Photo: Dennis Pittmann

Photo: Dennis Pittmann 2013 Direct Seed Budgets for Northern Idaho: Winter wheat, soft white spring wheat & dark northern spring (DNS) wheat Spring barley, dry peas, lentils & garbanzos Assuming a 2500-acre farm Kathleen Painter, PhD Farm and Ranch Management Specialist Hilary Donlon Research Associate Department of Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology Ag Science, Room 28C Moscow ID 83843-2334 (208) 885-6041 kpainter@uidaho.edu Click to print PDF of direct seed budgets Title Page 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

INSTRUCTIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS General Instructions: A color coding system is used to indicate the source of the data for each budget and to show which data can be adjusted. Orange cells can be changed without affecting the underlying equations in this cost calculator. Data in yellow cells are from the Summary sheet (click on yellow Summary tab). In the Summary sheet both crop price and yield are in orange cells. Adjusting any of those numbers will automatically update calculations throughout the spreadsheet, which is very useful for sensitivity analyses. You can quickly compare price and yield changes by crop and rotation on net returns and land costs. You can also see rotational impacts. For example, if you know that a crop will have a higher yield in a particular sequence, adjust the crop yield in the upper table and see the rotational impact in the second table. You can save the file with this data, then create another scenario and save it as a different file. The graphical tab will illustrate the results of these changes automatically. Input Prices: By entering input prices on the Input Prices sheet (click on the green Input Prices tab), all of the cost calculations will be automatically updated. Input cost changes can also be made on individual crop price sheets, over-riding the input cost formulae on that particular crop budget. Fertilizer and chemical prices are based on an annual survey of input suppliers. These prices are subject to change, however, and will affect the profitability of different crops. A list of the average prices from each year's survey can be found on our departmental website under Crop Input Cost Summary (http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/aers/r_crops.htm). Crop Prices: Crop prices can be adjusted on the Summary tab and the effects of this change will be reflected throughout all the budgets. (Yields can be adjusted similarly.) Grain prices are based on futures prices for July and August 2009, as of April 2009, FOB Lind, Washington. (Source: Union Elevator, http://www.unionelevator.com). Canola cash prices are from northerncanola.com for Apr 2009. Machinery Costs: The machinery complement and associated hourly machinery cost data are in the last two sheets. The hourly machinery cost data are used to create the individualized machinery cost data for each budget, located in a separate tab for each crop. In the crop budget sheets, entries in blue cells are calculated by the machinery cost program and come from the associated Machinery Cost sheet for that crop. Machinery fixed costs include capital recovery costs, property taxes, insurance, and housing. For the overall farm operation, these costs do not vary by crop, given the ownership of a specific machinery complement, and are incurred whether or not crops are grown. Your per acre fixed costs will change if the farm size differs significantly from the size used in these budgets. Land Costs: Land costs, included either as real or as opportunity costs, are based on a typical share rental arrangement. We calculate net land rental cost as a cost share as follows: 1/3 Crop Value (1/3 Fertilizer Cost + 1/3 Chemical Cost + 1/3 Crop Insurance + Land Taxes) Instructions 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

