Part III - p. 1 Content General framework Procedure Screening phase (step 1) Calculation of emissions Validation of scope Allocation of emissions Declaration Annex Supplement: Parameters of Green Logistics method
Part III - p. 2 Steps 1: Screening phase - Overview - Step 1.0 Definition of boundaries of the logistics system Step 1.1 General calculation of emissions approach C (1) Step 1.2 Transfer to Eco-Indicator 99 points (2) Step 1.3 Definition of relevance Step 1.4 Definition of level of detail of step 2.1 (1) In case of administration : simplified approach A is used (2) Irrelevant if GHG emissions are focused only
Part III - p. 3 Definition of temporal, geographical and organizational boundaries of the logistics system (step 1.0) Temporal boundaries - One year (12 months), alternatively Company-specific period (e.g. fiscal year) Calendar year (1) Geographical boundaries on three levels - Country - Continent - Global including all logistics and administrative sites, as well as, transport processes within, to (1) and from the geographical region Country or continent Organizational boundaries - Choice of equity share or functional control approach (2) Assessment scope: (1) Note on double counting: In case of country and continent assessment, double counting of cross-border transportation when summing overall emissions. Focus on outgoing transport for a consistent sum of processes concerned (2) As defined and described by [GHG Protocol, p. 16ff]
Part III - p. 4 Required input data with focus on transport emissions (step 1.1) Specification of relevant input data (focus transport emissions) for the logistics system defined by temporal, geographical and organizational boundaries Please specify the overall transport performance for each transport mode. How much of that transport performance is sub-contracted (i.e. external)? Which share of the external transport performance is igerated? [tkm] [tkm] [%] [%] Which share of the internal transport performance is igerated? road tkm total road tkm ext %tkm road,ext %tkm road,int rail tkm total rail tkm ext %tkm rail,ext %tkm rail,int barge tkm total barge tkm ext Refrigerated transport generally irrelevant sea tkm total sea tkm ext %tkm sea,ext %tkm sea,int air tkm total air tkm ext Refrigeration for assessment generally irrelevant (1) (1) Refrigerated air transport is generally realized on dry-ice basis, which is irrelevant for the GHG emission assessment.
Part III - p. 5 Relevant links and assumptions for the calculation of transport emissions (step 1.1) (1) The overall transport performance is linked to all transport modes, no other transport is covered by the defined logistics system. tkm total = tkm road rail total + tkm total + tkm barge total + tkm sea air total + tkm total The transport performance of each mode is either realized by the fleet owned or controlled by the reporting company (internal) or by sub-contracted service providers (external) tkm total = tkm ext + tkm int The overall transport performance is either igerated or ambient. The specific temperature is not further specified. amb amb 1 = %tkm road,ext + %tkm road,ext = %tkm road,int + %tkm road,int The emissions from igerated transport are calculated using those from ambient mode transport increased by a mode-specific correction factor c
Part III - p. 6 Relevant links and assumptions for the calculation of transport emissions (step 1.1) (2) The transport performance is defined by cargo multiplied with real transport distance tkm = m g d g If the real transport distance is unknown, it is possible to use a fictional direct distance (great circle distance GCD), including a mode-specific correction factor (1). mode d g = d c km or mode For air freight d g = d + stp + 1 c km In case of multi-modal transport chains: - The emissions caused by pre- and on-carriage (e.g. road transport) shall be calculated using the relevant transport performance [tkm] and the respective emissions factor of the mode [kg emissions / tkm]. E multi modal mode,int = tkm mode int EFA mode t + EFA mode mode v + EFA inf E multi modal mode,ext = tkm mode ext EFA mode t + EFA mode mode v + EFA inf - The calculated emissions are allocated to the relevant mode of the main carriage. (1) Correction factors for network density (surcharge for detours) (2) stp = average number of stopovers
