Presentation on Rural Roads: Changing Scenario & Challenges Ahead By: N C Solanki Director (Projects-I) National Rural Roads Development Agency Ministry of Rural Development 1 Government of India
Status of Road Network in India Total length of road network in India : 33 Lakh km National Highways : 79,443 Km (2%) State Highways & Major District Roads : 5,99,662 Km (18%) National Highways 2% Rural Roads 80% State Highways and Major District Roads 18% Rural Roads : 26,50,000 Km (80%) Source: MoRTH, MoRD 2
PMGSY- SALIENT FEATURES Launched on 25 th December 2000 as a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Aims to provide single all-weather road connectivity to eligible unconnected rural habitations of having population upto 500 in normal areas and 250 and above in hilly / desert / tribal and Left Wings Extremism (LWE) affected / Integrated Action Plan (IAP) Districts. Upgradation of Selected Road Works. Implementation through Planned Core Network. Project Implementation by the States/UTs NRRDA at National Level for technical support to MoRD. Implementation by the States- SRRDA at State level and PIUs at district level. 3
PMGSY- SALIENT FEATURES Cont.. Maintenance budgeted by the States. Three tier Quality Monitoring Mechanism at District level (PIU), State level (SQMs) and National Level (NQMs). Inbuilt 5 year maintenance by the same contractor. On-Line Monitoring through Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS). 4
Management Strategy Management strategy aimed at embedding quality awareness in all processes of implementation put in place for PMGSY. Appropriate Institutional Architecture Systematic Network Planning Structured Project Preparation and Selection Process Setting Standards and Specifications Standardization of Bidding Process e procurement Rigorous Quality Monitoring Need Based Training, R & D Web based Monitoring Mechanism. 5
Current Status Physical Progress Scheme Total Eligible Projects Cleared (%age in brackets) Achievement ( Upto June, 2014) Habitations (in Nos.) 1,78,184 PMGSY 1,44,612 (81%) 99,696 69% of cleared Length in km (New Connectivity) - 3,59,609 2,55,779 71% of cleared Length in km. (Up-gradation) 2,24,906 1,96,631 (87%) 1,53,373 78% of cleared Upgradation length (Km) 50,000 PMGSY-II 11,234.68 (22.5%) Recent sanctions 6
Financial Progress (Since inception upto June 2014) Projects cleared ( Rs. in Crore) Funds released to the States ( Rs. in Crore) Expenditure by States ( Rs. in Crore) 1,82,692 1,13,322 1,16,590 *Including interest accrued of Rs..3,341 Cr. 7
Issues and Challenges Developing a transparent and acceptable methodology for selecting projects, and finalizing assignments with public participation. Creating capacity in the engineering organization to be able to prepare need based DPRs keeping in view traffic and site requirements. Developing external institutional support for planning, DPR scrutiny and technical HR capacity building. Contractor development by improving quality of contracts, developing contracting capacity. Creating a quality control system with responsibility of contractor and accountability of PIU, with independent monitoring. Improving project management skills by ensuring institutional development, creating monitoring tools and laying down clear SOPs and enforcing them. Involving local Government and CSOs during the planning, execution and utilization phases and interaction with local development processes. 8
Issues and Challenges Cont.. Creating maintenance consciousness, increasing dedicated funding for maintenance and helping create maintenance management systems and practices including community based maintenance. Creating processes to incentivise innovation and R&D in road construction including use of local and marginal materials and development of cost effective need based designs. Road Safety issues in design, execution and operation and linking road safety features with local context. 9
PMGSY-II - Features Union Cabinet approved PMGSY-II on 1 st May, 2013. Aims at consolidation of rural road network, to leverage the gains of PMGSY-I, through upgradation of Through Routes and Major Link Routes. Guidelines published and posted on the website. All States/ UTs are eligible to Participate in PMGSY- II once they substantially award PMGSY works. DRRP is the basis of PMGSY II and not Core Network. Centre- State Sharing pattern : 75:25 [ Special Areas- 90:10] 10
PMGSY-II Features Cont.. 12 th Five Year Plan period target- 50,000 Km length under PMGSY-II. State-wise allocation made based on the pro-rata basis of length in PMGSY [20-25% of PMGSY UpgradationTargets]. 6 States- Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh - sanctioned PMGSY II roads. (11234.68 Km length sanctioned). 11
Changing Scenario Socio Economic Impact 12