A typical lease agreement in the areas surveyed is a one-third land owner and two-third tenant crop share, with the land owner paying land taxes, one-third of the fertilizer cost, one-third of the chemical cost, and one-third of the crop insurance. The tenant covers all other production expenses. This cropshare percentage can be adjusted in the crop worksheets. If the percentage is adjusted on the Summary tab, it is changed for all crops. If you want different crop-share percentages for different crops, adjust the percentage on the budget sheet for that crop. This valuable tool reveals how factors such as crop and input price increases as well as cropping choices affect revenue for landlords and operators differently. While the owner-operator will not actually experience a land rental cost, this cost represents the minimum return owner-operators must realize to justify growing the crop themselves. To determine the profitability of crop production relative to other activities, the owner-operator may want to consider these forgone rental returns along with the usual production expenses. General Assumptions: Since farming is inherently variable and constantly changing, we hope that this spreadsheet format will be helpful in adjusting these budgets to reflect your particular operation. Enterprise costs and returns vary from one location to the next and over time for any particular farming operation. Variability stems from differences in the following: Capital, labor, and natural resources Type and size of machinery complement Cultural practices Size of farm enterprise Crop yields Input prices Commodity prices Management skill Please examine closely the assumptions we have used and make adjustments to reflect your particular operation. Adjustments in the variable costs can easily be made without affecting the overall accuracy of the budget information. Machinery costs are more difficult to adjust, due to the underlying complexity of machinery cost calculations. A separate machinery cost calculator program is used to develop the costs used in these budgets, which are based on specific machinery widths, tractor horsepower, type of operation, etc. The machinery cost program and data sets specific to this budget are available upon request. Acknowledgments: I wish to thank everyone who helped gather all of the information needed to create these worksheets. First and foremost, I thank the farmers who were willing to take the time to share their enterprise information in order to create this worksheet. Without their assistance we would not be able to provide this critical information to others. However, I take responsibility for any errors in these budgets. Budget spreadsheets are available at the following link: Instructions 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

http://web.cals.uidaho.edu/idahoagbiz/enterprise-budgets/ Instructions 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

2013 Direct Seed Budgets for Northern Idaho Summary of Returns by Crop and Rotation ($/acre/yr) Note: You may adjust yield, price, and crop-share % information in orange type. All land cost (crop-share) and other data will adjust automatically throughout. Crop & Cost Total Returns Total Returns Share* Yield Price Revenue Cost of over TC Variable over VC Operator: 67% Operator By Crop: Unit per acre per unit per acre Operation ($/acre) Costs ($/acre) Owner: 33% Owner Winter Wheat (WW) bu 80 $6.50 $520 $452 $68 $261 $259 $117 Spring Barley (SB) ton 1.5 $180.00 $270 $286 -$16 $191 $79 $32 Soft White Spring Wheat (SWSW) bu 58 $6.50 $377 $378 -$1 $241 $136 $69 Dark Northern Spring Wheat (DNSW) bu 58 $8.00 $464 $426 $38 $266 $198 $88 Peas (P) lb 1800 $0.135 $243 $283 -$40 $176 $67 $53 Lentils (L) lb 1200 $0.30 $360 $276 $84 $123 $237 $95 Garbanzos (G) lb 1200 $0.40 $480 $388 $92 $188 $292 $134 *In a crop- and cost-share arrangement, the landowner and the farm manager split the crop and the specified costs, typically fertilizer, chemicals and crop insurance. Total Total Revenue Cost of Returns Variable Returns Crop & Cost per acre Operation over TC Costs over VC Share** By Rotation: ($/acre) ($/acre) ($/acre) ($/acre) ($/acre) ($/acre) WW_SWSW_P $380 $371 $9 $226 $154 $80 WW_DNSW_P $409 $387 $22 $234 $175 $86 WW_SB_P $344 $340 $4 $210 $135 $67 WW_SWSW_L $419 $369 $50 $208 $211 $94 WW_DNSW_L $448 $385 $63 $217 $231 $100 WW_SB_L $383 $338 $45 $192 $191 $81 WW_SWSW_G $459 $406 $53 $230 $229 $106 WW_DNSW_G $488 $422 $66 $239 $249 $113 WW_SB_G $423 $375 $48 $214 $210 $94 Summary 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

