KAJIAN TERHADAP MODEL KAMPUS LESTARI UNIVERSITI AWAM DI MALAYSIA: SUATU PENDEKATAN TERNTEGRATIF NORHAYATI BINTI NGADMAN TESIS YANG DIKEMUKAKAN UNTUK MEMENUHI SEBAHAGIAN DARIPADA SYARAT MEMPEROLEH LJAZAH DOKTOR FALSAFAH INSTITUT ALAM SEKITAR DAN PEMBANGUNAN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA BANG1
ABSTRAK Kesedaran tentang peranan universiti dalam membantu menjayakan pembangunan lestari di Malaysia sernakin meningkat dengan terdapatnya universiti yang melaksanakan konsep kampus lestari atau kampus hijau. Namun begitu, jurang pengetahuan dan komitmen telah menyebabkan berlakunya kelemahan dalarn proses pengintegrasian agenda kelestarian di universiti. Kebanyakan universiti fokus kepada sesuatu domain sahaja atau pelaksanaan hanya pada skala kecil. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi membina model kampus lestari bagi universiti Malaysia yang bersifat lebih holistik. Objektif kajian adalah untuk memaharni konsep kampus lestari dan memilih penunjuk kampus lestari yang bersesuaian dalam konteks universiti awam di Malaysia berdasarkan lirna dimensi ucama dalam mode1 kampus lestari iaitu tadbir urus, operasi, pendidikan, penyelidikan dan jangkauan luar. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kaedah-Campuran iaitu kaedah analisis dokumen dan tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik. Dokumen yang dianalisis termasuklah manual teknikal dan laporan kajian Iepas berkaitan kampus lestari. Perisian Nvivo digunakan untuk menganalisis data tentang model dan penunjuk kampus lestari. Analisis dokumen terbabit telah menghasilkan sebanyak 133 penunjuk di mana 50 dalipadanya adalah penunjuk operasi, 20 penunjuk pendidikan, 26 penunjuk penyelidikan, 14 penunjuk jangkauan luar dan 23 penunjuk urus tadbir. Serarnai 35 orang pakar bidang telah menjawab soal selidik dan hasil daripada tinjauan ini telah dianalisis dengan kaedah pengukuran Rasch menggunakan perisian Winstep. Perkara yang dipilih adalah berdasarkan nilai kebolehpercayaan, indeks pengasingan, "Point Measure Correlation" (PTMEA CORR), "Mean Square" (MNSQ) dan '2. standard" (Zstd). Hasil analisis Model Rasch sebanyak 20 item digugurkan iaitu empat item tadbir urus, tujuh item operasi, dua item pendidikan, empat item penyelidikan dan tiga item jangkauan luar. Model Kampus lestari yang dibangunkan meliputi semua peranan universiti dan mencadangkan strategi-strategi kelestarian yang boleh diamalkan oleh universiti awam di Malaysia. Kajian ini telah membuat penambahbaikan model kampus lestari sedia ada dengan memasukkan input barn iaitu komponen tadbir urus. Selain itu, hasil kajian juga boleh dijadikan instrumen bagi panduan pelaksanaan, penyelidikan dan pendidikan berkaitan dengan kampus lestari.
STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE CAMPUS MODEL IN MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH ABSTRACT There is increased awareness among the Malaysian universities in ensuring sustainable development where some universities have started to implement the concept of sustainble campus or green campus. However, there is still gaps in knowledge and commitment towards sustainable campus that weakened the process of integrating sustainability in universites. Most of the universities has been focused on a single domain or small-scale implementation of the concept. Therefore, this study was undertaken to build a holistic model of sustainable campus for Malaysian public universities. The objectives of the study were, fmtly, to understand the concept of Sustainable Campus, and secondly, to select appropriate indicators of sustainable campus for Malaysian public universities, based on five main dimensions of the model of sustainable campus: governance, operations, education, research and outreach. A mixed-method approach was used along with document analysis and questionnaire survey. The analysed documents were technical manuals and relevant reports on sustainable campus. NVivo software was used to analyse the data in relation to the model and indicators of sustainable campus. The items were selected based on the values of reliability, separation index, Point Measure Correlation (PTMEA CORR), Mean Square (MNSQ) and Z Standard (Zstd). Consequently, 20 items were excluded: four items of governance, seven items of operation, two items of education, four items of research and three items of external outreach. The developed Model of Sustainable Campus encompasses all roles of the university, and proposes sustainability strategies that can be practiced by the Malaysian public universities. This study has made improvements in the existing models by incorporating new input, which is governance. Moreover, results of this study can be used as an instrument for implementation guidelines, future research and education related to sustainable campus.
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