects... 4-75 4.14.1 REGULATORY SETTING... 4-75 4.14.2 METHODOLOGY... 4-75 4.14.3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT... 4-75 4.15 Water Resources... 4-76 4.15.1 WETLANDS... 4-76 4.15.2 FLOODPLAINS... 4-79 4.15.3 SURFACE WATERS AND GROUNDWATER... 4-80 5. Environmental Consequences... 5-1 5.1 Summary of Potential Impacts... 5-1 5.2 Air Quality... 5-5 5.2.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-5 5.2.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-6 5.2.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-11 5.3 Biological Resources... 5-11 5.3.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-11 5.3.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-12 5.3.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-13 [iv]
(continued) 5.4 Climate... 5-13 5.4.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-13 5.4.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-14 5.4.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-15 5.5 Coastal Resources... 5-15 5.5.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-15 5.5.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-15 5.5.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-18 5.6 Department of Transportation Act Section 4(f)... 5-18 5.6.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-18 5.6.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-19 5.6.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-20 5.7 Hazardous Materials, Solid Waste, and Pollution Prevention... 5-20 5.7.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-20 5.7.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-20 5.7.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-23 5.8 Historical, Architectural, Archeological, and Cultural Resources... 5-24 5.8.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-24 5.8.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-24 5.8.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-25 5.9 Land Use... 5-25 5.9.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-25 5.9.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-26 5.9.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-27 5.10 Natural Resources and Energy Supply... 5-27 5.10.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-27 5.10.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-27 5.10.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-28 5.11 Noise and Noise-Compatible Land Use... 5-28 5.11.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-28 5.11.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-30 5.11.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-35 [v]
(continued) 5.12 Socioeconomics, Environmental Justice, and Children s Environmental Health and Safety Risks... 5-35 5.12.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-35 5.12.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-38 5.12.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-50 5.13 Visual Effects... 5-51 5.13.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-51 5.13.2 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-55 5.13.3 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-56 5.14 Water Resources... 5-57 5.14.1 PROPOSED ACTION... 5-57 5.14.2 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE... 5-59 5.15 Cumulative Impacts... 5-60 5.15.1 METHODOLOGY... 5-60 5.15.2 ACTIONS CONSIDERED... 5-60 5.15.3 ACTIONS NOT CONSIDERED AND WHY... 5-63 5.15.4 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS... 5-64 6. Mitigation... 6-1 7. Agencies and People Consulted... 7-1 7.1 Agency Scoping Meeting... 7-1 7.2 Public Information Workshop... 7-2 7.3 Scoping Comments... 7-2 7.4 Other Consultation... 7-3 List of Appendices Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F List of Preparers Agency and Public Coordination Acronyms and Glossary Corporate Office Building Hazardous Materials Survey Traffic Analysis Air Quality Analysis [vi]
List of Tables Table 1-1: New Concourse Alternative Exhibit Numbers and Principal Facility Differences... 1-5 Table 1-2: Secure National Hall Exhibit Numbers and Principal Facility Differences... 1-7 Table 1-3: Summary of Second Level of Screening of New Concourse Alternatives...1-11 Table 1-4: Summary of Second Level of Screening of Secure National Hall Alternatives...1-15 Table 1-5: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts by Resource Category...1-16 Table 2-1: Historic and Forecast Originating versus Connection Passengers...2-18 Table 3-1: Levels of Service...3-10 Table 3-2: Requirements for Holdroom Areas...3-11 Table 3-3: New Concourse Alternative Exhibit Numbers and Principal Facility Differences...3-13 Table 3-4: Second Level of Screening...3-45 Table 3-5: Demand for Security Screening Checkpoint Lanes...3-67 Table 3-6: Evaluation of Secure Terminal Alternatives... 3-101 Table 3-7: Preliminary List of Permits, Approvals, Certifications, and Determinations Required... 3-102 Table 3-8: Federal Laws and Statutes Considered... 3-103 Table 3-9: Executive Orders Considered... 3-103 Table 3-10: FAA Orders, Advisory Circulars, Federal Aviation Regulations, and Other Guidance Considered... 3-104 Table 3-11: State Laws and Regulations Considered... 