$/acre/year $/acre/year Summary of Returns by Crop and Rotation ($/acre) Returns $100 $92 over TC $84 By Crop: ($/acre) $80 $68 WW $68 0.65 Crop Prices: SB $60 -$16-0.15 WW $6.50 SWSW -$1-0.01 $38 SB $180.00 HRSW $40 $38 0.36 SWSW $6.50 P -$40-0.38 LEGEND: HRSW $8.00 $20 L $84 0.81 Winter Wheat (WW) P $0.14 G $92 0.89 Soft White Spring Wheat (SWSW) L $0.30 $0 SC #REF! #REF! Dark Northern Spring Wheat (DNSW) G $0.40 -$1 PSC -$20 #REF! #REF! Spring Barley (SB) -$16 Peas (P) -$40 Lentils (L) -$40 Garbanzos (G) -$60 WW SB SWSW HRSW P L G Returns over TC By Rotation: $70 ($/acre) WW, SWSW, P $9 $60 WW, HRSW, P $22 WW, SB, P $50 $4 WW, SWSW, L $50 $40 WW, HRSW, L $63 WW, SB, L $30 $22 $45 WW, SWSW, G $53 $20 WW, HRSW, G $66 WW, SB, G $10 $9 $48 WW, SWSW, $0 SC #REF! WW, HRSW, SC #REF! WW, SB, SC #REF! WW, SWSW, CML #REF! WW, HRSW, CML #REF! WW, SB, CML #REF! Returns over Total Costs by Rotation $63 $66 $53 $50 $45 $4 $48 WW, SWSW, P WW, HRSW, P WW, SB, P WW, SWSW, L WW, HRSW, L WW, SB, L WW, SWSW, G WW, HRSW, G WW, SB, G Graphical 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Prices Note: Changing prices here will change them throughout the spreadsheet. 2013 Unit Price/unit Fuel: Diesel (gal) gal $3.40 Gas (gal) gal $3.50 Seed: Wheat Seed (lb) lb $0.28 Barley Seed (lb) lb $0.24 Dark Northern Spring Wheat lb $0.31 Spring Pea Seed lb $0.31 Lentil Seed lb $0.44 Garbanzo Seed lb $0.62 Fertilizer: Nitrogen lb $0.70 Phosphorous lb $0.66 Sulfur lb $0.56 Potassium lb $0.36 Adjuvants: Ammonium Sulfate (liquid) pt $0.05 Ammonium Sulfate (20-0-0-24) lb $0.35 Crop Oil Concentrate pt $1.88 In-Place oz $0.28 M90 oz $0.17 R-11 Surfactant oz $0.22 Syltac Sticker pt $6.25 Custom Rental: 26' Rental Shredder acre $10.00 36' Ripper Shooter acre $2.50 90' Rental Sprayer acre $2.00 Custom Aerial acre $8.95 Fertilizer Applicator acre $1.00 Input Prices 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Prices Pesticides: Achieve SC oz $1.17 Ally 60 XP oz $16.00 Assure II EC oz $0.69 Axial XL oz $1.14 Bronate pt $6.25 Brox M oz $0.27 Capture LFR acre $2.80 Dimethoate 4EC pt $4.88 Discover.5EC oz $1.47 FarGO 4EC qt $16.70 Finesse oz $17.00 Roundup Power Max oz $0.19 Imidan 70 lb $12.70 Maverick oz $18.25 Poast 1.5 EC pt $14.50 Osprey oz $3.70 Prowl 3.3 EC oz $0.34 Pursuit WDG oz $3.45 Quadris Opti oz $0.95 Quilt oz $1.35 R-11 oz $0.22 Starane 1.5 EC oz $0.47 Starane + Salvo oz $0.50 Starane + Sword oz $0.50 Crop Insurance 1 : Soft white winter wheat acre $23.00 Soft white spring wheat acre $19.00 Dark Northern spring wheat acre $26.00 Spring peas acre $24.00 Spring lentils acre $24.00 Garbanzos acre $24.00 Labor: Hourly machine labor* acre $17.80 Cash Rent: Cash Rent acre Land Tax: Land Tax acre $5.50 Overhead: percent 2.50% Interest: Operating Loan percent 5.75% Machinery Loan/investment percent 6.00% *Includes all applicable state and federal taxes. Input Prices 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Legend: Follow directions below to preserve equations in this spreadsheet. Purple: Data are from Summary page (purple tab). Orange Type: You may adjust data in orange type. All other data will adjust automatically to t Green: Data are from Input Costs page (green tab). Blue: Data are from the Machinery page (blue tab). Production Costs for Direct Seeded Soft White Winter Wheat, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Wheat 80 bu $6.50 $520.00 Variable Costs Seed: $25.20 Wheat Seed 90.00 lb $0.28 $25.20 Fertilizer: $88.70 Nitrogen (dry) 110.00 lb $0.70 $77.00 Phosphorous (dry) 5.00 lb $0.66 $3.30 Sulfur (dry) 15.00 lb $0.56 $8.40 Pesticides: $38.25 Roundup 36.00 oz $0.19 $6.84 Ammonium Sulfate 3.40 lb $0.35 $1.19 M90 3.00 oz $0.17 $0.51 Osprey 4.75 oz $3.70 $17.58 Starane+Salvo 22.00 oz $0.50 $11.00 R-11 3.20 oz $0.22 $0.70 Brox M 1.60 oz $0.27 $0.43 Fungicides: $22.03 Quilt 14 oz $1.35 $18.90 Syltac Sticker 0.5 pt $6.25 $3.13 Machinery: $44.26 Fuel 5.12 gal $3.40 $17.42 Lubricants 1 acre $2.61 $2.61 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $9.61 $9.61 Machinery Labor 0.82 hour $17.80 $14.62 Custom & Consultants: $8.95 Custom Aerial 1 acre $8.95 $8.95 Other: $23.00 Crop insurance 1 acre 23.00 $23.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs. Operating Interest 1 $10.80 Total Variable Costs $261.19 Variable Costs per Unit $3.26 Soft White Winter Wheat 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Soft White Winter Wheat, Northern Idaho Total Fixed Costs $191.11 Fixed Costs per Unit $2.39 Total Costs per Acre $452.30 Total Cost per Unit $5.65 Returns to Risk $67.70 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 9 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are located in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Winter Wheat Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 72.00 80 88.00 Operating Cost Breakeven $3.63 $3.26 $2.97 Ownership Cost Breakeven $2.65 $2.39 $2.17 Total Cost Breakeven $6.28 $5.65 $5.14 Price Yield $5.85 $6.50 $7.15 Operating Cost Breakeven 44.6 40.2 36.5 Ownership Cost Breakeven 32.7 29.4 26.7 Total Cost Breakeven 77.3 69.6 63.3 Soft White Winter Wheat 