University Of Oklahoma WaTER Confernce 215 21-23 September, 215 Evaluation of Electrocoagulation and Fenton's reagent for Arsenic removal from drinking water Ms. ASMITA JADHAV Research Scholar, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, NEERI, Nagpur India
Content Objectives of the research Electrocoagulation Arsenic removal by Electrocoagulation Arsenic removal by Fenton's Reagent Results Conclusion
Objectives of the research Review of existing arsenic removal technologies for potable water supply. To study and develop a treatment technology for the removal of arsenic from drinking water to meet the maximum contaminant level of Arsenic based on electro-coagulation using iron electrode Laboratory experiments for arsenic removal Experimental Parameters -Current Intensity -Initial Arsenic Concentration -Iron concentration -ph A comparative study of arsenic removal by Electrocoagulation Vs Fenton s reagent.
Electrocoagulation EC involves the generation of coagulant in situ by dissolution of metal from the anode with simultaneous formation of hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas at the cathode. This process produces the corresponding aluminum or iron hydroxides and/ or polyhydroxides, with the added benefit of the gas generated assisting in bringing the flocculated particles to the surface while providing them additional buoyancy to float at the water surface Fig. Schematic representation of Electrocoagulation-cell
Arsenic removal by Electrocoagulation Laboratory Scale Batch Electrocoagulation: 15L Electrochemical Batch Reactor Iron Electrodes (99% purity, 2 mm thickness; effective area 18 cm 2 on each side) The plates were placed 1mm apart in the batch cell. The mono-polar 3 electrodes connected in parallel were used in electrocoagulation cell for the experiments. A direct current (DC) supply (TESTRONIX 34C, 1-15V, - 5 A, Digital Display)
Arsenic removal by Fenton's Reagent Experimental Set-up For Fenton's Reagent: The batch process was carried out in plastic buckets of 15L capacity. It consists of two plastic buckets of 15L capacity with outlet arrangement. The outlet was made by using 12mm PVC pipes and the outlet point of the pipe is kept higher than the top layer of fine sand by 5 cm. This arrangement was made for creation of a permanent bio film layer above the sand layer(the assembly is followed by slow sand filter). A plastic barrel was used for the collection of treated water.
Residual Arsenic concentration(µgl-1) Residual Arsenic concentration(µgl-1) Residual Arsenic concentration(µgl-1) Residual Arsenic concentration(µgl-1) Effect of ph on arsenic removal: 2 15 1 Results: Electrocoagulation 75µgL-1 1µgL-1 15µgL-1 2µgL-1 2 15 1 75µgL-1 1µgL-1 15µgL-1 2µgL-1 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time (min) Effect of initial arsenic concentration at ph 3.5 and.5 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time(min) Effect of initial arsenic concentration at ph 3.5 and 1 A 25 2 15 75µgL-1 1µgL-1 15µgL-1 2µgL-1 25 2 15 75µgL-1 1µgL-1 15µgL-1 2µgL-1 1 1 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time(min) Effect of initial arsenic concentration at ph 6.5 and.5 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time(min) Effect of initial arsenic concentration at ph 6.5 and 1A
Residual Arsenic Conc. (µgl-1) Residual Arsenic conc. (µgl-1) 2 15 75µgL-1 1µgL-1 15µgL-1 2µgL-1 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time(min) Effect of initial arsenic concentration at ph 9.5 and.5 A 2 15 75µgL-1 1µgL-1 15µgL-1 2µgL-1 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time(min) Effect of initial arsenic concentration at ph 9.5 and.5 A
% Removal Efficiency Effect of Initial Arsenic concentration The EC experiments were carried out in the range 75-2µgL -1 for evaluation of arsenic removal efficiency at.5-1a on 6.5 ph of drinking water as on this ph according to the results shows best efficiency. 95. % Removal efficiency 9. 85. 8. 5 1 15 2 25 Initial Concentration(µgL-1) Figure :Removal Efficiency (%) of Arsenic at ph 6.5 and.5a
% Removal Efficiency It was observed that higher initial concentration such as 2µgL -1 took more time to reach below 1µgL -1. Figure, For 1µgL -1 the removal efficiency was higher than 92% whereas for 2µgL -1 the removal efficiency was 84% at.5 A. 1 % Removal efficiency 95 9 85 5 1 15 2 25 Initial Concentration(µgL-1) Figure : Removal Efficiency (%) of Arsenic at ph 6.5 and.5a
ph ph Variation of ph with time The ph of raw water was increased in electrocoagulation with time as shown below in Figure. 1 8 3.5 6.5 9.5 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time (min) 1 3.5 9 6.5 8 9.5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (min) 8 9 1 11 12 Figure : Variation of ph with Time at.5a Figure : Variation of ph with Time at 1A
Residual Arsenic concentration(µgl-1) Effect of current processing time 12 As(µgL-1)At.5 A 1 As(µgL-1)At 1 A 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Time(min) Figure : Effect of Current processing time on Residual Arsenic concentration at ph 6.5 with initial conc. 1µgL -1.
Arsenic removal using Fenton s Reagent Arsenate Removal Efficiency Using Fenton's Reagent Arsenate Removal Efficiency Using Fenton's Reagent Arsenate Removal Efficiency % 1 99 98 97 96 147.11 1. 99.37 98.74 98.11..93 1.85 2.78 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling Interval (Hour) Arsenate conc.: 1 ppb Flow Rate: 12 ml / min 15 1 5 Residual Arsenate Conc. (ppb) Arsenate Removal Efficiency % 1 99 98 1. 548.67 99.83 99.83 99.49..93.93 2.78 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling Interval (Hour) Arsenate conc.: 5 ppb Flow Rate: 12 ml / min 6 4 2 Residual Arsenate Conc. (ppb) Arsenate removal Efficiency % Residual Arsenate Conc. (ppb) Arsenate removal Efficiency % Residual Arsenate Conc. (ppb) Arsenate Removal Efficiency % Arsenate Removal Efficiency Using Fenton's Reagent 1 99 98 1188.93 99.84 99.92 1. 99.77 1.85.93. 2.78 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling Interval (Hour) Arsenate conc.: 1 ppb Flow Rate: 12 ml / min 12 8 4 Residual Arsenate Conc. (ppb) Arsenate removal Efficiency % Residual Arsenate Conc. (ppb)
Conclusion Based on present work following conclusions are drawn: ph 6.5 was found to be most appropriate for treating the drinking water for arsenic removal by Electrocoagulation. In electrocoagulation increase in ph is observed but the increase is within safety limit prescribed by WHO ( as per the limit it is safe to drink water upto ph of 8.5). The electrocoagulation process was able to decrease the residual arsenic concentration to 1µgL -1 and meet the drinking water standard (Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) IS: 15: 212) with iron electrode. Fenton's reagent was also feasible for arsenic removal, the experiments showed more than 98% removal efficiency for arsenic removal from drinking water. The comparative study of these methods revealed that both methods have advantages and disadvantages as per the operating parameters. These methods can be used for arsenic removal as per the requirement. Electrocoagulation can be a good option for community, whereas for household purpose Fenton s reagent can be useful.
Acknowledgement CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Dr. Pawan Labhasetwar Er. Subhash Andey Dr. Pranav Nagarnaik University Of Oklahoma- WaTER Center Dr. David Sabatini Dr. Jim Chamberlain
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