OPEN SCIENCE From Vision to Action 8th UNICA Scholarly Communication Seminar The transition to Open Access: strategies and impacts 1-2 December 2016, University of Lausanne Daniel Spichtinger, Senior Policy Officer Unit A.6. DG RTD - European Commission
Contents What is Open Science The Open Science Agenda & its key areas Open Access to publications and data
Open Science A systemic change in the modus operandi of science and research Affecting the whole research cycle and its stakeholders Commissioner Carlos Moedas Open Science Presidency Conference Amsterdam, 4 April 2016
It's irreversible Digital technologies Exponential growth of data More researchers and research institutions Increase in the scientific production Grand Challenges Expectations and involvement of citizens Accountability, responsiveness and transparency Digital "natives"
It's not happening in isolation Open source software MOOCs Collaborative knowledge production Creative commons Open innovation The sharing/collaborative economy Web 2.0
Great opportunities Better value for money by strengthening the productivity of the European science and research system through the uptake of results by businesses, in particular SMEs that may not have the resources to pay for access to research results More transparency, openness and networked collaboration leading to a higher degree of responsiveness of the research community to societal challenges A sound science and society relationship: more openness may also lead to more trustworthy science from the point of view of the citizen and civil society organisations (NGOs) Big and open data are estimated to add 1.9% of EU-28 GDP by 2020.
Great opportunities for researchers Wider dissemination and sharing of the results Involvement in more interdisciplinary research More visibility and credit for those collecting and sharing underlying research data Involvement in international networks full of potential New career paths e.g. data scientists, start-ups, science diplomacy
Commissioner view "As I see it, European success now lies in sharing as soon as possible, ( ). The days of open science have arrived." Speech at "Presidency Conference Open Science", 04 of April, 2016, Amsterdam
Open Science genesis of our policy Extensive stakeholder consultation Public consultation (July-September 2014) Validation workshops (October-December 2014) Final report (February 2015): http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/science-2.0/science_2_0_final_report.pdf Broad consensus on five policy action lines Strong support by MS and Council Policy debate & Council conclusions 'data-driven economy' May 2015 Presidency conference Open Science & Council conclusions 'open science' May 2016 Reflected in the Commission top priorities and actions Included in the Digital Single Market strategy May 2015 European Open Science Agenda May 2015 High Level Expert Groups on 8 Action Lines Open Science Policy Platform
What are the key drivers? Over 80% agree/totally agree Digital technologies New ways of disseminating results New ways of collaboration Less than 50% agree/totally agree Citizens acting as scientists
What are the key barriers? Over 80% agree/totally agree Quality assurance Lack of credits Lack of infrastructures Limited awareness of benefits Less than 70% agree/totally agree Concerns about ethical and privacy issues
Open Science: key areas 1. Reward systems 2. Measuring quality and impact: altmetrics 3. Changing business models for publishing 4. FAIR open data 5. Open Science Cloud 6. Research integrity 7. Citizen Science 8. Open education and skills
Open Science Policy Platform and European Open Science Agenda May 2016 Competitiveness Council: "NOTES the establishment of the Open Science Policy Platform by the Commission, which aims at supporting the further development of the European Open Science policy and promoting the uptake by stakeholders of best practices, including issues such as adapting reward and evaluation systems, alternative models for open access publishing and management of research data (including archiving), altmetrics, guiding principles for optimal reuse of research data, development and use of standards, and other aspects of open science such as fostering research integrity and developing citizen science"; Commissioner Moedas will inform the Council biannually on advances of the Platform (which consist of 25 Key stakeholders- European Branch Organisations)
Open Science Policy Platform ERA & framework conditions for actors: European Charter for researchers Code of conduct for Research Integrity Charter for Access to Research Infra DSM & framework conditions for data: Copyright - TDM Data Protection Free Flow of Data European Commission Open Science Policy Platform Wide input from stakeholders: ad-hoc meetings and workshops e-platform with wider community reports and independent experts EG on open science cloud EG on altmetrics EG on alt. business models for OA publishing EG on FAIR open data European Open Science Agenda: OA publishing models FAIR open data Science Cloud Alternate metrics Rewards & careers Education & skills Citizen Science Research integrity advice opinions context
Open Access to Scientific Publications and Research Data
Open Access (OA) OA = online access at no charge to the user to peer-reviewed scientific publications to research data ( data management implications) Two main OA publishing business models (for publications) Self-archiving: deposit of manuscripts & immediate/delayed OA provided by author ("Green OA") OA publishing: immediate OA provided by publisher ("Gold OA"), e.g. 'author-pay' model (APC) What OA is NOT Not an obligation to publish Not at odds with patenting OA publications go through same peer review process as non OA publications
Open access policies across the EU (I) NPR report: based on 2012 Recommendation and assorted reporting mechanism (the National Points of Reference for scientific information) open access to scientific peer-reviewed publications most EU Member States reported a national preference for one of the two types of open access, Preference for the Green model: Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia and Spain. Preference for the Gold model: Hungary, the Netherlands, Romania, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Other Member States support both models equally, such as Germany, France, Croatia, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland and Finland. However, there is generally a system of predominance of one model with the possibility of using the other model, so a mixture of both routes results. In most cases based on soft-law, not national legislation
Open access policies across the EU (II) open access to research data policies less developed across EU countries than for OA to publications. However, general acknowledgement of the importance of open research data little or no open access to research data policies in place and no plan for a more developed policy in the near future: Cyprus, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland. little or no open access to research data policies in place, but some plans in place or under development: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey. Open access policies/institutional strategies or subject-based initiatives for research data already in place: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, the United Kingdom.