Part III - p. 7 Calculation of transport emissions (step 1.1) Step 1: Calculation of GHG emissions of transport [kg CO 2 e] road,ext E t = road tkmext EFA road t 1 + %tkm road,ext c road 1 + EFA road road v + EFA inf E road,int t = tkm road int EFA road t (1 + %tkm road,int c road 1 ) + EFA road road v + EFA inf E rail,ext t = tkm rail ext EFA rail t (1 + %tkm rail,ext c rail 1 ) + EFA rail rail v + EFA inf multi modal +E rail,ext E rail,int t = tkm rail int EFA rail t (1 + %tkm rail,int c rail 1 ) + EFA rail rail v + EFA inf multi modal +E rail,int E barge,ext t = tkm barge ext E barge,int t = tkm barge int EFA barge t + EFA barge v + EFA barge inf EFA barge t + EFA barge v + EFA barge inf multi modal +E barge,ext multi modal + E barge,int E sea,ext t = tkm sea ext EFA sea t (1 + %tkm sea,ext c sea 1 ) + EFA sea v + EFA sea inf multi modal +E sea,ext E sea,int t = tkm sea int EFA sea t (1 + %tkm sea,int c sea 1 ) + EFA sea v + EFA sea inf multi modal +E sea,int E air,ext t = tkm air ext EFA air t + EFA air air v + EFA inf multi modal +E air,ext E air,int t = tkm air int EFA air t + EFA air air v + EFA inf multi modal +E air,int
Part III - p. 8 Ecological assessment of logistics sites The Green Logistics method distinguishes between two types of logistics sites - Transshipment sites Examples: terminals, cross-docking hubs No relevant warehousing covered - Warehouses Warehousing operations need to be assessed Commissioning/picking operations are possible (so-called distribution centers) The logistics sites might be realized with or without building shells. Further general remarks and background information on logistics sites are given in the Annex.
Part III - p. 9 Required input data with focus on emissions of transshipment sites (step 1.1) Specification of relevant input data (focus transshipment sites) for the logistics system defined by temporal, geographical and organizational boundaries Classification concerning one attribute, i.e.»mode«5 classes of transshipment sites Transshipment center or mode on main carriage How often is freight generally transshipped in the logistics network of the reporting company (mode-specific)? How many shipments have been transported by the reporting company in the balance year? internal external [-] [t] or [TEU] [t] or [TEU] road Q ts, road,int Q item road,ext Q item rail Q ts, barge Q ts, rail,int Q item barge,int Q item rail,ext Q item barge ext Q item sea Q ts, sea,int Q item sea,ext Q item air Q ts, air,int Q item air,ext Q item
Part III - p. 10 Calculation of emissions caused by transshipment sites (step 1.1) Step 1: Calculation of GHG emissions of transshipment sites E ts mode,ext [kg CO 2 e] E ts mode,int [kg CO 2 e] E road,ext ts = Q road,ext item Q road ts, road EFA ts E road,int ts = Q road,int item Q road ts, road EFA ts E rail,ext ts = Q rail,ext rail item Q ts, rail EFA ts E rail,int ts = Q rail,int rail item Q ts, rail EFA ts E barge,ext ts = Q barge,ext item Q barge ts, barge EFA ts E barge,int ts = Q barge,int item Q barge ts, barge EFA ts E sea,ext ts = Q sea,ext item Q sea ts, sea EFA ts E sea,int ts = Q sea,int item Q sea ts, sea EFA ts E air,ext ts = Q air,ext item Q air ts, air EFA ts E air,int ts = Q air,int item Q air ts, air EFA ts E ext ts = E ts mode,ext E int ts = E ts mode,int (1) Mode of the main carriage
Part III - p. 11 Required input data with focus on emissions of warehouses (step 1.1) (1) Specification of relevant input data (focus warehouses) for the logistics system defined by temporal, geographical and organizational boundaries Please specify the overall quantity of cargo handled in warehouses in the balance year. Which share is handled in own warehouses? Which share is thereof (% s,int ) igerated Which share is handled in external warehouses? Which share is thereof (% s,ext ) igerated? [t], [m 3 ], [-] (1) [%] [%] Q g s,total % s,int s,int % % s,ext s,ext % (1) E.g., number of shipments, pallets. The reporting company may choose, which base is used, but shall refer the following shares (% s ) to it respectively.
