Prefabricated Houses Presentation of prefabricated houses - Employed components - Main equipments - Assembly steps - Some realisations SKA spa via Agosta, 3-36066 Sandrigo (VI) - Italy - Tel. + 39 0444 659700 - Fax + 39 0444 659322
EMPLOYED COMPONENTS Steel structure The structure is made with steel profiles, with section calculated every time on the basis of the particular characteristics of the construction site. The structures are made by spatial frames, realised by beams bolted to columns, and fixed to the foundations through anchors appropriately dimensioned. The protection against the corrosion for the columns and the beams is made by a hot deep galvanizing process, as prescribed in UNI 5744-66. galvanised steel columns Galvanised steel beams
The support of the roof panels is granted by purlins, omega shaped and hot deep galvanised. The profiles are leaned and bolted to proper supports, welded to the beams with a constant step between the lines. purlins The structure stability and stiffening are guaranteed by a series of cross bracing arranged both in the walls and in the pitch. All the joints are realised by high-resistant bolts. The structures are calculated following the Italian laws actually in force; the calculations for the foundations aren t provided by SKA, as so their realisation is in charge of the customer. supporting structure
Roof covering The roof covering is realised by monolithic sandwich panels, externally greek shaped, available thickness from 40mm to 100mm, and they are composed by a double prepainted steel sheet, with an interposed high density spread polyurethane layer; in function of the thickness they present different characteristics in terms of mechanical strength and thermal transmission. The panels are fixed to the purlins by self-drilling screws with cap and tarred washer. They distribute the snow and wind loads on the steel structure and guarantee a good thermal insulation level. SKA suggest to its customer white-grey (RAL9002) or brick red (RAL3009) colours for roof covering panels; however it s possible to personalize in accordance to the customer preferences, choosing among a large range of possibilities. For specific exigencies, by request, it is possible to provide panels with particular fire reaction class (B1-B2 for Germany, M1-M2 for France). roof panels Walls Walls (internal and external) are made by sandwich panels, realised by two pre-painted steel sheet and an interposed polyurethane layer. They absorb the wind load and distribute it to the steel structure. In comparison with the roof covering panels, the walls panels present a less accented greek shape that allows a pleasant aesthetical effect. Also for this panel typology available thickness goes from 40mm to 100mm, with consequent thermal isolations characteristics. By request is possible to provide wall panels with hidden fixing system, and also panels with particular fire reaction class (B1-B2 for Germany, M1-M2 for France). For external and internal walls SKA suggests white-grey (RAL9002) colour. Anyway it is possible to choose among a large range of disposable colours. Moreover it is possible, when requested, to utilise the walls panels to realise internal walls, and so service rooms, supported by suitably studied steel structure. wall panels
Windows The customer has the possibility to choose windows with different opening systems and made by different types of materials, even in base of the type of breeding that must be realised. SKA offers guillotine or wasistass opening system: - Guillotine opening system This type of window is realised by a steel frame that slides vertically inside two special guides fixed to the columns. The windows can be made in sandwich panels (the same type of the walls ones), in polycarbonate panels or in towel, following the specific exigencies of the customer. It is possible to provide windows with different heights, from 50cm to 130 cm. - Wasistass opening system For wasistass windows the support frame has a rotational opening system, with a hinged profile placed at the higher extremity. Also in this case it is possible to realise the mentioned article in polycarbonate panels (translucid, opal or fumé) or in sandwich panels (with the same characteristics of the walls panels: mobile walls); this choice is made in consequence of the kind of breeding or following the specific requests advanced by the customer. Also for wasistass windows SKA can provide different heights, from 60cm to 140cm (for mobile walls the standard height is 100cm). wasistass windows The open space on the wall consequent the windows realisation is protected by a proper anti-sparrow galvanised mesh, from intrusion of harmful animals or birds. The opening system for the windows can be realised with a manual or a motorised winch, as chosen by the customer. wasistass opening system
SKA has developed a new opening motorised system, with a column fixing system, obtained coupling a steel plate to a longitudinal sliding movement winch; the system is fixed to a column, allowing to obtain both excellent results in terms of working and a pleasant aesthetical aspect. The system can be used both to allow the opening of the outlets and to motorise the opening of possible inlets. fixing of the wintch to the column Outlets Outlets are opening placed in the bottom of the side walls and are used to allow the outgoing of the animals; they are realised with the same type of sandwich panel of the walls ones, and they have the same working principle than the guillotine windows one. As for windows also for outlets is possible to choose between a manual or a motorised opening system. outlet view Winter garden On request is possible to preview the realisation of one or two winter gardens; these structures allow the exit of animals also during the bad season. Winter garden is obtained adding a specific steel structure and prolonging the sandwich roof panel. A synthetic wire mesh is placed instead of the side wall. internal view of winter garden external view of winter garden
Ventilation systems There are several systems to supply an adequate air circulation or refreshment, based on the requests of the type of breeding or on the seasonal conditions. - Mobile ridge It is possible to install in a house a mobile ridge with a motorised winch opening; this system allows to obtain a certain air circulation, especially if coupled to air inlets use. The mobile ridge, realised in pre-painted steel sheet, has the same colour of the roof sandwich panels; complete with anti-sparrow galvanised mesh. mobile ridge internal view ridge opening wintch - Air inlets Air inlets are employed when it is necessary a moderate quantity of ventilation, or coupled to the use of fans; they are fixed to the lateral walls, and they are supplied of anti-sparrow galvanised mesh. air inlet, internal view - Cooling panels air inlet, external view Cooling panels present an alveolar structure, and they are realised in special cellulose material; coupled to a pump system they allow the water pass by fall inside of them. Thanks the fans aid, positioned in the head wall at the other side of the house, it is produced an air flow that, passing through the panels in which flows water, is remarkably refreshed. The cooling panels are put on lateral walls; they present variable height and thickness, and are dimensioned on the particular climatic conditions of the building site, on the dimensional characteristics of the house, on the kind of reared animals and on the density of the heads. head fans cooling panels
ASSEMBLY STEPS The first thing to do to allow the assembly of a prefabricated house obviously is the preparation of the ground and the realisation of foundation works; as the design of these works depend on the particular mechanical characteristics of the construction site, SKA doesn t supply their calculation, which must be made by a technician charged by the customer. In the same time SKA doesn t realise the necessary armed-concrete works, which must be executed at care of the customer before the structure assembly. SKA supplies the anchors; complete of template and regulation nuts they must be drowned in the concrete jet, and consent to fix the steel structure to the foundations. anchors in concrete jet anchors preparation of foundations After the foundation and the anchors positioning erection can start by fixing the columns to them, and fixing the beams to the columns. In this way a frame succession is erected and it forms the carrying skeleton of the structure. In the transversal direction the structural strength is supplied by the frames, while in the longitudinal direction the strength is supplyed by a counter-wind system, placed on both walls and pitch.
The hot deep galvanised purlins are bolted to the frames. These elements transfer the vertical loads from roof covering to the structure and transmit the horizontal loads to the bracing system; moreover they supply also the support to the roof sandwich panels. particulars of the covering Subsequently the lateral walls are positioned, complete of doors and windows, as well as the support structure necessary to assembly the head walls and the internal walls. internal wall head wall At the end it is possible to proceed with the installation of the equipments necessary for the breeding, and of the all other additional equipments requested by the customer.
Some realisations
SKA spa - via Agosta, 3-36066 Sandrigo (VI) - ITALY Tel. +39 0444 659700 - Fax. +39 0444 659322 e - mail: ska@ska.it - www.ska.it