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ENERGIATARBIMISE JUHTIMINE Virtuaalsed elektrijaamad ja agregeerimine Click to edit Master title style Dr.-Ins. Argo Rosin, Teadusprodekaan, Elektrotehnika instituut, Energeetikateaduskond, Tallinna Tehnikaülikool

Virtuaalsed elektrijaamad

Eelised Turu seisukohalt hajutatud energiatootmise ja tarbimise suurem paindlikkus ja parem hallatavus Mitmekülgsed võimalused nagu Usaldusväärsem hajutatud energiaallikate tootmise ennustamine, töö planeerimine ja tark juhtimine Koormuste juhtimise planeerimine Kulutõhus seadmete reaalajas jälgimine ja juhtimise optimeerimine

VPP application for Electric Utilities Optimization of Generation and Demand Portfolio Offer the delta generation (Gen Load) to the Energy and Operating Reserves market (when Energy Market Energy Market load < PPA + DG). Aggregate and optimize the schedules of available generation during the bidding phase. Coordinate between participation in energy market and/or operating reserve market Maximize the benefit (Revenue Cost): Cost of operating own generation (vs.) purchasing from energy market Curtailment of interruptible load as per the available load reduction programs

Ülekandevõrgu operaatori vastutus Häiringukindluse tagamiseks on ülekandevõrgus tarvilik igal ajahetkel hoida süsteemis reserve, mis aitavad tagada süsteemi töökindlust ja stabiilsus Avariireserv jaotub reageerimise kiiruse alusel kolmeks: pöörlev avariireserv (primaarreserv), kiire avariireserv (sekundaarreserv) ning aeglane avariireserv (tertsiaalreserv). Primaarreservi võimsus tuleb saavutada 30 sekundi jooksul, ja nõutud primaarreservi võimsust tuleb hoida vähemalt 15 minuti kestel. Sekundaarreservi võimsus tuleb saavutada 5 minuti jooksul, ja nõutud võimsust tuleb hoida 15 60 minuti kestel. Tertsiaalreservi võimsus tuleb saavutada vähemalt 15 minuti jooksul, ja nõutud võimsust tuleb hoida 15 minuti kuni mitme tunni kestel.

Vastavalt võrgueeskirjale Eestis Tootmisseadme primaarreguleerimise ulatus (edaspidi primaarreserv) peab olema vähemalt ±5% nimivõimsusest.tootmisseade peab nõutud primaarreservi võimsuse saavutama 30 sekundi jooksul, kusjuures 50% sellest 10 sekundi jooksul, ja suutma nõutud primaarreservi võimsust hoida vähemalt 15 minuti kestel. Sekundaarreguleerimise ulatus peab olema vähemalt ±5% nimivõimsusest ja realiseeritav 2 minuti jooksul.

Highly Attractive Business Model for RWE VPP enabled by Direct Marketing of Power with Market and Management Premium Revenue from direct marketing eg. at EEX (energy exchange) Market premium for compensation of difference between the EEG feed-in tariff and monthly average spot market energy price Management premium covers the costs for admission to energy exchange, connection to trading system, market clearing, etc. (2012 fixed at 1.2 ct/kwh) Aggregation and marketing of distributed renewable generators (previously uncontrolled in-feed) Market operation (energy marketing, administration of contracts with plant operators etc.) Operation of distributed generators, contracts with generation operators VPP System incl. SW, HW & Integration

Reservvõimsuste turg Tulu primaar-/ sekundaarreguleerimisest Tulu võimsuste hoidmisest Pakutava võimsuse/energia hind Positiivse ja negatiivse reservvõimsuse pakkumine

Siemensi ärimudel - VEJ operaatoritele ja elektritootjatele juhusliku toodanguga tõhusamaks haldamiseks Peamiseks väljakutseks on energiaallikate juhuslikkus ja vajadus tugiteenusteks. Ühe või mitme firma energiaallikate agregeerimine (sh päike, tuul, hüdro ja traditsiooniline) ja hulgimüügi turul agregeeritud võimsuse, energia jm teenuste pakkumine. Agregeeritud tootmise parameetrid (ramp rate, käivitus&seiskamiskulud, min&max seisuaeg, incremental cost curve), mis määravad juhtimise paindlikkuse ja taastuvenergiaallikate juhuslikkuse tasandamise