Part III - p. 12 Required input data with focus on emissions of warehouses (step 1.1) (2) What is the relevant amount of consumed or produced at internal warehouses of the logistics system? Type Electricity (1) Energy carrier Packaging material Waste Refrigerant [kwh] [kwh] [kg] [kg] [kg] elec Q s,int ec Q s,int m Q s,int w Q s,int Q s,int e.g. Germany Diesel Stretch foil Plastic N 2 France Oil fuel Bubble wrap Cardboard R 22 UK Natural gas Strapping tape Paper R 32 Norway Shipping carton R 125 Filler material R 134a Labels R 143a (1) Type, i.e. country-specific or electricity-mix specific
Part III - p. 13 Relevant links and assumptions for the calculation of emissions at warehouses (step 1.1) All stored cargo in the assessment scope is either handled in internal or external warehouses. 1 = % s,int + % s,ext The total number of internal warehouses is j. The reporting company may choose between percentage per weight [w%] or volume [vol%] or equivalent. This decision, however, shall be applied throughout the whole assessment. No other consumption shall be relevant at internal warehouses. elec Q s,int,total = Q elec ec ec s,int and Q s,int,total = Q s,int and Q s,int,total = Q s,int m m w w Q s,int,total = Q s,int and Q s,int,total = Q s,int Warehouses are either ambient or igerated. The specific temperature is not further specified for the time being. (1) 1 = % s,int + % s,int amb = % s,ext s,ext + % amb and (1) The differentiation between chilled and frozen cargo might be relevant and should be further investigated.
Part III - p. 14 Calculation of quantities of goods within internal and external warehouses (step 1.1) Quantity of stored goods Internal External Total Total Q g s,int = % s,int Q g s,total Q g s,ext = % s,ext Q g s,total Q g s,total Refrigerated goods s,int Q g, = % s,int s,int Q g s,ext Q g, = % s,ext s,ext Q g s,total Q g, Ambient goods s,int Q g,amb = Q s,int s,int g Q g, s,ext Q g,amb = Q s,ext s,ext g Q g, s,total Q g,amb
Part III - p. 15 Calculation of (specific) (1) emissions of internal warehouses (step 1.1) Emissions of [kg CO 2 e] [kg CO 2 e/t] ec(heating) Heating E s,int = Energy carrier Other (2) E ec(other) s,int = ec(heating) Qs,int EFAec ec(other) Qs,int EFAec ec(heating) ec(heating) E e s,int = s,int s,int Q g,amb ec(other) ec(other) E e s,int = s,int s,int Q g Electricity E elec s,int = Q elec nation s,int EFA elec e elec s,int = E elec s,int s,int Q g Packaging Waste E m s,int = Q m s,int EFA m e m s,int = E m s,int s,int Q g w w E s,int = Q s,int EFA w w e s,int = E w s,int s,int Q g Refrigerants E s,int = Qs,int EFA e s,int = E s,int s,int Q g, Own warehouses E total s,int = i E s,int - (1) Needed for extrapolation of emissions (internal external warehouses) (2) All other consumed energy carriers not used for heating purposes
Part III - p. 16 Calculation of emissions of external warehouses and logistics sites (step 1.1) The emissions caused by external warehouses may be either extrapolated (based on internal warehouses) or estimated by average emission factors. This decision, however, shall be applied for all external warehouses. - Extrapolation of internal warehouse emissions to external warehouses, i.e. emissions caused by goods stored/handled in external warehouses E total s,ext ec s,ext = Q g,amb e heating s,int + Q s,ext g e elec s,int + e m w s,ext s,int + e s,int + Q g, e s,int - Calculation of emissions of external warehouses using average emission factors E total s,ext s,ext = Q g,amb EFA amb s,ext s + Q g, EFA s Emissions of logistics sites [kg CO 2 e] = + E ext site = E ext total ts + E s,ext E int site = E int total ts + E s,int
Part III - p. 17 Required input data with focus on administration sites, employee commuting and business travel (step 1.1) Specification of relevant input data (focus administration sites, employee commuting and business travel) for the logistics system defined by temporal, geographical and organizational boundaries What is the relevant consumption of electricity, energy carriers, and igerants at the administration sites of the reporting company? (1) [kwh] [MJ] [m³] Q elec Q ec Q How many employees are involved in realizing the defined logistics services? How many working days (as average) need to be assessed in the reporting company yearly? [-] Q p [d] wd Ø To what extent are business travels of employees of the reporting company required to realize the defined logistics services? [pkm] [pkm] [pkm] pkm car pkm train pkm plane (1) Administration sites are covered by means of company-specific consumption data, though focusing only on the consumption of electricity, energy carriers, and igerants, no further issues such as material consumption (e.g., paper) or computers are covered by the method.
