Chapter Review The Nonliving Environment Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Write the correct term in the spaces beside each definition. Unscramble the boxed letters to find a word that describes a biological process discussed in the chapter. 1. average weather conditions over time 2. environmental factors that include soil, sunlight, and air 3. organisms that are not capable of photosynthesis 4. made of overlapping food chains 5. gas used during photosynthesis 6. decaying matter found in soil 7. bacteria in hydrothermal vent communities use this to produce food 8. the air that surrounds Earth 9. a model that shows comparative energy levels for different feeding levels 10. place where humus is found 11. An important biological process: Part B. Concept Review 1. Number these food chain steps in the correct order using the blanks provided. a. omnivores and carnivores b. producers c. herbivores 2. Number these gases in order from the one with the greatest amount in the atmosphere to the one with the least amount in the atmosphere. a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. other gases d. carbon dioxide The Nonliving Environment 37
Chapter Review (continued) Directions: Correctly complete each sentence by underlining the best of the three choices in parentheses. 3. Plants, algae, animals, and bacteria use oxygen for (transpiration, respiration, condensation). 4. Temperature depends on (sunlight, rainfall, wind), which depends on latitude. 5. (Chemosynthesis, Photosynthesis, Humus) is the production of food without light energy. Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 6. List the three main components of the water cycle and provide a brief description of each. a. b. c. 7. If nitrogen in the atmosphere is not in a form plants can use, how do they get nitrogen? What is this process called? 8. Why are the numbers of organisms smaller at high levels of an energy pyramid? Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. 9. What types of organisms are found in soil? 10. Explain how soil can be both biotic and abiotic. 11. Using the carbon cycle as an example, explain how Earth s biosphere recycles materials over and over. 38 The Nonliving Environment
Chapter Test The Nonliving Environment I. Testing Concepts Directions: Match the description in the first column with the item in the second column by writing the correct letter in the space provided. Some items in the second column may not be used. 1. cell fluids are mostly this compound 2. distance from the equator 3. high energy molecules made from photosynthesis 4. living ecosystem components 5. changing nitrogen gas to usable nitrogen in the soil 6. distance above sea level 7. required for recycling matter 8. the first level of the food chain 9. applied to replace soil nitrogen in crop fields, lawns, and gardens 10. average weather over time a. latitude b. elevation c. climate d. producers e. nitrogen fixation f. energy g. biotic factors h. fertilizers i. air j. abiotic factors k. sugar l. water m. consumers Directions: Identify each statement as true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them correct. 11. The atmosphere is mostly oxygen. 12. Light energy is used for photosynthesis. 13. Respiration occurs when temperatures cool water vapor in the atmosphere. 14. The nitrogen cycle involves photosynthesis and respiration. 15. Sugar molecules are broken down for energy or stored in fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The Nonliving Environment 39
Chapter Test (continued) II. Understanding Concepts Skill: Designing an Experiment 1. How could you use a graduated cylinder, a stopper, water, and sunlight to show the fundamentals of the water cycle. Skill: Concept Mapping Directions: Complete the carbon cycle concept map using the correct terms from the chapter. producers use carbon dioxide in the process of 2. energy and carbon dioxide are released during 5. photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases 4. 3. is produced Skill: Comparing and Contrasting Directions: Answer the following question on the lines provided. 6. What are the differences between abiotic factors and biotic factors? Give examples of both. 40 The Nonliving Environment
Chapter Test (continued) III. Applying Concepts Directions: Match the following types of energy on the right with the phrase on the left that best applies. 1. used in photosynthesis 2. stored in sugar molecules 3. used for warmth 4. product of photosynthesis 5. chemosynthesis a. light energy b. heat energy c. chemical energy d. high energy sugar e. sulfur molecules Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 6. In an energy pyramid with three levels (first level producers, second level consumers, and third-level consumers), what percent of the energy from level one (producers) would eventually be transferred to the top level (level three consumers) of organisms? Use the space below to calculate your answer. 7. List two biotic components and two abiotic components of soil. 8. What is the potential danger from having too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? 9. Explain how temperature is responsible for wind. The Nonliving Environment 41
Chapter Test (continued) IV. Writing Skills Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. 1. Which abiotic factors determine what lives in an environment? 2. Explain how elevation affects temperature. 3. Explain the steps of a food chain. Use examples for each level. 4. Discuss two ways CO 2 can be dispensed into the atmosphere. 5. Explain how the process of respiration is important to life processes. 42 The Nonliving Environment