Siemensi VEJ ärimudel jaotusvõrgule suurendamaks kasu energiaturul osalemisest Väljakutsed on koormuste ja hajatootmise agregeeritud juhtimine, et pakkuda hulgimüügiturul energiat, võimsusi ja erinevaid teenuseid Coordinate power purchases from ISO, own generation and external PPA providers to maximize revenue satisfy demand; Maksimeerida ettevõtte tulu optimaalse tarbimise juhtimise ja hajutatud energiatootmise agregeerimise kaudu Maksimeerida tulu maximizing utility revenue via optimally managing demand and distributed generation by aggregating by utility level DR/DER programs, location, system constraints, etc Maximize the benefit: Cost of own generation and PPA (vs.) demand reduction & DG dispatch (vs.) purchasing from wholesale energy market Coordinate between participation in energy market and/or operating reserve market Demand management as per the available demand response programs

VPP Business Model for Distribution Utilities to maximize benefit from energy market participation

for Aggregators to maximize benefit from energy market participation TOU Time of use CPP Critical Peak Pricing RTP Real time pricing DLC direct load control DBP Demand Bidding Program CBP Capacity Bidding Program Manage multiple resources by aggregating DR and DER participants at the consumer end based on characteristics, geography, participating program, customer class, category, etc. Link retail level demand side resources to wholesale market products Aggregator has multiple options and flexibility to bid market products (energy, reserve, regulation, capacity) based on requirements of ramp rate, Pmax, Pmin, location, min/max up and down time, incremental cost curve, from the

Direct Load Control (DLC) - A utility or system operator remotely shuts down or cycles a customer s electrical equipment on short notice to address system or local reliability contingencies. In exchange, the customer receives an incentive payment or bill credit. DBP - Demand Bidding Program - Provides incentive payments of up to $0.50/kWh for day-ahead curtailment commitments and $0.60/kWh for day-of commitments Participants place bids online the day before the event for the amount of power they are willing to reduce, in increments of 2 hours or more. DBP events usually take place from noon to 8:00 p.m. and can occur on any weekday excluding holidays CBP - Capacity Bidding Program - Participants receive a monthly incentive to reduce their energy use to a pre-determined amount once a CBP event is called by the utility. Customers also have the option to directly enroll or go through a third-party aggregator to join the CBP.

Siemensi VEJ kontseptsioon

TARISTU Tarbimise juhtimise katsestend

http://www.psi-energymarkets.de/en/products/virtual-power-plant

http://w3.siemens.com/smartgrid/global/en/projects/pages/virtual-power-plant.aspx

Tarbimise agregeerimine ja agregeeritud juhtimine

Tarkvõrk targalt integreeritud energia tootmine ja ülekanne, energiatarbimise juhtimine ja salvestamine, elektertransport http://powergrid.ece.unm.edu/images/7/70/smartgrid.jpg

TARISTU Koduaku hinnapõhise juhtimise stend

Rahavood EU-DEEP projektis esitatud ärimudeli järgi

Aadress projekt Agregaator suhtleb turul seadmete abil tarbijaga, mis võimaldab koormuste juhtimist ja mõõtmist, ja reguleeritud ning reguleerimata turu osalistega

Agregaatori ülesanne Agregaatori peamine ülesanne on võimaldada koormuste juhtimist tuues selle elektriturule See nõuab agregaatorilt Uurimist, milliste tarbijate/koormuste juhtimine on tasuv, Aktiivset teenuse edendamist tarbijale, Tarbijate juures juhtimis- ja andmesideseadmete paigaldamist, Tarbijale soodustuste tegemist, et edendada tarbimise juhtimist.

