Summary of Preparatory Study for Development Study

Summary of Preparatory Study for Development Study 1. Full Tile of the Project THE STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN DELHI IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA (hereinafter referred to as the Study ) 2. Type of the Study Master plan and Feasibility study (Pilot study) 3. Categorization and its Reason 1) Category: Category B in compliance with JICA Guideline 2) Reason: Several adverse impacts are expected for environmental items of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, local economy, land use and utilization of local resources, poverty, meteorology, landscape, global warming, bottom sediment, etc. 4. Agency or Institution Responsible for the Project Delhi Jal Board 5. Outline of the Project 5.1 Objectives The objective of the Study is to improve the drinking water supply system of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. 5.2 Justification Outlook: The Republic of India is one of the biggest countries in the world, which had population of 1,027,020,000 (Census 2001), GNI 7365.5 USD per capita (2006) and has land area of 3,280,000 km 2. The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD), the target area of this study, is under the direct control of central government with area of 1,438 km 2, and consist of following three parts; Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD:1,397k m2 ), New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC:43k m2 ), and Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB :43k m2 ). The population of NCTD was 13,900,000 at 2001, and is prospected to increase up to 22,000,000 at 2021 due to high birth rate and population inflow. Water supply body of the NCTD, Delhi Jal Board (DJB), was established at 1998 under Delhi Jal Board Act 1998. The DJB supplies clean water for MCD, and bulk water to NDMC and DCB. The main water resources are surface water (88%) of River Yamuna, River Ganga, River Sutlaj-Beas and groundwater (12%). Quantity of clean water for MCD is 2,436 million little/day, 1

however rate of non revenue water (NRW) is very high of 40.5 % due to leakage from transmission and distribution pipes and illegal connection of consumer pipes. In addition, water supply quantities vary widely from water supply zone to zone. Especially in southern area, water supply hour is limited to about two hours. This situation made many families to have installed tube wells in their home for self-defense. As a result, excess pumping of groundwater has still continued in several areas of NCTD. Under these circumstances, improvement and augmentation of present water supply system are pressing issues for NCTD. Relevance to the Indian government policy: Government of India aimed at providing water supply and sewage treatment to total population of urban area until 2011/2012 in the 11 th five-year scheme, and requires formulation of comprehensive urban development plan and realization of targets with utilising JNNURM etc. to every state government and every national territory. In addition, the central government has expressed increase of public investment for water supply in the common program (May 2004). 5.3 Location The study area is the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). 5.4 Proposed activity The proposed plan includes conducting a pilot study of Non Revenue Water (NRW) reduction in one district metering area (DMA), and technical assistance in development of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) in a pilot study area; formulating a action plan for NRW reduction, formulating an action plan of SCADA for the entire water supply system of NCTD; formulating a Master plan (M/P) for water supply system for year 2021 and extension of water supply and distribution network to outer areas in Delhi; and conducting an environmental and social consideration survey (at the Initial Environment al Examination level). The Study will be carried out in the period of twenty (20) months both in India and Japan in accordance with the tentative schedule. 5.5 Scope of the study Study I: Study on action plan for NRW reduction, NRW pilot project study and technical assistance in implementation of NRW reduction work of South III DMA 1) Hydraulic analysis of water supply and distribution network of South III DMA and sub-zoning of South III DMA for NRW reduction work 2) Selection of two (2) sub-zones (approximately 2,000 consumer connections each) for pilot project study and preparation of network drawing including customer connection pipe and meter. 3) Isolation work of the selected sub-zones such as installation of valves and flow meters, by Delhi Jal Board (hereinafter referred to as DJB ). 4) Essential training of the fieldwork skill for leak detection and pipe repair. 2

