EPM 342 Production Management [Pengurusan Pengeluaran]

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-1- [EPE 401/3] UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Second Semester Examination 2012/2013 Academic Session June 2013 EPM 342 Production Management [Pengurusan Pengeluaran] Duration : 3 hours Masa : 3 jam Please check that this paper contains SIX (6) printed pages and FIVE (5) questions before you begin the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) mukasurat bercetak dan LIMA (5) soalan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan.] INSTRUCTIONS : Answer ALL questions. You may answer all questions in English OR Bahasa Malaysia OR a combination of both. [ARAHAN : Jawab SEMUA soalan. Calon boleh menjawab semua soalan dalam Bahasa Malaysia ATAU Bahasa Inggeris ATAU kombinasi kedua-duanya.] Answer to each question must begin from a new page. [Jawapan untuk setiap soalan mestilah dimulakan pada mukasurat yang baru.] In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai.] 2/-

-2- Q1. SK Sdn. Bhd. produces plastic components for the automotive companies. Due to increase in cost, SK Sdn. Bhd. has adopted strategies to increase its production efficiency. The company needs to determine whether the productivity increases at an average of 10%. The company has the data as tabulated in Table Q1. SK Sdn. Bhd. menghasilkan komponen-komponen plastik untuk syarikat-syarikat automotif. Disebabkan oleh peningkatan kos, SK Sdn. Bhd telah menerima pakai strategi untuk meningkatkan kecekapan pengeluaran. Syarikat tersebut perlu menentukan sama ada produktivitinya meningkat pada purata 10%. Syarikat tersebut mempunyai data berikut yang dijadualkan dalam Jadual S1. 2012 2013 Unit produced 1,000 1,000 Labour (hours) 300 275 Resin (kg) 50 45 Capital invested 10,000 11,000 (RM) Energy (KW) 3,000 2,850 Table Q1 Jadual S1 [a] Compute the productivity and percentage change in productivity in each category and determine whether the percentage achieve the 10% target. Kirakan produktiviti dan peratus perubahan produktiviti bagi setiap kategori dan tentukan sama ada peratusan mencapai sasaran 10%. (80 marks/markah) [b] Discuss what are the measurement problems that occur when SK Sdn. Bhd. attempts to measure productivity? Bincangkan apakah masalah pengukuran yang berlaku apabila SK Sdn. Bhd. cuba mengukur produktiviti? (20 marks/markah) Q2. Internal and external factors may have effects on the operation management (OM) strategy of a company. Faktor-faktor dalaman dan luaran mungkin mempunyai kesan ke atas strategi pengurusan operasi (OM) sebuah syarikat. [a] Discuss what would be the effects each of the following internal factors might have on the OM strategy: Maturing of product. Technology innovation in the manufacturing process. (iii) Changes in the memory card in smart phone from 1 gigabyte to 10 gigabyte capacity. (iv) Changes in the internal legislation by the company where employee allowance (such as travel, meal and attendance) is taxable. 3/-

-3- Bincangkan apakah kesan-kesan setiap faktor dalaman berikut terhadap strategi pengurusan operasi (OM): Produk menjadi matang. Inovasi teknologi dalam proses pembuatan. (iii) Perubahan dalam kad ingatan di dalam telefon pintar daripada kapasiti 1 gigabit hingga 10 gigabit. (iv) Perubahan dalam perundangan dalaman oleh syarikat di mana elaun pekerja (seperti perjalanan, makan dan kehadiran) dikenakan cukai. [b] Discuss what would be the effects each of the following external factors might have on the OM strategy: Major increase in oil prices. Water and air quality legislation. (iii) Fewer young prospective employees entering the job market. (iv) Inflation in price. Bincangkan apakah kesan-kesan setiap faktor luaran berikut terhadap strategi pengurusan operasi (OM): Peningkatan utama dalam harga minyak. Perundangan air dan udara yang berkualiti. (iii) Kurang bakal pekerja muda yang memasuki pasaran kerja. (iv) Inflasi dalam harga. Q3. [a] Describe briefly what an automatic identification system (AIS) is. Explain how production organization could use AIS to increase productivity and at the same time increase the variety of products offered? Terangkan secara ringkas apakah sistem pengenalan automatik (AIS). Terangkan bagaimana organisasi pengeluaran boleh menggunakan AIS untuk meningkatkan produktiviti dan pada masa yang sama meningkatkan kepelbagaian produk yang ditawarkan? [b] Briefly explain the distinction in terms of emphasis between Just-intime (JIT), Toyota Production System (TPS) and Lean operations. Briefly explain three specific goals of JIT partnership between supplier and purchaser. Terangkan secara ringkas perbezaan dari segi penekanan di antara Just-intime (JIT), Sistem Pengeluaran Toyota (TPS) dan operasi tanpa boros. Terangkan secara ringkas tiga matlamat perkongsian JIT di antara pembekal dan pembeli. 4/-