Part III - p. 18 Relevant links and assumptions for the calculation of emissions caused by administration sites, employee commuting and business travel (step 1.1) Due to an appropriate selection of emission factors, - The electricity consumption shall be specified country-wise. - The consumption of energy carriers and igerants shall be material-specific. The number of employees shall not be full-time equivalent, but the number of persons. An average quantity of working days of wd Ø may be assumed. see»supplement«an average way of an employee d p Ø,nation may be assumed. see»supplement«the passenger-kilometers of business trips are determined per transport mode by multiplying the number of trips and their trip distance. pkm mode = Q travel d travel mode
Part III - p. 19 Calculation of emissions caused by administration sites, employee commuting and business travel (step 1.1) Step 1: Calculation of GHG emissions caused by administration sites, employee commuting and business travel [kg CO 2 e] E admin = E employee = Q nation elec EFA nation i i i i elec + Q ec EFA ec + Q EFA Q p d Ø,nation p 2 wd Ø nation EFA pkm E travel = pkm mode mode EFA pkm
Part III - p. 20 Parameters and emission factors (step 1.1) See»Supplement«for the following parameters and emission factors Parameters mode - Correction factor, transport distance c km mode - Correction factor, igeration c - Average working days wd Ø, average way of an employee d p Ø,nation Emission factors, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions per - Ton-kilometer for average vehicle class, igerated/ambient EFA t mode - Vehicle and infrastructure EFA mode mode v, EFA inf mode - Transshipment per mode EFA ts nation - Quantity of energy carrier EFA ec, electricity (main grid) EFA elec - Quantity of packaging material EFA m, waste EFA w - Quantity of igerant EFA - Quantity of stored good (ambient/igerated) EFA amb s s, EFA ref - Person-kilometer for average passenger transport EFA nation mode pkm, EFA pkm
Part III - p. 21 Step 1.2: Transfer to Eco-Indicator 99 points 1.1 General calculation of emissions approach C 1.2 Transfer to Eco- Indicator 99 points 1.3 Definition of relevance 1.4 Definition of level of detail of step 2.1 Eco-Indicator 99 Method Aim: objective procedure for the screening phase and the definition of assessment scope basing on all relevant environmental impacts EI99-Method allocates environmental impacts to 3 damage categories in a standardized manner Damage to human health (HH), to ecosystem quality (EQ), to resources (R) Values of these 3 damage categories are transferred into eco-indicator99 points using general weighted damage factors example.............................. Multicriteria problem HH EQ R 40 % 20 % 40 % Ei99 3 damage categories Monocriteria problem
Relevance Part III - p. 22 Step 1.3: Identification of relevant and less relevant sub-aspects (1) Sub-aspect [kg CO 2 e] road,ext E t road,int E t rail,ext E t rail,int E t barge,ext E t barge,int E t sea,ext E t sea,int E t air,ext E t Sub-aspect [kg CO 2 e] Share Share cumulated Sub-aspect 1 100 % Sub-aspect 2 Sub-aspect 3 Sub-aspect 4 E total 100 % 100 % / E t air,int ext E site int E site E admin E employee E travel E total Those sub-aspects, whose share of emissions is less than 1 %, shall be defined as less relevant ( ) and may be left unconsidered in step 2. The cumulated share of less relevant sub-aspects shall be less than 5 %. (2) If latter is not the case, all those sub-aspects shall be included, until maximum 5 % were considered as less relevant. (1) Here, only GHG emissions are considered. In case of multiple environmental indicators (in addition to GHG emissions), the eco-indicator 99 method may support the identification step accordingly. (2) Referring to [Klöpffer 2009, p. 31]
Part III - p. 23 Identification of (less) relevant sub-aspects - Example 1 - Sub-aspect [kg CO 2 e] Share Share cum. / external 6,948,480 78.20 % 100.00 % internal 1,484,922 16.71 % 21.80 % external 176,000 1.98 % 5.09 % internal 118,440 1.33 % 3.11 % 97,495 1.10 % 1.77 % 54,292 0.61 % 0.68 % 5,828 0.07 % 0.07 % Relevant sub-aspects Less relevant sub-aspects (<1 % and = 0.68 % < 5 %) Sub-aspects non-existent E total 8,885,457 100.00 %
