HYDROGEN GENERATION FOR THE ENHANCED INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Dr.ir. Jan Vaes Technology Director Hydrogenics Europe NV Oevel BMG Lustrum 19 September, Mechelen 1
Hydrogenics in Brief 3 production Belgium, Canada and Germany ON-SITE HYDROGEN GENERATION Electrolyzers Industrial Hydrogen supply POWER SYSTEMS Fuel cells Stand-by Power Mobile Power Modules MW Power Plants RENEWABLE HYDROGEN Energy Storage Hydrogen Refueling Station Power-to-X Grid balancing services 2
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) Solid polymer electrolyte Deionized water (0.25µS) Nanoporous Thank you, Wikipedia Uploader! 3
PEM membrane-electrode-assembly technology High purity low gas cross over 30 bar operational pressure High conductivity - 150 µm thick High power density 4
Dryer demin water gas separation /circulation - stack 5
Dual stack PEM process and rectification in 40 ft housing 6
Demand and supply mismatch: geographically and timing wise Wind Wind planned PV Grid-congestion Transmission grid expansion needed 2000 km; done: 80 km Distribution grid Power demand Source: Ahmels, 2011 7
[Renewable] Hydrogen 8
Seasonal storage capacity SNG H 2 9
Hydrogen technology = El Bulli Ferra-style energy storage Electrochemical storage H(1p, 1e - ) vs. Li (4n,3p,3e - ) 10
The deconstructed battery Charging Rate capacity 0 2 Storage capacity H 2 0 Fuel Cell Technology Water Electrolysis H 2 Discharging Capacity 11 Air
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TODAY A range of hydrogen fuelled passenger cars are emerging Huyndai ix35 SUV (2014) Toyota (2015) Symbio F-Cell (2015) (range extender on Renault Kangoo) Daimler, Honda, BMW, Porsche, Audi, Nissan (2017-2020)... And buses, trucks, forklifts : Van Hool, VDL, Mercedes-Benz, e-trucks, Plug Power, Still 12
CO 2 pollution is a kinetic problem 13
Power-to-Methanol, Niederaussem, Germany Power-to-Fuels Carbon capture unit Photo credit: University of Duisburg-Essen 14 1
http://biocat-project.com/ 15
Power to X business Capital P2G Economic Drivers Operating Cost Multiple Revenue Streams Equipment Capex Capacity Factor Price of Electricity H2 Energy Produced Grid Services Renewable Fuel or Gas Premium 16
[Renewable] hydrogen Selection of recent demonstration projects Power Gas Industry Mobility Fuel Country Project Size Year Electrolyser technology Thailand EGAT 1.2 MW + 500 kw FC 2017 PEM Canada Enbridge P2G 2 MW 2017 PEM Germany MefCO2 1 MW 2017 PEM Denmark HyBalance 1.2 MW 2017 PEM UK Levenmouth 370 kw + 100 kw FC 2016 Alkaline + PEM Denmark BioCat 1 MW 2016 Alkaline Italy Ingrid 1 MW 2016 Alkaline UK Aberdeen 1 MW 2016 Alkaline Germany WindGas Reitbrook 1.5 MW 2015 PEM Canada Raglan Copper mine 350 kw + 200 kw FC 2015 Alkaline Belgium DonQuichote 150 kw 2015 Alkaline + PEM Germany WindGas Falkenhagen 2 MW 2014 Alkaline 17
Power-to-Gas potential is at GigaWatt scale Publication Potential for water electrolysis (P2G) Study of the requirement for electricity storage in Germany Agora Energiewende Commercialisation of Energy Storage in Europe Mc Kinsey, FCH-JU, 2014 Reduction of CO2 emissions by addition of hydrogen to natural gas by Haines, Polman and de Laat, in IEA Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Volume 1 GER: 16 GW (2023), 80 GW (2033) and 130 GW (2050) GER: 170 GW by 2050 (all energy storage) UK: 23.5 GW of electrolysis in 2050 Study of hydrogen and methanation as processes for capturing the value of excess electricity Report by ADEME GRTGaz and GRDF, France The role of power-to-gas in the future Dutch energy system ECN and DNVGL for TKI Gas, 2014 FR: 1.2-1.4 GW of P2G plant in France by 2030 and up to 24 GW by 2050 HOL: 20 GW of installed P2G capacity if deep CO 2 emission reduction targets in the energy system (-80% to -95% by 2050) Effects of large-scale power to gas conversion on the power, gas and carbon sectors and their interactions KULeuven, 2014 18 BE: 7 GW Power-to-Methane potential a 100% RES scenario
To conclude Hydrogen storage technologies are available [efficiency/cost] steadily improve Central role in Power to X concepts Power-to-X offers a system solution for Decarbonizing all energy vectors (transport / grid / industry / heating) Energy - independence from fossil fuels Lowering cost of a CO 2 neutral infrastructure Biggest challenges are economical ( market design ) Combining revenue-streams is needed for first commercially plants Implementation will be accelerated by legislation: Incentives for the use of wind- an solar (avoid curtailment) Incentives for green H 2 use in mobility and industry Incentives for green H 2 in traditional industries (hydrocarbons, ammonia, metallurgy,...) Redefine taxation of CO 2 19
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