Better transport, improved access and saving in travel cost and time Growth in tertiary activities banking, schools, medical facilities, public services, service sector employment New/ Improved Rural Roads Exploitation of resource potential leading to higher incomes Development of small business at villages and road junctions Emergence of demand for new activities and services 13
Socio Economic Impacts Agriculture..Livelihoods.... Income... 14
Use of Improved Seeds Fertilizers and Quantity of Production ( % Households) 18.27 Vegetables and Fruits Cereals 5.72 5.21 9.42 12.42 11.89 3.89 2.39 Use of Improved Seeds and Fertilizers Increase in quantity of production Use of Improved Seeds and Fertilizers Increase in quantity of production Unconnected Habitations Connected Habitations Study 2007-2010, 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation, ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication 15 2011, CMI Social Research Centre, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
Change in Cropping Pattern Cropped Area ( % Households) 64.47 42.74 45.66 27.47 8.07 11.6 Cereals Pulses Vegetables, Fruits etc. Before PMGSY After PMGSY Study 2007-2010, 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation. ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication 16 2011, CMI Social Research Centre, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
Access to Agriculture Market 8.04 In minutes/km. 4.18 3.3 2.48 Four Wheeler Unconnected Connected Mini Bus 17 Study 2007-2011, 10 States, 33 Districts, 750 Habitation, 11,490 Households Publication 2012, LEA Associates SA, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
% Households Acquired Assets Post PMGSY 49.42 38.45 30.57 23.73 Farm Machinery Cattles and Poultry Birds Unconnected Habaitations Connected Habitations Study 2007-2010, 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication 18 2011, CMI Social Research Centre, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
Increase in days Employed ( % households) 52.57 51.07 53.16 40.34 36.8 30.4 Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand Rajasthan Unconnected Connected Study 2007-2010, 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication 19 2011, CMI Social Research Centre, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
% Households Reported Increase in Realized Prices of Agriculture Products 46.64 34.59 9.49 13.59 Cereals Unconnected Habaitations Vegetables, Fruits and Others Connected Habitations Study 2007-2010, 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ):Publication 20 2011, CMI Social Research Centre, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
Status of Household Income (in Rs.) (57%) 7006 5176 5014 4466 4428 (18%) 5221 Connected Habitations Unconnected Habitations 2007 2009 2010 Study 2007-2011, 10 States, 33 Districts, 750 Habitation, 11,490 Households Publication 2012, 21 LEA Associates SA, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
Socio Economic Impacts Health Services Kerala 22
CMI Social Research Centre Healthcare Institutional Deliveries (Child Birth) Before PMGSY 24% 43% After PMGSY 57% 76% Home/ Conventional Institutional Delivery (Govt hospitals, PHC/CHC etc.) LEA Associates 33% (2009) 67% 51% (2011) 49% 23
Maternal Deaths and Infant Mortality 0 % Change in Maternal Deaths % Change in Mortaility Under 5 Yrs Age -2-4 -6-8 -10-12 -14-12.26-7.98-10.28-16 -18-20 -18.29 Unconnected Connected ADB Study- 2005-06 to 2007-08, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Connected road- length of 550 km and serves 82 habitations. 24
Socio Economic Impacts Education 25
% Females Enrolled in Schools 26 Study 2007-2010, 17 States, 50 Districts, 748 Habitation ( 3 years prior &after ): Publication 2011, CMI Social Research Centre, New Delhi, Ministry of Rural Development
Road Ahead Focus on Capacity Building through orientations/trainings of field engineers. Relaxations for faster implementation in IAP areas. Engaging CPSUs under Tripartite agreement to augment execution capacity. A Rural Road Maintenance Policy in all States to ensure long term sustainability of road assets. State Quality Monitor (SQM) and National Quality Monitor (NQM) inspections enhanced with use of IT intervention to ensure qualitative improvement. Focus on cost effective technologies and marginal materials in the rural road construction. Cluster approach in sanctioning projects in difficult areas in place of Comprehensive New Connectivity Priority List (CNCPL). 27
Socio Economic Impacts Other Impacts 28
Rural Access before PMGSY and After 29
Rural Access before PMGSY and After 30
Rural Access before PMGSY and After 31
Machinery & Equipments in PMGSY 32
RCCP- Karnataka INNOVATIONS Water conservation along CDs Gravel Roads 33
Hill Cutting in difficult terrain Arunachal Pradesh 34
Earth Work in Plain Terrain 35
Field Quality Checks 36
Construction of Base Course 37
Bituminous Layer Construction 38
Roads Built in Forest Areas M P 39
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