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Winter Wheat, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90 September Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 1.7 lbs AMS 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, September Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 90 lb seed, 110 lb N, 5 lb P, 15 lb S April Crop Insurance 4.75 oz Osprey, 22 oz April Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Starane+Salvo, 3.2 oz R-11, 1.6 oz Brox M June Aerial Spray Airplane Custom Aerial, 14 oz Quilt,.5 pt Syltac Sticker August Harvest 36' Combine September Shred 400HP-WT, 30' Shredder SWWW-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Soft White Spring Wheat, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Soft White Wheat 58 bu $6.50 $377.00 Variable Costs Seed: $28.00 Soft White Wheat Seed 100 lb $0.28 $28.00 Fertilizer: $84.50 Nitrogen (dry) 100 lb $0.70 $70.00 Phosphorous (dry) 5 lb $0.66 $3.30 Potassium (dry) 0 lb $0.36 Sulfur (dry) 20 lb $0.56 $11.20 Pesticides: $26.45 Roundup 36 oz $0.19 $6.84 M90 3 oz $0.17 $0.51 Ammonium Sulfate 3.4 lb $0.35 $1.19 Axial 8.2 oz $1.14 $9.35 Brox M 12 oz $0.27 $3.24 Starane 8 oz $0.47 $3.76 InPlace 5 oz $0.28 $1.40 Ammonium Sulfate 3.2 oz $0.05 $0.16 Fungicides: $22.03 Quilt 14 oz $1.35 $18.90 Syltac Sticker 0.5 pt $6.25 $3.13 Machinery: $45.52 Fuel 5.29 gal $3.40 $17.97 Lubricants 1 acre $2.69 $2.69 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $9.85 $9.85 Machinery Labor 0.84 hour $17.80 $15.01 Other Labor Custom & Consultants: $8.95 Rental Sprayer 0 acre $2.00 Custom Aerial 1 acre $8.95 $8.95 Other: $19.00 Crop insurance 1 acre $19.00 $19.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs Operating Interest 1 $6.74 Total Variable Costs $241.18 Variable Costs per Unit $4.16 Net Returns Above Variable Costs $135.82 Soft White Spring Wheat 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Soft White Spring Wheat, Northern Idaho Fixed Costs: Machinery depreciation $18.06 $18.06 Machinery interest $13.84 $13.84 Machinery insurance, taxes, housing, licenses $5.75 $5.75 Land Cost* 1 acre $68.76 $68.76 *Based on Share Rent Percentage: Landlord 33.00% Tenant 67.00% Overhead 2 $5.86 Management fee 3 $19.00 Cash rent Land taxes $5.50 Total Fixed Costs $136.76 Fixed Costs per Unit $2.36 Total Costs per Acre $377.94 Total Cost per Unit $6.52 Returns to Risk -$0.94 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 6 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are located in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Soft White Spring Wheat Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 52.20 58 63.80 Operating Cost Breakeven $4.62 $4.16 $3.78 Ownership Cost Breakeven $2.62 $2.36 $2.14 Total Cost Breakeven $7.24 $6.52 $5.92 Price Yield $5.85 $6.50 $7.15 Operating Cost Breakeven 41.2 37.1 33.7 Ownership Cost Breakeven 23.4 21.0 19.1 Total Cost Breakeven 64.6 58.1 52.9 Soft White Spring Wheat 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Soft White Spring Wheat, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90 March Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 1.7 lbs Ammonium Sulfate 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, April Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 100 lb seed, 100 lb N, 5 lb P, 20 lb S May Crop Insurance 8.2 oz Axial, 8 oz Starane, 12 oz May Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Brox M, 5 oz InPlace, 3.2 oz Ammonium Sulfate June Aerial Spray Airplane Custom Aerial, 14 oz Quilt,.5 pt Syltac Sticker August Harvest 36' Combine September Shred 400HP-WT, 30' Shredder September Harrow 200HP-WT, 60' Harrow 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90 September Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 1.7 lbs Ammonium Sulfate SWSW-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Legend: Follow directions below to preserve equations in this spreadsheet. Purple: Data are from Summary page (purple tab). Orange Type: You may adjust data in orange type. All other data will adjust automatically to Green: Data are from Input Costs page (green tab). Blue: Data are from the Machinery page (blue tab). Production Costs for Direct Seeded Dark Northern Spring Wheat, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Dark Northern Spring Wheat 58 bu $8.00 $464.00 Variable Costs Seed: $31.00 Dark Northern Wheat Seed 100 lb $0.31 $31.00 Fertilizer: $108.30 Nitrogen (dry) 130 lb $0.70 $91.00 Phosphorous (dry) 5 lb $0.66 $3.30 Potassium (dry) 0 lb $0.36 Sulfur (dry) 25 lb $0.56 $14.00 Pesticides: $25.85 Roundup 36 oz $0.19 $6.84 M90 3 oz $0.17 $0.51 Ammonium Sulfate 1.7 lb $0.35 $0.60 Axial 8.2 oz $1.14 $9.35 Brox M 12 oz $0.27 $3.24 Starane 8 oz $0.47 $3.76 InPlace 5 oz $0.28 $1.40 Ammonium Sulfate 3.2 oz $0.05 $0.16 Fungicides: $22.03 Quilt 14 oz $1.35 $18.90 Syltac Sticker 0.5 pt $6.25 $3.13 Machinery: $45.52 Fuel 5.29 gal $3.40 $17.97 Lubricants 1 acre $2.69 $2.69 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $9.85 $9.85 Machinery Labor 0.84 hour $17.80 $15.01 Custom & Consultants: Rental Sprayer Applicator 0 acre $2.00 Custom Aerial 0 acre $8.95 Other: $26.00 Crop insurance 1 acre $26.00 $26.