Appendix A: UK National Air Quality Strategy The air quality objectives set out at national level in the Air Quality (Standards) Regulations 2010, provide the statutory basis for the air quality objectives under LAQM in England (see Table 1). Local Authorities in England are expected to report on Nitrogen Dioxides (NO 2 ), Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) as standard within their Annual Status Reports (ASRs). In addition, they now have a flexible role in working towards reducing emissions and concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ). Local authorities must review present and future air quality, and designate Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) where air quality objectives are not, or not likely, to be achieved. Once designated, they must develop Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs) detailing remedial measures. Table 1: Air Quality Objectives Contained in the Air Quality Standards Regulations 2010 transposed from the 2008 EU Ambient Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC) Pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 )** Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Benzene* Air Quality Objective Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 50 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 25 µg/m 3 Annual mean 15% reduction in average urban 3-year running background concentrations against annual mean a 2010 baseline 350 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 1-hour mean 125 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 3 24-hour mean times a year 266 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 15-minute 35 times a year mean 16.25 µg/m 3 Running annual mean 5.00 µg/m 3 Annual mean 1,3-butadiene* 2,25 µg/m 3 Running annual mean Carbon monoxide* 10 µg/m 3 Maximum daily running 8-hour mean Lead* 0.25 µg/m 3 Annual mean * Local Authorities are no longer expected to report annually on Benzene, 1,3-butadiene, Carbon Monoxide and Lead as objectives for these pollutants have been met for several years and are well below limit values ** Local Authorities have a flexible role in working towards reducing PM 2.5
Appendix B: Map of NO 2 Monitoring Sites across the Borough of Poole
Appendix C: Background to the AQMAs in Poole Commercial Road (Ashley Cross) AQMA An AQMA for NO 2 was declared for a small area at Commercial Road in September 2010 (see Figure 1 for map). An AQAP was submitted to DEFRA in April 2013. DEFRA expect that AQAPs are reviewed within 5 years of issue at the latest and this will provide an opportunity to assess further potential options for reducing emissions within the AQMA. Seven measures are now completed in the category of Traffic Management. There are a total of five measures from the Commercial Road AQAP that have been removed from the programme due to not being funded, lack of support etc. Four measures from the LTP that also form part of the AQAP are partially complete with further work ongoing and one measure that is an ongoing initiative. These are within the categories of Traffic Management and Promoting Travel Alternatives. Ashley Road AQMA An AQMA for NO2 was declared at Ashley Road in September 2011 and amended (extended) in April 2013 (see map in Figure 2). An AQAP was submitted to DEFRA in May 2014. DEFRA expect that AQAPs are reviewed within 5 years of issue at the latest and this will provide an opportunity to assess further potential options for reducing emissions within the AQMA. All Local Sustainable Transport Fund (LSFT) funded Three Towns Travel project measures identified in the Ashley Road AQAP in the category of Traffic Management have been completed. The Three Towns Travel (3TT) Annual Monitoring Report Year 3 reported the following across the entire 16km 3TT corridor (Poole Bournemouth Christchurch): 3% decrease in traffic flows, 4% decrease in vehicle kilometres, 8% increase in cycling (automatic counters), 7% increase in walking (manual 1-day count), 4% increase in public transport patronage (bus/rail). A Final Outcomes Report is due in 2017. Four measures from the LTP that also form part of the AQAP are partially complete with further work ongoing and one measure that is an ongoing initiative. These are within the categories of Traffic Management and Promoting Travel Alternatives.
Figure 1: Location of Commercial Road (Ashley Cross) AQMA Monitoring points marked with marked with a
Figure 2: Location of Ashley Road AQMA Monitoring points marked with marked with a
Appendix D: Air quality trends within AQMAs Graphs of linear trends at permanent monitoring locations within AQMAs Graphs of running averages (12 month) at all monitoring points within AQMAs (see maps in Appendices C and D)
Appendix E: Additional Current Measures to Improve Air Quality within Poole Measure Category Promoting Travel Alternatives Transport Planning and Infrastructure Alternatives to private vehicle use Measure Classification School Travel Plans Promotion of Cycling Promotion of Walking Cycle network Bus route improvements Car & lift sharing schemes Car Clubs Evidence of success Delivery plan of infrastructure improvements, training, working with schools and businesses, and promotional events and campaigns has resulted in the following improvements between 2004/5 2014/15: 83% increase in cycling between (data from auto cycle counter sites) 20km increase in cycle routes 9.3% increase in cycling to work (census data) High level of public satisfaction with pedestrian and cycle facilities (2014 National Highways and Transport Survey) 92% increase in bus ridership through Quality Bus Partnership improvements Borough of Poole staff car share scheme has removed ~20 vehicles from peak traffic flows. Funding awarded. Anticipated to be operational in 2017, showcasing practical use of electric vehicles in Poole Policy Guidance and Development Control Supplementary Planning Documents Sustainable transport measures often accepted as mitigation for less than optimum number of parking spaces in a development. Promoting low emission transport EV charging points 6 rapid EV chargers installed in Poole.