5) Survey on actual NRW conditions viz. leakage, meter defect and illegal connection, in the selected sub-zones including NRW rate. 6) Preparation of a NRW reduction work plan of the selected sub-zones. 7) Implementation of NRW reduction work of the selected sub-zones such as pipe repair, replacement of meter and legalization of illegal connection, by DJB. 8) Measurement of NRW rate after pilot project study and analysis on cost-benefit of NRW reduction work. 9) Preparation of a detailed action plan for NRW reduction work of South III DMA with recommendation on succeeding stage. 10)Technical assistance in implementation of NRW reduction work of South III DMA by DJB within the Study period 11)Preparation of an action plan for NRW reduction work for entire Delhi Study II: Study on SCADA for the entire water supply system of Delhi and technical assistance in development of SCADA in a pilot study area 1) Survey on actual operational conditions of water supply facilities. 2) Study on optimum use of SCADA for effective operation of water supply facilities. 3) Preparation of a development plan of SCADA in the pilot study area i.e. at Bhagirathi WTP (Water treatment plant) and its command area with taking GIS interface into consideration. 4) Essential training of planning of SCADA. 5) Procurement of equipment for development of SCADA in the pilot study area by DJB with technical assistance of the Study Team. 6) Technical assistance in development of SCADA in the pilot study area and essential training of operation of SCADA. 7) Preparation of an action plan for development of SCADA (including analysis and conceptual plan) for the entire water supply system of Delhi and recommendation on succeeding stage Study III: Study on master plan for water supply system for year 2021 and extension of water supply and distribution network to outer areas in Delhi 1) Collection and analysis of existing data and information. 2) Forecast of planning framework. 3) Preparation of network models of the existing system (water transmission and distribution mains) and future extension to outer areas in Delhi including. 4) Study on zoning and allocation of necessary WTP, pumping station and reservoir for optimum water supply and distribution network taking the planned new water resource into consideration up to 2021. 5) Formulation of master plan for rehabilitation, renewal and extension of water supply facilities up to 2021. 6) Assessment of the priority projects based on the above study and selection of the projects for mid-term implementation. 3

7) Cost estimation and financial analysis of the above projects. 8) Initial Environment Examination (IEE) and social survey on willingness to pay of the residents in outer areas in Delhi. 9) Recommendations 6. Description of the Project Site 6.1 Study area National Capital Territory of Delhi (UCTD) Bhagirathi WTP DCB NDMC Yamuna River Study area and Provisional pilot project areas NRW Pilot Project Area (South III ) SCADA Pilot Project Area 6.2 Environmental and social condition Following description is mainly quoted from JNNURM (City Development Plan Delhi, 2006). 6.2.1 Environmental condition 4

1) Physical Features The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of India. The main features of Delhi are the Aravalli hill ranges and the Yamuna River. The Aravalli hill ranges are covered with forest called the Ridges. The Yamuna River is the main resource of drinking water for the citizens of Delhi. There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the total area in Delhi. Delhi s mineral sources are primarily sand and stone which are used for construction activities. 2) Geology The geology of Delhi features pre-cambrian to Quaternary formations in geological age. The pre-cambrian formations are represented by the Alwar Quartzites. These are overlain by the Aeolian deposits, which are further overlain by the old and the new alluvial deposits. 3) Climate Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot summers, moderate winters and average rainfall. Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3 C in January to 34.5 C in June. During the summer months of April, May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees Celsius. Winters are typically cold with minimum temperatures during December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree Celsius. The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in July, August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the Yamuna River can result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. 4) Landuse 44% of the geographical area of Delhi is built-up area. This includes the Delhi urban limits, built-up area in rural-use zones and farmhouse. Even though the Delhi ridge and Asola wildlife sanctuary area has been designated as protected area, built up areas are found in certain pockets. 41% of the area is under agriculture. 5) Water Resource 5-1) Surface water Table-1 Landuse of NCTD Land Use Percentage Built up Area 44 Agriculture 41 Vegetative Cover 8 Water Body 4 Waste Land 2 Open Land 1 Total 100 Source: DEUIP + State of Environment, Report for Delhi, 2001 Surface water contributes to over 86% of Delhi s total drinking water. The Yamuna River provides the major share of this water. Other resources of drinking water supply to Delhi include the Himalayan Rivers through different interstate arrangements and sub-surface resources like 5