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs Operating Interest 1 $7.44 Total Variable Costs $266.13 Variable Costs per Unit $4.59 Net Returns Above Variable Costs $197.87 Dark Northern Spring Wheat 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Dark Northern Spring Wheat, Northern Idaho Fixed Costs: Machinery depreciation $18.06 $18.06 Machinery interest $13.84 $13.84 Machinery insurance, taxes, housing, licenses $5.75 $5.75 Land Cost* 1 acre $87.50 $87.50 *Based on Share Rent Percentage: Landlord 33.00% Tenant 67.00% Overhead 2 $6.47 Management fee 3 $23.00 Cash rent Land taxes $5.50 Total Fixed Costs $160.11 Fixed Costs per Unit $2.76 Total Costs per Acre $426.24 Total Cost per Unit $7.35 Returns to Risk $37.76 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 6 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are located in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Hard Red Spring Wheat Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 52.20 58 63.80 Operating Cost Breakeven $5.10 $4.59 $4.17 Ownership Cost Breakeven $3.07 $2.76 $2.51 Total Cost Breakeven $8.17 $7.35 $6.68 Price Yield $7.20 $8.00 $8.80 Operating Cost Breakeven 37.0 33.3 30.2 Ownership Cost Breakeven 22.2 20.0 18.2 Total Cost Breakeven 59.2 53.3 48.4 Dark Northern Spring Wheat 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Dark Northern Spring Wheat, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90 March Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 1.7 lbs Ammonium Sulfate 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, April Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 100 lb seed, 130 lb N, 5 lb P, 25 lb S May Crop Insurance 8.2 oz Axial, 8 oz Starane, 12 oz May Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Brox M, 5 oz InPlace, 3.2 oz Ammonium Sulfate June Aerial Spray Airplane Custom Aerial, 14 oz Quilt,.5 pt Syltac Sticker August Harvest 36' Combine September Shred 400HP-WT, 30' Shredder September Harrow 200HP-WT, 60' Harrow 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90 September Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 1.7 lbs Ammonium Sulfate DNSW-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Legend: Follow directions below to preserve equations in this spreadsheet. Purple: Data are from Summary page (purple tab). Orange Type: You may adjust data in orange type. All other data will adjust automat Green: Data are from Input Costs page (green tab). Blue: Data are from the Machinery page (blue tab). Production Costs for Direct Seeded Spring Barley, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Barley 1.50 ton $180.00 $270.00 Variable Costs Seed: $19.20 Barley Seed 80 lb $0.24 $19.20 Fertilizer: $67.70 Nitrogen (dry) 80 lb $0.70 $56.00 Phosphorous (dry) 5 lb $0.66 $3.30 Sulfur (dry) 15 lb $0.56 $8.40 Pesticides: $29.68 Roundup 36 oz $0.19 $6.84 Ammonium Sulfate 6.25 pt $0.05 $0.31 M90 4.5 oz $0.17 $0.77 Achieve SC 9.2 oz $1.17 $10.76 Starane+Sword 22 oz $0.50 $11.00 Machinery: $45.52 Fuel 5.29 gal $3.40 $17.97 Lubricants 1 acre $2.69 $2.69 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $9.85 $9.85 Machinery Labor 0.84 hour $17.80 $15.01 Custom & Consultants: Rental Sprayer 0 acre $2.00 Other: $24.00 Crop insurance 1 acre $24.00 $24.