Part III - p. 24 Identification of (less) relevant sub-aspects - Example 2- Sub-aspect [kg CO 2 e] Share Share cum. / external 6,948,427 78.20 % 100.00 % internal 1,489,202 16.76 % 21.80 % internal 85,300 0.96 % 5.04 % external 81,746 0.92 % 4,08 % 78,192 0.88 % 3.16 % external 77,303 0.87 % 2.28 % 67,529 0.76 % 1.41 % Relevant sub-aspects Less relevant sub-aspects (<1 % and = 4.08 % < 5 %) 57,755 0.65 % 0.65 % Sub-aspects non-existent E total 8,885,457 100.00 %
Part III - p. 25 Step 1.5: Definition of level of detail of the emission calculation in step 2.1 For comparability reasons of the results, the Green Logistics method defines a minimum standard for the level of detail of the emission calculation. Higher levels of detail are optional. Minimum standard for the level of detail of emission calculation (step 2.1) For determining the calculation approach in step 2.1, the reporting company shall consider both, Responsibility for the sub-aspect (internal process, contracted service), i.e. - According to GHG-Protocol Scope 1 and 2 processes Calculation approach A or B Compliance with»20 % rule«, which says that - Maximum 20 % of the emissions determined in step 1»Screening phase«shall be considered key figure based (Approach C) in step 2.1. The other 80 % shall be assessed consumption based and/or distance based (Approach A and/or B) in step 2.1. Furthermore, if external logistics services (Scope 3) already been assessed according to the Green Logistics method (1) need to be considered, it is possible to integrate the emissions declared by the logistics service provider. The relevant share of calculation approaches used by the LSP is considered respectively. (1) To be verified externally according to Green Logistics certification scheme
Part III - p. 26 Transition period for a simplified minimum standard for the emission calculation The current and mid-term data availability requires a»simplified«minimum standard for emission calculation. Therefore, the Green Logistics method provides an optional transition period until 2020 with lower requirements concerning the level of detail. Sub-aspect Scope 1&2»Simplified«minimum standard (Transition period until 2020) 50 % Approach A or B 50 % Approach C Green Logistics minimum standard (Balance year 2021 & after) 100 % Approach A Scope 3 Approach C 20 % rule (Approach B) (1) Scope 1&2 50 % Approach A 50 % Approach C 100 % Approach A Scope 3 Approach C 20 % rule (Approach A) Scope 1&2 50 % Approach A or B 50 % Approach C 100 % Approach A Scope 3 Approach C Approach C Scope 1&2 Approach A Approach A Scope 3 Approach C Approach C (1) Scope 3 transport processes may be calculated according approach B to be detailed, approach A is not required
Free choice Part III - p. 27 Underlying decisions (step 1.5) Today, scope 1 and 2 processes can be assessed consumption based to 50 %. The emissions for administration sites mark exceptions here, they can be assessed to 100 % consumption based from the beginning. A uniform method (e.g., same percentages, deadlines) is defined for all sub-aspects (i.e. means of transport and logistics sites). Employee trips and business trips (Scope 3) are generally assessed by approach C. Balance scope Step 1 2015 70 % 2019 42 % 2021 50 % 50 % 20 %...... The highest required level of detail for the ecological assessment of transports commissioned by sub-service providers (Scope 3 transports) is approach B (distance based with database values on consumption of energy sources). - Given however that: If the Scope 3 real data availability problem does not apply for one transportation means, approach A can be demanded (e.g., air freight as in EU ETS). The reporting company may choose independently, which subaspects are calculated by approach A/B or C (see left). Own & external processes Approach A/B & Approach C Again, the Green Logistics method defines minimum standard, any further detail is optional.