Ranney wells and tube wells. 5-2) Ground water Table-2 Resources of drinking water Resource Quantity (MLD) Yamuna 950 Bhakra Storage 905 Ganga 450 Surface Water Sub Total 2305 Ranney Wells/ Tube wells 365 Total Raw Water 2670 Source: Delhi Urban Environment & Infrastructure Improvement Project, Status Report for Delhi-21 Ground water exploration is carried out at a depth range of 50 to 150 m in the Delhi Quartzite. The Quaternary deposits constitute the major repository of ground water. Total ground water resources in the NCT Delhi are estimated around as 28156.32 ha m (Central Ground Water Board). The annual extraction of ground water is estimated around 47945.18 ha m (Central Ground Water Board). The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. 6) Forest Resources Following table shows the areas of protected forests under the Department of Forest and Wildlife. There is one man-made wildlife sanctuary in Delhi managed by the Department of Forests and Wildlife that is Asola Wildlife Sanctuary. Table-3 Protected Forests under Department of Forests and Wildlife Name of the Area (acres) Protected Forest Mitraon 105 Sultanpur 120 Mukhlempur 133 Rajokri 600 Source: Department of Forests and Wildlife, Gov. of NCTD 7) Heritage Resource The NCTD has a lot of heritage resource in the area. These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi, encompassing a vast range of heritage typologies, including: - Archaeological sites, 6

- Fortifications, citadels, different types of palace buildings and administrative complexes, - Religious structures and complexes, including Dargah complexes - Memorials, funerary structures, tombs - Historic gardens, - Traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management - Hunting lodge complexes, - Living settlements such as the historic Walled City, and historic housing stock, - Urbanized historic villages or traditional settlements. 6.2.2 Social condition 1) Demography Delhi has been one of the fastest growing cities in the country, clocking over 47% decadal growth from 1991-2001, more than double the national rate. A large part of this rapid growth has been due to the high level of migration. Total population of Delhi was13,850,507 at Census 2001. The annual average exponential growth rate of population of Delhi was the highest (6.42%) during 1941-1951 due to large-scale migration from Pakistan to India after partition in 1947. Since then the annual growth has been recorded at 4.22 % during 1951-1961; 4.25% during 1961-1971; 4.25% during 1971-1981 and 4.15% during 1981-1991. The annual growth rate of population of Delhi during 1991-2001 has been recorded as 3.85%. 2) Economy Delhi is rapidly emerging as a world-class metropolis. With a 15% average compounded growth rate, it has one of the fastest growing economies in the country, among cities with million plus population. As with all metros, Delhi s economy is driven by the services sector, which accounts for 78% of its GDP and provides employment to 58% of the labor force. The growing affluence of its populace is reflected by the relatively high per capita income, which at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 ranks second only to Chandigarh. Its literacy rate of 81.82% (as per census 2001) is fourth highest among states in the country. At the same time, this affluence acts as a magnet for immigration from neighboring states and drives the rapid growth in the City s population. On the one hand the growing population, coupled with the growing per capita income is fuelling the growth of the services sector, which in turn provides employment to a majority of the work force. The high proportion of immigration also provides a ready pool of sources for the unorganized sector of the City, which constitutes a significant portion of the overall economy of Delhi. 3) Urban Poor The Planning Commission of Central Government estimates the proportion and number of poor based on the projection of minimum needs and effective consumption. Such a projection is based 7

on the norm of 2,100 calorie per capita per day consumption for an urban area. The calorie norms are invariably expressed in monetary terms that change with respect to weighted commodity indices of the consumer price index. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. The figure has been declining steadily to 26.22% in 1983; 16.4% in 1991 and 14.69% in 1993-94. The percentage of people below poverty line declined to 10.02% in 2001. Around 1 Lakh homeless people (pavement dwellers) constitute another component of the poor in Delhi. They are mostly found in the Walled City or its surrounding areas and generally sleep on the pavements. 7. Legal Framework subject to Environmental and Social Considerations 7.1 Laws, Regulations and Standards Related to Environmental and Social Considerations including requirements and procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), stakeholder participation, and information disclosure 1) Laws, Regulations and Standards Related to Environmental and Social Considerations The framework for environment Protection is dictated by the The Environment (Protection) Act enacted in 1986, which is the fundamental law governing environmental protection. The first Notification on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is promulgated at 27 th January 1994, and many amendments or revision added time to time. The latest main notification of EIA is promulgated at 14 th September 2006. The other relevant laws on environmental impact assessment are shown in the table below. Table-4 Relevant Environmental Laws and their Enactment Dates The Notification on Environment Impact Assessment 14 September, 2006 Corrigendum 13 November, 2006 Clarification regarding Consideration of Integrated Projects 6 February, 2007 EIA Notification dated 14 th September, 2006 Follow up 15 February, 2007 action reg. 2) Requirements and Procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Requirements of EIA Water supply project itself is not listed in the Schedule of the Notification on EIA (hereafter referred to as EIA Not.2006). However, construction of large-scale buildings including facilities with open to the sky with the area (20,000 m 2 <= area < 150,000 m 2 ) are required EIA. Therefore the necessity of EIA Clearance depends on the proposed projects in the master plan by this JICA Study. Procedure of EIA According to the EIA Not.2006, the environmental clearance procedures in India are as follows: 8