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs Operating Interest 1 $5.35 Total Variable Costs $191.45 Variable Costs per Unit $127.63 Net Returns Above Variable Costs $78.55 Spring Barley 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Spring Barley, Northern Idaho Fixed Costs: Machinery depreciation $18.06 $18.06 Machinery interest $13.84 $13.84 Machinery insurance, taxes, housing, licenses $5.75 $5.75 Land Cost* 1 acre $32.32 $32.32 *Based on Share Rent Percentage: Landlord 33.00% Tenant 67.00% Overhead 2 $4.65 Management fee 3 $14.00 Cash rent Land taxes $5.50 Total Fixed Costs $94.11 Fixed Costs per Unit $62.74 Total Costs per Acre $285.56 Total Cost per Unit $190.38 Returns to Risk -$15.56 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 6 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are located in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Spring Barley Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 1.80 2 2.20 Operating Cost Breakeven $92.61 $83.35 $79.38 Ownership Cost Breakeven $79.01 $71.11 $67.72 Total Cost Breakeven $171.61 $154.45 $147.10 Price Yield $202.50 $225.00 $247.50 Operating Cost Breakeven 0.8 0.7 0.7 Ownership Cost Breakeven 0.7 0.6 0.6 Total Cost Breakeven 1.5 1.4 1.2 Spring Barley 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Spring Barley, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90 April Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 1.7 lbs Ammonium Sulfate 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, April Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 80 lb Seed, 60 lb N, 12 lb P, 15 lb S May Crop Insurance 9.2 oz Achieve SC, 22 oz Starane+ May Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Sword, 1.5 oz M90 August Harvest 36' Combine September Shred 400HP-WT, 30' Shredder SB-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Legend: Follow directions below to preserve equations in this spreadsheet. Purple: Data are from Summary page (purple tab). Orange Type: You may adjust data in orange type. All other data will adjust automa Green: Data are from Input Costs page (green tab). Blue: Data are from the Machinery page (blue tab). Production Costs for Direct Seeded Spring Peas, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Peas 1800 lb $0.14 $243.00 Variable Costs Seed: $62.00 Pea Seed 200 lb $0.31 $62.00 Fertilizer: Pesticides: $40.48 Roundup 36 oz $0.19 $6.84 Pursuit 3 oz $3.45 $10.35 Prowl 24 oz $0.34 $8.16 Ammonium Sulfate 6.25 pt $0.05 $0.31 M90 3 oz $0.17 $0.51 Imidan 70 1 lb $12.70 $12.70 Dimethoate 0.33 pt $4.88 $1.61 Machinery: $35.73 Fuel 3.93 gal $3.40 $13.36 Lubricants 1 acre $2.00 $2.00 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $7.46 $7.46 Machinery Labor 0.73 hour $17.80 $12.91 Custom & Consultants: $8.95 Rental Sprayer 0 acre $2.00 Custom Aerial 1 acre $8.95 $8.95 Other: $24.00 Crop insurance 1 acre $24.00 $24.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs Operating Interest 1 $4.92 Total Variable Costs $176.08 Variable Costs per Unit $0.10 Net Returns Above Variable Costs $66.92 Spring Peas 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Spring Peas, Northern Idaho Fixed Costs: Machinery depreciation $14.85 $14.85 Machinery interest $11.34 $11.34 Machinery insurance, taxes, housing, licenses $5.21 $5.21 Land Cost* 1 acre $53.41 $53.41 *Based on Share Rent Percentage: Landlord 33.00% Tenant 67.00% Overhead 2 $4.28 Management fee 3 $12.00 Cash rent Land taxes $5.50 Total Fixed Costs $106.58 Fixed Costs per Unit $0.06 Total Costs per Acre $282.66 Total Cost per Unit $0.16 Returns to Risk -$39.66 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 6 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are locateed in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Spring Peas Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 1620 1800 1980 Operating Cost Breakeven $0.11 $0.10 $0.09 Ownership Cost Breakeven $0.07 $0.06 $0.05 Total Cost Breakeven $0.17 $0.16 $0.14 Price Yield $0.12 $0.14 $0.15 Operating Cost Breakeven 1449.2 1304.3 1185.7 Ownership Cost Breakeven 877.2 789.5 717.7 Total Cost Breakeven 2326.4 2093.8 1903.4 Spring Peas 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Spring Peas, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 3 oz Pursuit, 24 oz March Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Prowl, 50 oz Ammonium Sulfate, 1.5 oz M90 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, April Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 200 lb Seed May Crop Insurance June Aerial Spray Custom Custom Aerial, 1 lb Imidan 70, 0.33 pt Dimethoate August Harvest 36' Combine 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90, September Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 50 oz Ammonium Sulfate SP-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Legend: Follow directions below to preserve equations in this spreadsheet. Purple: Data are from Summary page (purple tab). Orange Type: You may adjust data in orange type. All other data will adjust automatic Green: Data are from Input Costs page (green tab). Blue: Data are from the Machinery page (blue tab). Production Costs for Direct Seeded Spring Lentils, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Lentils 1200 lb $0.30 $360.00 Variable Costs Seed: $19.80 Lentil Seed 45 lb $0.44 $19.80 Fertilizer: Pesticides: $31.05 Roundup 36 oz $0.19 $6.84 Pursuit 3 oz $3.45 $10.35 Prowl 24 oz $0.34 $8.16 Ammonium Sulfate 6.25 pt $0.05 $0.31 M90 3 oz $0.17 $0.51 Dimethoate 1 pt $4.88 $4.88 Machinery: $35.73 Fuel 3.93 gal $3.40 $13.36 Lubricants 1 acre $2.00 $2.00 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $7.46 $7.46 Machinery Labor 0.73 hour $17.80 $12.91 Custom & Consultants: $8.95 Rental Sprayer 0 acre $2.00 Custom Aerial Spray 1 acre $8.95 $8.95 Other: $24.00 Crop insurance 1 acre $24.00 $24.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs Operating Interest 1 $3.44 Total Variable Costs $122.97 Variable Costs per Unit $0.10 Net Returns Above Variable Costs $237.03 Spring Lentils 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Spring Lentils, Northern Idaho Fixed Costs: Machinery depreciation $14.85 $14.85 Machinery interest $11.34 $11.34 Machinery insurance, taxes, housing, licenses $5.21 $5.21 Land Cost* 1 acre $95.13 $95.13 *Based on Share Rent Percentage: Landlord 33.00% Tenant 67.00% Overhead 2 $2.99 Management fee 3 $18.00 Cash rent Land taxes $5.50 Total Fixed Costs $153.01 Fixed Costs per Unit $0.13 Total Costs per Acre $275.97 Total Cost per Unit $0.23 Returns to Risk $84.03 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 6 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are located in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Spring Lentils Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 1080 1200 1320 Operating Cost Breakeven $0.11 $0.10 $0.09 Ownership Cost Breakeven $0.14 $0.13 $0.12 Total Cost Breakeven $0.26 $0.23 $0.21 Price Yield $0.27 $0.30 $0.33 Operating Cost Breakeven 455.4 409.9 372.6 Ownership Cost Breakeven 566.7 510.0 463.7 Total Cost Breakeven 1022.1 919.9 836.3 Spring Lentils 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Spring Lentils, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 3 oz Pursuit, 24 oz March Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Prowl, 50 oz Ammonium Sulfate, 1.5 oz M90 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, April Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 45 lb Seed May Crop Insurance June Aerial Spray Custom Custom Aerial, 1 pt Dimethoate August Harvest 36' Combine 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90, September Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 50 oz Ammonium Sulfate SL-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Legend: Follow directions below to preserve equations in this spreadsheet. Purple: Data are from Summary page (purple tab). Orange Type: You may adjust data in orange type. All other data will adjust automa Green: Data are from Input Costs page (green tab). Blue: Data are from the Machinery page (blue tab). Production Costs for Direct Seeded Garbanzos, Northern Idaho Quantity Price or Value or Item Per Acre Unit Cost/Unit Cost/Acre Gross Returns Garbanzos 1200 lb $0.40 $480.00 Variable Costs Seed: $80.60 Garbanzo Seed 130 lb $0.62 $80.60 Fertilizer: Pesticides: $26.17 Roundup 36 oz $0.19 $6.84 Pursuit 3 oz $3.45 $10.35 Prowl 24 oz $0.34 $8.16 Ammonium Sulfate 6.25 pt $0.05 $0.31 M90 3 oz $0.17 $0.51 Fungicide: $7.60 Quadris 8 oz $0.95 $7.60 Machinery: $35.73 Fuel 3.93 gal $3.40 $13.36 Lubricants 1 acre $2.00 $2.00 Machinery Repairs 1 acre $7.46 $7.46 Machinery Labor 0.73 hour $17.80 $12.91 Custom & Consultants: $8.95 Rental Sprayer 0 acre $2.00 Custom Aerial Spray 1 acre $8.95 $8.95 Other: $24.00 Crop insurance 1 acre $24.00 $24.00 Storage Facility & Equip. Repairs Operating Interest 1 $5.26 Total Variable Costs $188.31 Variable Costs per Unit $0.16 Net Returns Above Variable Costs $291.69 Garbanzos 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Production Costs for Direct Seeded Garbanzos, Northern Idaho Fixed Costs: Machinery depreciation $14.85 $14.85 Machinery interest $11.34 $11.34 Machinery insurance, taxes, housing, licenses $5.21 $5.21 Land Cost* 1 acre $133.84 $133.84 *Based on Share Rent Percentage: Landlord 33.00% Tenant 67.00% Overhead 2 $4.58 Management fee 3 $24.00 Cash rent Land taxes $5.50 Total Fixed Costs $199.30 Fixed Costs per Unit $0.17 Total Costs per Acre $387.61 Total Cost per Unit $0.32 Returns to Risk $92.39 Notes: 1 Calculated at 6.75% interest on operating capital for 6 months. 