Appendix F: Potential options for improving air quality within Poole A Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) could would require an assessment of the impact of any development on air quality, The NPPF states in paragraph 124 that, Planning policies should sustain compliance with and contribute towards EU limit values or national objectives for pollutants, taking into account the presence of AQMAs and the cumulative impacts on air quality form individual sites in local area. A Low Emission Strategy (LES) would concentrate on potential measures to mitigate air pollutant emissions from road transport and would be designed to complement climate change strategies for reducing CO 2 emissions from road transport, complementing the LTP. The SPD would be part of a LES. An Air Quality Strategy (AQS) or Clean Air Strategy (CAS) is an overarching strategy that brings together actions through internal and external partnerships, integrating actions beneficial to air quality across a range of areas. A summary of the range of potential air quality measures that could be introduced within each of the above options is included below, and indicates the level of benefit of some measures on improving air quality EU Measure Category Alternatives to private vehicle use Environmental Permits EU Measure Classification Impact 1 on NO 2 /PM 10 2 Bus based Park & Ride MEDIUM Car & lift sharing schemes Car Clubs LOW Rail based Park & Ride Introduction/increase of environment charges through permit systems and economic instruments MEDIUM Introduction/increase of environmental funding through permit systems and economic instruments Large Combustion Plant Permits and National Plans going beyond BAT HIGH Reduces PM 2.5 1 As demonstrated in existing schemes in other local authority areas: Low effect action focused on a small proportion of sources contributing to an exceedance Medium effect action focused on only one key emissions source High effect action focused on dealing with key high emitting sources, or a number of emissions sources 2 The expected change actions have on emissions can be assessed easily; however there are many more uncertainties when estimating the impact to concentrations
Freight and Delivery Management Policy Guidance and Development Control Measures to reduce pollution through IPPC Permits going beyond BAT MEDIUM measure through permit systems and economic instruments Tradable permit system through permit systems and economic instruments Delivery and Service plans MEDIUM Freight Consolidation Centre MEDIUM Freight Partnerships for city centre deliveries HIGH Quiet & out of hours delivery LOW Route Management Plans/ Strategic routing strategy for HGV's HIGH Air Quality Planning and Policy Guidance Low Emissions Strategy HIGH policy Regional Groups Co-ordinating programmes to develop Area wide Strategies to reduce emissions and improve air quality Sustainable Procurement Guidance EU Measure Category Promoting Low Emission Plant Promoting Low Emission Transport EU Measure Classification Emission control equipment for small and medium sized stationary combustion sources / replacement of combustion sources Low Emission Fuels for stationary and mobile sources in Public Procurement measure for low emission fuels for stationary and mobile sources Public Procurement of stationary combustion sources Regulations for fuel quality for low emission fuels for stationary and mobile sources Shift to installations using low emission fuels for stationary and mobile sources Policy Impact on NO 2 /PM 10 Company Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles HIGH Low Emission Zone (LEZ)/Clean Air Zone (CAZ) sets targets for vehicle emission standards entering a defined geographical zone. Chargeable or voluntary. DEFRA consultation on CAZ framework closed in December 2016. Priority parking for LEV's HIGH HIGH Reduces PM 2.5
Promoting Travel Alternatives Procuring alternative Refuelling infrastructure to promote Low Emission Vehicles, EV recharging, Gas fuel recharging Public Vehicle Procurement - Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles HIGH Taxi emission incentives MEDIUM Taxi Licensing conditions MEDIUM Encourage / Facilitate home-working LOW Intensive active travel campaign & infrastructure Personalised Travel Planning Promote use of rail and inland waterways MEDIUM Promotion of cycling LOW Promotion of walking LOW School Travel Plans LOW Workplace Travel Planning LOW HIGH EU Measure Category Public Information Traffic Management EU Measure Classification Via leaflets Via other mechanisms Via radio Via television Via the Internet Impact on NO 2 /PM 10 Anti-idling enforcement LOW Emission based parking or permit charges Reduction of speed limits, 20mph zones LOW Road User Charging (RUC)/ Congestion charging LOW Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Access management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Reduces PM 2.5
Transport Planning and Infrastructure Vehicle Fleet Efficiency Testing Vehicle Emissions LOW UTC, Congestion management, traffic reduction LOW Workplace Parking Levy, Parking Enforcement on highway LOW Bus route improvements HIGH Cycle network LOW Public cycle hire scheme LOW Public transport improvements-interchanges stations and services LOW Driver training and ECO driving aids HIGH Fleet efficiency and recognition schemes MEDIUM Promoting Low Emission Public Transport HIGH Testing Vehicle Emissions LOW Vehicle Retrofitting programmes MEDIUM EU Measure Category Improving AQ modelling and assessment EU Measure Classification Improving modelling predictions of NO 2 concentrations Tools to assess traffic management schemes prior to implementation Tools to evaluate measures to reduce traffic emissions Impact on NO 2 /PM 10 LOW LOW LOW Reduces PM 2.5 Investigating specific measures and issues to understand their air quality impact Examples of measures undertaken by other LAs can be found in Table A.1 Action Toolbox of the LAQM Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) - http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=annexa
Appendix G: Glossary Abbreviation Description AQAP AQMA ASR DEFRA EU LAQM LTP LSTF NO 2 PM PM 10 PM 2.5 SO 2 Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values Air Quality Management Area An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives Air quality Annual Status Report Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs European Union Local Air Quality Management Local Transport Plan (Bournemouth, Poole and Dorset) Local Sustainable Transport Fund Nitrogen Dioxide Particulate matter Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less Sulphur Dioxide