The environmental clearance process for new projects will comprise of a maximum of four stages, all of which may not apply to particular cases described in the notification. These four stages in sequential order are: Stage (1) Screening (Only for Category B projects and activities) Stage (2) Scoping Stage (3) Public Consultation Stage (4) Appraisal Stage (1) - Screening: In case of Category B projects or activities in the EIA Not.2006, this stage will entail the scrutiny of an application seeking prior environmental clearance by the State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) for determining whether or not the project or activity requires further environmental studies for preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for its appraisal prior to the grant of environmental clearance depending upon the nature and location specificity of the project. The projects requiring an EIA report shall be termed Category B1 and remaining projects (Category B2 ) will not require an Environment Impact Assessment report. Category A projects are not required the screening. Stage (2) - Scoping: The Expert Appraisal Committee (for Category A ) of Central Government or State Expert Appraisal Committee (for Category B1 ) of NCTD determines the Terms of Reference on the basis of the information furnished in the prescribed application Form1/Form 1A in the EIA Not.2006 including Terms of Reference proposed by the applicant. All projects and activities listed as Category B in Item 8 of the Schedule (Construction/Township/Commercial Complexes /Housing) in the EIA Not.2006 do not require Scoping and will be appraised on the basis of Form 1/ Form 1A and the conceptual plan. The Terms of Reference (TOR) is conveyed to the applicant by the Expert Appraisal Committee or State Expert Appraisal Committee within sixty days of the receipt of Form 1. Stage (3) - Public Consultation: All Category A and Category B1 projects or activities shall undertake Public Consultation, except the followings: (a) Modernization of irrigation projects (item 1(c) (ii) of the Schedule), (b) All projects or activities located within industrial estates or parks (item 7(c) of the Schedule) approved by the concerned authorities, and which are not disallowed in such approvals, (c) Expansion of Roads and Highways (item 7 (f) of the Schedule) which do not involve any further acquisition of land, (d) All Building /Construction projects/area Development projects and Townships (item 8), 9

(e) All Category B2 projects and activities, and (f) All projects or activities concerning national defence and security or involving other strategic considerations as determined by the Central Government. The public hearing is conducted by the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or the Union territory Pollution Control Committee (UTPCC) within 45 (forty five) days of a request to the effect from the applicant. After completion of the public consultation, the applicant addresses all the material environmental concerns expressed during this process, and make appropriate changes in the draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so prepared, is submitted by the applicant to the concerned regulatory authority for appraisal. The applicant can alternatively submit a supplementary report to draft EIA and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) addressing all the concerns expressed during the public consultation. Stage (4) - Appraisal: The appraisal is made by Expert Appraisal Committee or State Expert Appraisal Committee concerned in a transparent manner. The appraisal of all projects or activities which are not required to undergo public consultation, or submit an EIA report, are carried out on the basis of the prescribed application Form 1 and Form 1A. The appraisal of an application is completed by the Expert Appraisal Committee or State Expert Appraisal Committee concerned within sixty days of the receipt of the final EIA report and other documents or the receipt of Form 1 and Form 1 A, where public consultation is not necessary and the recommendations of the Expert Appraisal Committee or State Expert Appraisal Committee is placed before the competent authority for a final decision within the next fifteen days. 3) Stakeholder participation The procedure for conduct of public hearing is described at Appendix IV of the EIA Not.2006 The process is as follows; - The Applicant makes a request through a simple letter to the Member Secretary of the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), - The Applicant encloses with the letter of request, at least 10 hard copies and an equivalent number of soft (electronic) copies of the draft EIA Report, prepared strictly in accordance with the Terms of Reference communicated after Scoping (Stage-2). Simultaneously the applicant arranges to forward copies, one hard and one soft, of the above draft EIA Report along with the Summary EIA report to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and to the following authorities or offices, within whose jurisdiction the project will be located: 10