-4- Q4. [a] Jaya Sdn. Bhd. makes tables. Demand for the next four months and capacities of the plant are shown in the Table Q4[a]. Unit cost on regular time is RM40. Overtime cost is 150% of regular time cost. Subcontracting is available in substantial quantity at RM75 per unit. Holding cost is RM5 per table per month; back orders cost the firm RM10 per unit per month. The firm management believes that the transportation algorithm can be used to optimize this scheduling problem. The firm has 50 units of beginning inventory and anticipates no ending inventory. Jaya Sdn. Bhd. membuat meja. Permintaan untuk empat bulan seterusnya dan kapasiti kilang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual S4[a]. Kos seunit pada masa biasa ialah RM40. Kos lebih masa adalah 150% daripada kos masa biasa. Subkontrak boleh didapati dalam kuantiti yang besar pada RM75 seunit. Kos pegangan ialah RM5 bagi sebuah meja setiap bulan; pesanan janji lewat mengakibatkan kos RM10 seunit sebulan. Pengurusan firma mempercayai bahawa algoritma pengangkutan boleh digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan masalah penjadualan ini. Firma tersebut mempunyai 50 unit inventori awal dan menjangkakan tiada inventori akhir. March April May June Demand 400 600 600 700 Regular capacity 400 400 400 400 Overtime capacity 100 100 100 100 Subcontract cap. 150 50 50 50 Table Q4[a] Demand and capacities schedule Jadual S4[a] Jadual permintaan dan kapasiti Calculate the number of units to be produced on regular time in June? Calculate the number of units to be produced by subcontracting over the four-month period? (iii) Determine the inventory at the end of April? (iv) Determine the total cost of the optimum solution? Hitungkan bilangan unit yang perlu dihasilkan pada masa biasa dalam bulan Jun? Hitungkan bilangan unit yang perlu dihasilkan oleh subkontrak dalam tempoh empat bulan? (iii) Tentukan inventori pada akhir bulan April? (iv) Tentukan jumlah kos penyelesaian yang optimum? (60 marks/markah) 5/-

-5- [b] Each product R requires 3 units of component S and 3 units of material A, while each component S requires 3 units of part T. The lead time for the assembly of product R is 1 week. The lead time for the manufacture of component S is 2 weeks. The lead time for producing material A is 1 week. The lead time for the procurement of part T is 4 weeks. Construct the time-phased product structure. Construct the bill of material (BOM). Setiap produk R memerlukan 3 unit komponen S dan 3 unit bahan A, manakala setiap komponen S memerlukan 3 unit bahagian T. Masa mendulu untuk pemasangan setiap produk R adalah 1 minggu. Masa mendulu untuk pembuatan komponen S adalah 2 minggu. Masa mendulu bagi menghasilkan bahan A adalah 1 minggu. Masa mendulu untuk perolehan bahagian T adalah 4 minggu. Bina struktur produk fasa masa. Binakan bil bahan (BOM). (40 marks/markah) Q5. Laboratory A uses an unstable chemical compound that must be kept in an environment where both temperature and humidity can be controlled. The lab uses 800 litres of the chemical per month. The estimated annual holding cost is 50% of the purchase price (because of spoilage), and the estimated order costs is RM50 per order. The cost data from two suppliers is shown in Table Q3[b]. Makmal A menggunakan sebatian kimia yang tidak stabil yang mesti disimpan di dalam persekitaran di mana kedua-dua suhu dan kelembapan boleh dikawal. Makmal ini menggunakan 800 liter bahan kimia sebulan. Anggaran kos pegangan adalah 50% daripada harga belian (kerana kerosakan), dan anggaran kos pesanan ialah RM50 untuk setiap pesanan. Data kos daripada dua pembekal ditunjukkan dalam Jadual S3 [b]. Supplier 1 Supplier 2 Quantity (litre) Price/litre (RM) Quantity (litre) Price/litre (RM) 1-499 17.00 1-399 17.10 500-999 16.75 400-799 16.85 1,000+ 16.50 800-1,199 16.60 1,200+ 16.25 Table Q3[b] Cost schedule Jadual S3[b] Jadual kos 6/-

-6- Calculate the economic order quantity for each supplier? Hitung kuantiti pesanan ekonomi bagi setiap pembekal? (20 marks/markah) Compare the total annual cost for each supplier for different discount prices. Bandingkan jumlah kos tahunan bagi setiap pembekal untuk harga diskaun yang berbeza. (iii) Determine which supplier should be used and what quantity should be ordered. Tentukan pembekal yang mana harus digunakan dan bilangan kuantiti yang perlu dipesan. (15 marks/markah) (iv) Describe any other factor(s) that should be considered when deciding the order quantity apart from the total cost? Huraikan faktor-faktor lain yang perlu diambil kira apabila menentukan kuantiti pesanan selain daripada jumlah kos? (15 marks/markah) -oooooooo- 7/-