3-105 Table 4-1: Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards...4-10 Table 4-2: 2014 Air Quality Monitoring Data Arlington County, Virginia...4-13 Table 4-3: Federally Threatened, Endangered, and Species of Concern1 within Arlington County, Virginia..4-19 Table 4-4: Natural Heritage Resources in Arlington County, Virginia...4-21 Table 4-5: Threatened and Endangered Species and Species of Concern within Arlington County, Virginia.4-22 Table 4-6: Enforceable Policies of the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program and Responsible Agencies...4-27 Table 4-7: Suggested Land Use Compatibility Guidelines in Aircraft Noise Exposure Areas...4-54 Table 4-8: Area Exposed to Each Range of Noise Exposure 2021...4-55 Table 4-9: Aircraft Noise Exposure by Land Use Category 2021 (in acres)...4-59 Table 4-10: Population, Dwelling Units, and Noise-Sensitive Facilities Exposed to Aircraft Noise 2021...4-59 Table 4-11: Demographic and Socioeconomic Data by Jurisdiction...4-61 Table 4-12: Existing Traffic Conditions...4-69 Table 4-13: Monthly DCA Passengers, 2014...4-70 Table 4-14: Existing (2015) Terminal B/C Arrivals Level Curbside Peak-Hour Volumes...4-73 Table 4-15: Existing (2015) Roadway Link Peak-Hour Volumes...4-73 Table 4-16: Existing (2015) Intersection Peak-Hour Volumes1/...4-74 [vii]
List of Tables (continued) Table 5-1: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts by Resource Category... 5-2 Table 5-2: De Minimis Pollutant Emission Thresholds... 5-6 Table 5-3: Construction and Demolition Emissions Inventory Proposed Action... 5-7 Table 5-4: Presumed to Conform Limits for Selected Projects... 5-9 Table 5-5: General Conformity Applicability Analysis...5-10 Table 5-6: Construction Equipment Scenarios...5-29 Table 5-7: Construction Equipment Sound Levels, dba...5-33 Table 5-8: Proposed Action-Related Construction Traffic...5-39 Table 5-9: Proposed Action Traffic Conditions...5-41 Table 5-10: Proposed Action Terminal B/C Arrivals Level Curbside Peak Hour Volumes...5-45 Table 5-11: Proposed Action Terminal B/C Arrivals Level Curbside Analysis Results and Impact Analysis...5-46 Table 5-12: Proposed Action Roadway Segment Analysis Results and Impact Analysis...5-47 Table 5-13: Proposed Action Intersection Analysis Results and Impact Analysis...5-48 Table 7-1: Written Comments Received from Agencies... 7-3 List of Exhibits Exhibit 2-1: Regional Setting... 2-3 Exhibit 2-2: Airport Layout Plan... 2-5 Exhibit 2-3: Project Site... 2-9 Exhibit 2-4: Aircraft Parking Layout at the American Airlines Hardstands Area...2-13 Exhibit 2-5: Existing Security Screening Checkpoints...2-15 Exhibit 2-6: Proposed Action New North Concourse...2-23 Exhibit 2-7: Proposed Action Secure National Hall...2-25 Exhibit 3-1: Single Taxilane Option... 3-5 Exhibit 3-2: Dual Taxilane Option... 3-7 Exhibit 3-3: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-1...3-15 Exhibit 3-4: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-2...3-17 Exhibit 3-5: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-3...3-19 Exhibit 3-6: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-4...3-21 Exhibit 3-7: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-5...3-23 Exhibit 3-8: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-6...3-25 Exhibit 3-9: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-7...3-27 Exhibit 3-10: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-8...3-29 Exhibit 3-11: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-9...3-31 [viii]
List of Exhibits (continued) Exhibit 3-12: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-10...3-33 Exhibit 3-13: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-11...3-35 Exhibit 3-14: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-12...3-37 Exhibit 3-15: New North Concourse Alternative NNC-13...3-39 Exhibit 3-16: New South Concourse Alternative NSC-14...3-41 Exhibit 3-17: Typical Apron Layout...3-49 Exhibit 3-18: Gate 35 Modifications...3-53 Exhibit 3-19: Modifications to Gates 43 and 44...3-57 Exhibit 3-20: No Action New Concourse Alternative...3-61 Exhibit 3-21: Existing Terminal B/C Configuration...3-63 Exhibit 3-22: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative A...3-69 Exhibit 3-23: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative B...3-73 Exhibit 3-24: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative C...3-75 Exhibit 3-25: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative D...3-77 Exhibit 3-26: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative E...3-81 Exhibit 3-27: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative F...3-83 Exhibit 3-28: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative G...3-85 Exhibit 3-29: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative H...3-89 Exhibit 3-30: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative I...3-91 Exhibit 3-31 Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative J...3-93 Exhibit 3-32: Secure National Hall Circulation Flows and Checkpoint Location Alternative K...3-97 Exhibit 4-1: Limit of Physical Disturbance... 4-3 Exhibit 4-2: Airport Environs... 4-5 Exhibit 4-3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations...4-15 Exhibit 4-4: DOT Section 4(f) Resources...4-33 Exhibit 4-5: Archaeological and Architectural Resources...4-45 Exhibit 4-6: Generalized Land Use...4-49 Exhibit 4-7: CW RSA FEA 2021 Proposed Action Noise Exposure Map...4-57 Exhibit 4-8: Demographic and Socioeconomic Study Area...4-63 Exhibit 4-9: Construction Vehicle Route and Potentially Affected Surface Roadways...4-67 Exhibit 4-10: On-Airport Traffic Study Area...4-71 Exhibit 4-11: 100-Year Floodplain...4-81 Exhibit 4-12: Site Geology and Groundwater Recharge Area...4-87 Exhibit 5-1: Construction Noise Sensitive Receptors...5-31 Exhibit 5-2 Terminal B/C Arrivals Level Curbside Phasing Plan Assumptions...5-43 Exhibit 5-3: Potential Light Sensitive Areas and Important Viewsheds in the Vicinity of the Airport...5-53 Exhibit 5-4: Cumulative Impact Actions...5-61 [ix]
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