(a) District Magistrate/s (b) Municipal Corporation (c) District Industries Office (d) Concerned Regional Office of the MoEF - On receiving the draft EIA report, the abovementioned authorities except the MoEF, shall arrange to widely publicize it within their respective jurisdictions requesting the interested persons to send their comments to the concerned regulatory authorities. They also make available the draft EIA Report for inspection electronically or otherwise to the public during normal office hours till the Public Hearing is over. The MoEF promptly display the Summary of the draft EIA report on its website, and also make the full draft EIA available for reference at a notified place during normal office hours in the Ministry at Delhi. - The Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) also make similar arrangements for giving publicity about the project within the UCTD and make available the Summary of the draft EIA report for inspection in select offices or public libraries etc. They also additionally make available a copy of the draft EIA report to the above five authorities/offices viz, MoEF, District Magistrate etc. 4) Information disclosure The information disclosure system through EIA clearance procedure is already mentioned above. In addition, the Right to Information Act came into force on the 12 th October, 2005 (120 th day from its enactment on 15th June, 2005). The Act extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. It includes the right to; - Inspect works, documents, records, - Take notes, extracts or certified copies of documents or records. - Take certified samples of material. - Obtain information in form of printouts, diskettes, floppies, tapes, video cassettes or in any other electronic mode or through printouts. 11

7.2 Relative Agencies and Institutions 1) Directly Relative Agencies and Institution for EIA Name of the Agency Role Ministry of Environment & The MoEF is the nodal agency in the administrative Forests (MoEF) structure of the Central Government. The Impact Assessment Division controls the EIA in whole country and controls EIA application of Category A.. State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPPCA) Central Ground Water Board SEIAA is constituted by the Central Government under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. EAC controls ant appraises EIA application of Category A. SEAC controls and appraises EAI application of Category B. The DPCC hold public hearing for the application of Category B in EIA procedure at Delhi level Enforcement of environmental regulation in NCR, hazardous substances Control of well digging and ground water monitoring. 2) Other Relative Agencies and Institution Name of the Agency The Role Central Pollution Control Board Compliance at national level, monitoring of water quality of the Yamuna River and discharging drains at various locations Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPPCA) Department of Industry Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC) Delhi Development Authority (DDA) New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) Central Water Commission Central Ground Water Board Solid Waste Management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning Enforcement of environmental regulation in National Capital Region, hazardous substances relocation of polluting and non conforming industries Development of parks and open spaces Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the New Delhi area Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the Delhi Cantonment area Monitors the river flow and water quality at three regular stations Ground water monitoring. 12

Other Relative Agencies and Institution (Continue) Name of the Agency The Role Ridge Management Board Management of Delhi Ridge Irrigation and Flood Control Department Delhi Jal Board (DJB) Management of water bodies lakes, tanks and ponds of Delhi Ensuring water supply & sewerage treatment in Delhi, and discharges in River Yamuna. 8. Provisional Scoping (types and magnitudes of possible adverse impacts ) The preparatory study team conducted provisional scoping for the Study in compliance with JICA Guideline. The components of the Study are NRW reduction pilot project, SCADA pilot project. And possible components to be proposed in the M/P are likely to be reconstruction/rehabilitation of existing water treatment plants (WTPs) and pipe networks, and construction of new WTPs and water supply facilities in outer areas of Delhi. The SCADA project is excluded from the scoping due to no adverse impact expected. Therefore the scoping for possible five components is examined at this stage. The result is shown following pages. 13

Environmental Elements Social Environment 1 Involuntary Resettlement 2 Local Economy such as employment and Livelihood, etc. 3 Land use and Utilization of Local resources 4 The poor, Indigenous and Ethnic people NRW Project in the Zone South III Provisional Scoping for the Study Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing WTPs Provisional Possible Components in the M/P Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing Pipe Networks Construction of New WTPs in outer areas of Delhi Construction of New Water Supply Facilities in outer areas of Delhi Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification C The roadwork may B The roadwork may B Small scale B Small scale entail temporary entail temporary resettlement of local resettlement of local involuntary involuntary residents may be residents may be resettlement of resettlement of required. required. pavement dwellers if pavement dwellers in they live in the zone. the Walled City or its C The roadwork may temporarily cost pavement dwellers their job opportunities and means of livelihood if they live in the zone. C Pavement dwellers may temporarily loose their means of livelihood if they live in the zone. surrounding areas. B The roadwork may temporarily cost pavement dwellers their job opportunities and means of livelihood in the Walled City or its surrounding areas. B The poor are basically considered to be beneficiaries of the project. However, Pavement dwellers may temporarily loose their means of livelihood during the roadwork. - Drinking-water selling businesses with small scale seem not to have been developed yet. The upcoming development study shall clarify the issue. B Land-use alteration of acquisitioned lands is probably expected The issue on water resource is out of scope of this project, B Land-use alteration of acquisitioned lands is probably expected 14