2 Covers legal, accounting, and utility fees. Calculated as 5% of operating expenses. Details on variable and fixed machinery costs, including fuel, repairs, and machine labor, are located in the 3 The management fee is calculated as a 5% of gross revenue. Garbanzos Machinery Costs table. Breakeven Analysis: - Base + 10% 10% Yield Price 1080 1200 1320 Operating Cost Breakeven $0.17 $0.16 $0.14 Ownership Cost Breakeven $0.18 $0.17 $0.15 Total Cost Breakeven $0.36 $0.32 $0.29 Price Yield $0.36 $0.40 $0.44 Operating Cost Breakeven 523.1 470.8 428.0 Ownership Cost Breakeven 553.6 498.2 453.0 Total Cost Breakeven 1076.7 969.0 880.9 Garbanzos 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Schedule of Operations for Direct Seeded Garbanzos, Northern Idaho Month Operation Tooling Materials/Service 18 oz Roundup, 3 oz Pursuit, 24 oz March Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer Prowl, 50 oz Ammonium Sulfate, 1.5 oz M90 400HP-WT, 32' Direct Seed Drill, April Drill Fertilizer Tanks & Pumps 130 lb Seed May Crop Insurance June Aerial Spray Custom Custom Aerial, 8 oz Quadris Fungicide August Harvest 36' Combine 18 oz Roundup, 1.5 oz M90, September Spray Weeds 200HP-WT, 100' Sprayer 50 oz Ammonium Sulfate G-Calendar 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Machinery Costs ($/acre) from the University of Idaho Machinery Cost Calculator Note: Per hour machinery costs can be changed in this master table and they will update throughout. Per acre costs are calculated in the Machine Cost program using the values listed in the Machinery Complement tab. You can also delete or insert lines in the individual crop machinery cost tables and the budget amounts will be recalculated. Fixed Costs ($/acre): Taxes, Housing, Insurance, License Variable Costs ($/acre): Total Fixed Costs Repairs Fuel Lubricants Total Fuel Use Total Cost Depreciation Interest ($/acre) (hr/acre) (gal/acre) ($/acre) 200HP Trac+Bankout Wagon $0.97 $0.87 $0.13 $1.97 $0.50 $1.40 $0.21 $2.11 $0.88 0.04 0.41 $4.96 400HP Trac+30' Shredder $2.24 $1.56 $0.40 $4.20 $1.68 $3.21 $0.48 $5.37 $1.34 0.07 0.94 $10.91 200HP Trac+60'Harrow $0.53 $0.54 $0.08 $1.15 $0.47 $0.85 $0.13 $1.45 $0.59 0.03 0.25 $3.19 200HP Trac+100'Sprayer $0.44 $0.40 $0.06 $0.90 $0.24 $0.55 $0.08 $0.87 $0.43 0.02 0.16 $2.20 Fertilizer Tanks+Pumps $0.36 $0.25 $0.02 $0.63 $0.29 $0.29 0.00 0.00 $0.92 400HP Tractor+NT Drill32' $3.36 $2.86 $0.96 $7.18 $2.01 $3.82 $0.57 $6.40 $1.75 0.09 1.12 $15.33 Combine + 36' Header $6.55 $4.42 $1.70 $12.67 $2.46 $2.86 $0.43 $5.75 $2.05 0.10 0.84 $20.47 Pickup 3/4 ton 4WD $0.85 $0.63 $0.64 $2.12 $0.24 $1.48 $0.22 $1.94 $2.40 0.12 0.42 $6.46 2-Ton Truck $0.48 $0.30 $0.44 $1.22 $0.40 $0.29 $0.04 $0.73 $0.60 0.03 0.09 $2.55 40' Grain Trailer+Tractor $0.55 $0.67 $1.00 $2.22 $0.80 $1.75 $0.26 $2.81 $3.60 0.18 0.51 $8.63 Trap Wagon $0.48 $0.24 $0.14 $0.86 $0.16 $0.06 $0.01 $0.23 $0.16 0.01 0.02 $1.25 4WD-ATV $0.20 $0.12 $0.02 $0.34 $0.04 $0.26 $0.04 $0.33 $1.32 0.07 0.07 $2.00 50HP Wheel Tractor $0.17 $0.18 $0.03 $0.37 $0.08 $0.42 $0.06 $0.56 $0.88 0.04 0.12 $1.82 Total: $17.18 $13.04 $5.63 $35.84 $9.37 $16.95 $2.53 $28.85 $16.00 0.80 4.96 $80.69 Note: Farm size is assumed to be 2500 acres for the purposes of machinery cost calculations. Labor Machinery Costs 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015

Machinery Complement for Direct Seed Planting, Over 18" Precipitation, Northern Idaho Annual Taxes, Annual Repairs Gallons Housing, Type of Replacement Age When Years of Hours Salvage (Materials of Insur., Labor Acres Machine Value Purchased Life of Use Value & Labor) Fuel/Hr. Licenses Multiplier per Hour $ $ $ % Tractors, ATVs: 4WD-ATV 7,000 0 10 150 2,000 100 1.2 1.2 1.1 50HP-WT w/bucket 16,000 5 20 150 3,500 300 3 1.2 1.1 200HP FWA Tractor 85,000 2 10 300 40,000 1000 9 1.2 1.1 400HP 4WD Tractor 125,000 5 10 450 60,000 3,000 15 1.2 1.25 Equipment: Bankout Wagon 15,000 0 15 100 3,000 500 10 0.6 1.1-100' Pull Sprayer 35,000 0 20 200 5,000 1700 8 0.6 1.2 51 60' Harrow 10,000 5 15 75 1,000 550 9 0.6 1.1 37 30' Shredder 25,000 0 10 100 4,500 2000 15 2.5 1.2 16 Fertilizer Tanks & Pump 25,000 0 20 - - 1000 - - - - 36' NT Drill 125,000 2 10 250 50,000 5,000 15 3 1.25 14 36' Combine 300,000 2 10 250 100,000 7,500 10 2.6 1.25 13 Trucks: Miles/year: MPG: 2-Ton Truck 20,000 15 15 1,000 2,000 1,000 6 10.1 1.2 40'Grain Trailer+Tractor 35,000 10 15 7,500 14,500 2,000 6 10.1 1.2 Trap Wagon 15,000 10 10 500 3,000 400 12 3.8 1.2 3/4T 4WD Pickup 34,000 0 10 12,500 12,857 600 12 6.8 1.2 Machinery Complement 2013DirectSeedGrainRotations 2/24/2015