The international dimension of Open Access Robust open access policies around the world not invented in Europe Strong US OA mandate for federally funded research (agencies with budget of over 100 million ), most notably NIH Strong Green OA mandate in Latin America (SCIELO) Strong OA policies also in Canada, Australia, Japan... Developing policies in other countries, e.g. China, Russia Key non-state funders also have robust mandates (Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation...)
Further developing Open Science with the G20 The G20 Science, Technology and Innovation Ministers Meeting of 4 November 2016 stated: 'We encourage discussion on open science and access to publicly-funded research results on findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable (FAIR) principles in order to increase collaboration on science and research activities'.
Open Science and the G7 & OECD G7, made several supporting statements for OA and OS G7, Autumn 2017 (Italy) scheduled to adopt statement on Open Science with special reference to global dimension of Open Science Cloud and Rewards for Researchers to engage with Open Science Global Science Forum under the OECD is developing a framework for open and inclusive collaboration in Science in order to define future work priorities on Open Science
Open access in Horizon 2020 Regulation establishing Horizon 2020 "To increase the circulation and exploitation of knowledge, open access to scientific publications should be ensured. Furthermore, open access to research data resulting from publicly funded research under Horizon 2020 should be promoted, taking into account constraints pertaining to privacy, national security and intellectual property rights Open access to scientific publications resulting from publicly funded research under Horizon 2020 shall be ensured [...]. Open access to research data resulting from publicly funded research under Horizon 2020 shall be promoted. [...]."
From FP7 to H2020: OA to publications from pilot to underlying principle Obligation to provide OA, either through the Green or Gold way in all areas (deposition mandatory either way) Allowed embargoes: 6/12m Gold open access costs eligible for reimbursement as part of the project budget while the project runs & post-grant support being piloted through OpenAIRE Authors encouraged to retain copyright and grant licences instead
Research data: open by default The Open Research Data Pilot (2014-2016) has been extended to cover all thematic areas of Horizon 2020 as of the Work Programme 2017. Horizon 2020 grantees are required to deposit underlying research data and other research data of their choice in a repository Take measures to grant open access to this research data FAIR data Findable + Accessible + Interoperable + Re-usable
Open Research Data Pilot in H2020 Projects may opt out in a series of cases, at any stage If the project will not generate / collect any data Conflict with obligation to protect results Conflict with confidentiality obligations Conflict with security obligations Conflict with rules on protection of personal data If the achievement of the action s main objective would be jeopardised by making specific parts of the research data openly accessible (to be explained in data management plan) Approach: as open as possible, as closed as necessary
Projects must have a DMP A Data Management Plan (DMP) provides information on: The data the research will generate How to ensure its curation, preservation and sustainability What parts of that data will be open (and how)
Guidelines on FAIR Data Management Available here on the Participant Portal!
What does FAIR data mean?
ORD Pilot: take-up in first calls of H2020 Basis: 3699 Horizon 2020 signed grant agreements Calls in core-areas: 65,4% stay in, opt out 34,6% Other areas: voluntary opt in 11,9% (409/3268)
ORD Pilot: opt-out reasons among proposals
We welcome your input! Contact us Mail: RTD-open-access@ec.europa.eu Web: http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm Twitter: @OpenAccessEC Ressources OpenAIRE: https://www.openaire.eu/ Public consultation: http://scienceintransition.eu NEW NPR report https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/openaccess/npr_report.pdf#view =fit&pagemode=none NEW H2020 guidance updated on the portal: http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/docs/h2020-funding-guide/crosscutting-issues/open-access-dissemination_en.htm