Environmental Elements Social Environment Natural Environment 5 Cultural Heritage 6 Topography and Geological Features 7 Flora and Fauna and Biodiversity NRW Project in the Zone South III Provisional Scoping for the Study (continue 1) Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing WTPs Provisional Possible Components in the M/P Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing Pipe Networks Construction of New WTPs in outer areas of Delhi Construction of New Water Supply Facilities in outer areas of Delhi Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification C The Siri Fort exists in C NCTD riches in NCTD riches in NCTD riches in the Zone, however, the. cultural heritage, cultural heritage, cultural heritage, adverse impacts especially in the against the Fort are central zone. unknown at present. 8 Meteorology Hhowever, the adverse impacts against those are unknown at present. however, the adverse impacts against those are unknown at present. C The construction may have adverse impacts on important topography and geological features. However, its possibility and extent are unknown at present. C Many conservation and protected areas exist in the NCTD. Hhowever, the adverse impacts against those are unknown at present. B Enough water supplies may cause expansion of urbanized area and industrial development in NCTD. It may contribute to change of local meteorology. C C B however, the adverse impacts against those are unknown at present. The construction may have adverse impacts on important topography and geological features. However, its possibility and extent are unknown at present. Many conservation and protected areas exist in the NCTD. Hhowever, the adverse impacts against those are unknown at present. Enough water supplies may cause expansion of urbanized area and industrial development in NCTD. It may contribute to change of local meteorology. 15

Environmental Elements Natural Environment Pollution NRW Project in the Zone South III Provisional Scoping for the Study (continue 2) Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing WTPs Provisional Possible Components in the M/P Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing Pipe Networks Construction of New WTPs in outer areas of Delhi Construction of New Water Supply Facilities in outer areas of Delhi Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification 9 Landscape B The construction may B The construction may. influence landscape to influence landscape to 10 Global Warming 11 Air Pollution 12 Water B The augmentation of Pollution supply water will increase discharged water to natural water resources and cause their deterioration. 13 Wastes C Generated wastes are anticipated very marginal. 14 Noise and Vibration B Some noise/vibrations may occur during the roadwork. B The construction vehicles may cause air pollution B The augmentation of supply water will increase discharged water to natural water resources and cause their deterioration. B Increase of B construction and sludge wastes are anticipated. Some noise/vibrations may occur during the roadwork. B The construction vehicles may cause air pollution B The augmentation of supply water will increase discharged water to natural water resources and cause their deterioration. B Increase of B construction wastes may happen. It will depend on contents of proposal. Some noise/vibrations may occur during the roadwork. B some extent. Enough water supplies may cause expansion of urbanized area and industrial development in NCTD. It may contribute to global warming. B The construction vehicles may cause air pollution B The augmentation of supply water will increase discharged water to natural water resources and cause their deterioration. B Increase of sludge wastes is anticipated due to increase of treated water.. B Some noise/vibrations may occur during the roadwork. B some extent. Enough water supplies may cause expansion of urbanized area and industrial development in NCTD. It may contribute to global warming. B The construction vehicles may cause air pollution B C B The augmentation of supply water will increase discharged water to natural water resources and cause their deterioration. Generated wastes are anticipated very marginal. Some noise/vibrations may occur during the roadwork. 16

Environmental Elements Pollution Bottom Sediment Overall judgement NRW Project in the Zone South III Provisional Scoping for the Study (continue 3) Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing WTPs Provisional Possible Components in the M/P Reconstruction/Rehabilitation of existing Pipe Networks Construction of New WTPs in outer areas of Delhi Construction of New Water Supply Facilities in outer areas of Delhi Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification Rating and Justification B B Augmentation of water supply will entail increase of sludge and back wash water in WTPs. The discharged sludge and back wash water may deposit in drains and river bottoms. Augmentation of water supply will entail increase of sludge and back wash water in WTPs. The discharged sludge and back wash water may deposit in drains and river bottoms. B The NRW project may increase of discharged water and cause deterioration of surrounding water environment. In addition, some noise/vibration may occur temporarily during the roadwork. The M/P is likely to propose reconstruction/rehabilitation of existing WTPs and pipe networks, and construction of new WTPs and water supply facilities in outer areas of Delhi. In such a case, the implementation of those proposed components may cause adverse impacts such as land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, local economy, land use and utilization of local resources, poverty, meteorology, landscape, global warming, bottom sediment, etc. Note : Rating A : Serious, B : Some, C : Extent of impact is unknown - : No. IEE or EIA is not necessary. 17