Agregaatori oskused Agregaator peab omama põhjalikud teadmised lõpptarbijatest ja nende potentsiaalist pakkuda tarbimise juhtimist. Agregaator peab oskama määrata tarbimise juhtimise ulatust ja hinda, mida erinevad seadmed võivad pakkuda. Samuti peab tundma selliseid parameetreid nagu juhtimise kestus, salvesti parameetrid ja kasutustingimused (nt kui sageli saab juhtimist teostada). Agregaator peab oskama hinnata kui palju ebamugavust juhtimine põhjustab lõpptarbijale ja kuidas seda kompenseerida. Agregaator peab oskama määrata juhtimiseks vajalikud parameetrid lõpptarbija koormuste liikide ja tarbimismustri põhjal Agregaator peab oskama teha lõpptarbijale arusaadava pakkumise

Control authority and customer's remuneration The aggregator should then be able to clearly justify that the remuneration is according the contract. Also the calculation of remuneration should preferably not be too complicated so that it is easy for the customer to understand. It should be possible to easily see before joining the aggregator's program how much the customer can benefit from participating. An availability fee is given for customers who make a contract with the aggregator and enable load control or control of other types of DER. The availability fee may be reduced by penalty payments if the customer does not follow the aggregator's control signals. An opposite to the availability fee is a rental payment for the control and communication equipment which the aggregator has installed.

Possible transactions between the aggregator and the customer

Control authority and customer's remuneration Payment can also be based explicitly on following the control calls (yes/no) or the power reduced due to control call in a demand response event. Furthermore, the customer's benefit can be based on dynamic tariffs provided by an aggregator retailer. Furthermore, the customer can be given a certain percentage of the aggregator's gross profit from selling DER to the market. A combination of the different payment components can beused to achieve a suitable risk and incentive level. We note that the customer may also get other benefits than direct payments from the aggregator. For example, the customer may receive as byproduct realtime power measurements and consumption monitoring, which help him achieve energy saving.

Relationship between aggregator and other power system participants

http://w3.siemens.com/smartgrid/global/en/smart-grid-world/hot-topics/pages/virtualpp.aspx

Koormuste koondaja (agregaatori) ja tarbija vaheline andmevahetus KJS (koormuse juhtimisseade) peab olema sama lihtne kui intelligentne kaitselüliti või lahuti

Tüüpiline tarbimise juhtimine Reducing the output of Air Handling Units, Fan Cooling Unit s etc; Adjustment of non-critical internal environmental conditions; Localised temperature set-point adjustments; Reduced motor & pump loads, via Variable Speed Drives settings; Space pre-cooling or heating, prior to initiation of the event; Turning off non essential pumps eg ornamental lake fountains; Reducing non-essential lighting, within compliance settings; Isolation of lighting zones (e.g. near windows); Pre-cooling refrigerated units prior to initiation of the event; Turning off external sign lighting.

Tüüpiline tarbimise juhtimine kontorihoonetes Decease or increase all zone temperature setpoint by 2 C Reduce the number of VRF water source unit in operation on each floor Reduce the fan speed on water cooled condenser units Reduce the speed of the Versatemp water circulation pump Switch off one of the Triplex lifts and one of the Duplex lifts Reduce the number of Airedale units in operation in the machine room and accompanying office areas Switch off all split units serving the Annex building Switch off all split units serving the meeting and conference rooms Switch off the HVAC primary boiler and associated circulating pumps Switch off all zone s perimeter heating pumps

Kasutatud kirjandus 1. Rosin, A.; Drovtar, I.; Link, S.; Hõimoja, H.; Mõlder, H.; Möller, T. (2014). Tarbimise juhtimine suurtarbijate koormusgraafikute salvestamine ning analüüs juhtimise rakendamise võimaluste tuvastamiseks. Elering 2. http://resnick.caltech.edu/docs/d-siemens_grid3.pdf 3. Jussi Ikäheimo, Corentin Evens, Seppo Kärkkäinen. "DER aggregator business: the Finnish case", 2009, VTT research report.

TTÜ pakutavad teenused Energiasäästuvõimaluste hindamine Elektrikvaliteedi hindamine Energiatarbimise juhtimise võimaluste hindamine Lokaalsete energiatootmise võimaluste hindamine Elektripaigaldiste sh elektervalgustuse, elektriajamite ja automaatikasüsteemide ekspertiisid Elektri-, valgustus- ja automaatikapaigaldistega seotud koolitused Rakendusuuringud ja tootearendused elektrotehnikas ja -energeetikas

Click to edit TÄNAN Master! title style Kontaktid: Argo Rosin, Tel.: 5290305, e-post: argo.rosin@ttu.ee