9. Alternatives to the project activities including without project option and impact mitigation measures 9.1 Alternatives to the project activities The Study aims at improvement of drinking water supply condition to meet drinking water demand in NCTD. On the other hand, rapid growth population in NCTD requires larger amount of drinking water supply, however, the water resource in NCTD is limited and scarce: groundwater tables have been getting lower and lower in various areas for years and the groundwater quality also getting worse in NCTD. Other water resource in the Study Area, i.e. rain water, is also limited. Therefore, the development plan of those local water resources can not meets increasing water demand, and can not be alternatives of the Study. Other idea for alternatives is decentralization of current and future population in NCTD. However, the main cause of rapid growth population in NCTD is population inflow from neighbour states, and the upper level Mater plan of the Study, Delhi Master Plan 2021, has been formulated on the base of prospected increased population. Therefore the idea with decentralization of the population is not realistic as the alternative. Under these situations, it is very difficult to find effective alternatives of the Study so that consideration about without project case and with project case is implemented from the environmental and social points of view. The consideration result is shown in following table as relative evaluation. Social Environment Consideration results on without project case and with project case Case Environmental Elements Without the Study With the Study Impacts Good Impact /Bad 1 Involuntary Nothing will occur. Partially possible Resettlement 2 Local Economy No change Creation of employment opportunity, temporary involuntary resettlement of pavement dwellers 3 Land use and No change Change of land use Utilization of Local resources 4 Social institution Deterioration of Increase of reliability such as Social reliability among among citizens, infrastructure and citizens, Government Government of NCTD and - Local of NCTD and DJB DJB decision-making institutions 5 Existing Social Infrastructure and Services 6 The poor, Indigenous and Ethnic people 7 Misdistribution of benefits and Damage. No change Deterioration of health and water supply conditions No change - Good /Bad - +/- Improvement of drinking water supply condition :+ Improvement of health and water supply conditions + Realization of fair allocation of drinking water 8 Cultural Heritage No change No change is anticipated - + + 18

Social Environment Natural environment Consideration results on without project case and with project case (continue) Environmental Elements Without the Study Impacts Good /Bad Case With the Study Impact 9 Local Conflict of Scrambling of drinking Mitigation of sscrambling - interest water of drinking water + 10 Water Usage, Water Rights and Commune No change Out of the scope of the Study Rights 11 Sanitation Deterioration of health Improvement of health and and water supply conditions - drinking water supply condition + 12 Natural Disaster Nothing will occur. Decrease of draught (Risk) damage + Infectious Disease No change. No change such as HIV/AIDS 13 Topography and No change The impacts are unknown Geological Features 14 Soil Erosion No change No possibility 15 Groundwater Illegal digging of wells Appropriate groundwater - may increase. use + 16 Hydrological No change. Out of the scope Situation 17 Coastal area No coastal area No coastal area 18 Flora and Fauna and No change Avoiding adverse impacts Biodiversity 19 Meteorology No change Change of local meteorology by extension - of urbanized area 20 Landscape No change Partially possible - 21 Global Warming No change Global warming by extension of urbanized - area 22 Air Pollution Nothing will occur. Temporarily occur? - 23 Water Pollution Nothing will occur. Increase of discharged water - 24 Soil Contamination Nothing will occur. Almost nothing will occur 25 Wastes No change Increase of wastes? 26 Noise and Vibration No change Temporarily occur - 27 Ground Subsidence Increase of illegal Decrease of illegal groundwater use may groundwater use - cause ground + subsidence 28 Offensive Odor Nothing will occur. No change 29 Bottom Sediment Nothing will occur. Deposition of sludge in drains and river beds. - 30 Accidents Nothing will occur. Almost nothing will occur Note : +: Positive impact, -: Adverse impact, +/- Both impacts will occur Pollution Good /Bad The consideration above brings following conclusion; Without the Study case is considered to bring increases of drinking water shortage, its pollution, illegal distraction of groundwater and illegal connection to water transmission and 19

distribution pipes. In addition to that, it will bring deterioration of social capital among Government of NCTD, DJB and citizens. With the Study case is considered to bring adverse impacts such as temporary involuntary resettlement of pavement dwellers and few permanent involuntary resettlement, and positive impacts such as dissolution of water shortage and water pollution, realization of fair water allocation, moderation of interest opposition, reduction of drought damage, appropriate groundwater use, creation of job opportunity, increase of social capital and so on; the With project case shows high performances though it has several adverse impacts. The implementation of the Study is supposed to be more relevant than without the Study case for sustainable development of NCTD. 9.2 Provisional impact mitigation measures to be considered Provisional mitigation measures to be considered listed in the following table for with the Study case Provisional impact mitigation measures to be considered Environmental Elements Alternatives / Mitigation Measures 1 Involuntary Resettlement Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, the land acquisition shall be planed to minimize involuntary resettlement. 2 Local Economy It is necessary to make a plan to decrease loss of means of livelihood of pavement dwellers. 3 Land use and Utilization of Local resources Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, allocation of the water supply systems and land acquisition shall be planed to minimize the impacts against those land use and utilization of local resources. 6 Poor It is necessary to make a plan to decrease loss of means of livelihood of pavement dwellers. 8 Cultural Heritage Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, allocation of the water supply systems shall be planed to minimize the impacts against cultural heritage. Social Environment Natural Environment 6 Topography and Geological Features Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, allocation of the water supply systems and land acquisition shall be planed to minimize the impacts against valuable topography and geological features. 20

Natural Environment Pollution Pollution Provisional impact mitigation measures to be considered (continue) Environmental Elements 6 Topography and Geological Features 7 Flora and Fauna and Biodiversity Alternatives / Mitigation Measures Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, allocation of the water supply systems and land acquisition shall be planed to minimize the impacts against valuable topography and geological features. Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, allocation of the water supply systems and land acquisition shall be planed to minimize the impacts against valuable flora and fauna and biodiversity. 8 Meteorology Envisaged local meteorological change will be a result of urbanization planed in Delhi Master Plan 2021. It is impossible to avoid the impacts by this project itself. 9 Landscape Rehabilitation and augmentation of existing water supply systems shall be firstly examined to increase water supply capacity. In case that there are no other ways except construction of new water supply system, the facilities shall be designed to minimize the impacts against existing landscape. 10 Global Warming Envisaged global warming will be a result of urbanization planed in Delhi Master Plan 2021. It is impossible to avoid global warming by this project itself. 11 Air Pollution Countermeasures against air pollution shall be taken during the construction stages of the proposed water supply system. 12 Water Pollution Suitable treatment of back washed water and sludge disposal in water treatment plants shall be considered. It is desirable to conduct enlightening activity of public about saving water for decrease of pollution load in discharged water. 13 Waste Suitable treatment for construction debris and sludge disposal in water treatment plants shall be considered. 14 Noise and Vibration The equipment with lower noise and vibration shall be preferred in the M/P. In addition, allocation plan, which can minimize the impacts to surrounding area, shall be examined. 15 Bottom Sediment Treatment of back wasted water and sludge disposal in water treatment plants shall be considered. 10. Result of the consultation with recipient government or environmental and social consideration including roles and responsibilities. No consultation results with recipient government at present. 11. Terms of Reference of Environmental and Social Considerations Collect necessary additional information and review results of the provisional environmental scoping 21

carried out during the preparatory study, and conduct the environmental screening and scoping as Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) in the phase of the Study in accordance with the JICA Environmental and Social Considerations Guideline. Water supply project itself is not listed in the Schedule of the EIA Not.2006 of Indian government regulation. However, construction of large-scale buildings including facilities with open to the sky with the area (20,000 m 2 <= area < 150,000 m 2 ) are required EIA. Therefore it is necessary to obtain EIA Clearance to implement the components proposed in the M/P under the Study when the proposed facilities request wider areas than the regulation value. 12. Other relevant information For baseline information related to the environment in the Study Area, State of Environment of Delhi, 2008 will issue at an early date. The information will be available at Department of Environment in Government of NCTD. 22