JF (Bangladesh) Limited Topic: Project Cargo and/or Unique/Unusual Task Presented by Sudatta Barua Lloyd s s Agency Department JF ( Bangladesh) Limited Finlay House Chittagong, Bangladesh at Lloyd s s Agency Conference Held at London 19 & 20 October 2009 1
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Topic: Project Cargo and/or Unique/Unusual Task Mr. Chairman, Distinguished Delegates & Participants. It is my pleasure as well as great privilege to be with you today at this conference of Lloyd s Agents and a great opportunity to address you all. 2
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Contents Background Stowage Planning Lifting Planning Securing Planning Cargo Securing Manual Some unusual / unique task with photographs 3
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Background Bangladesh being a developing country, have enormous opportunity and scope to build her infrastructure in the field of Power, Roads, Bridge, Gas exploration and other vast natural resources which are still lying unutilized mainly due to lack of fund and technical knowledge. For the last several years, Bangladesh have received substantial quantity of Grant, Loans and Donations from different countries of the world. As a result, various Project Equipments have arrived into Bangladesh by virtue of which, we being the Lloyd s Agents had the opportunity to get ourselves involved as surveyor in undertaking Loss Prevention Surveys on project equipments, mainly on Power and Gas Sectors, including Bridge Equipment starting from the point of cargo discharge at hook point until delivery to final destination 4 at project site, at various stages
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Shipping high-value and often fragile project cargoes can result in extremely costly claims if preparation, loading and discharge procedures are not carried out in strict compliance with manufacturers recommendations and industry best practice. The key to success is detailed planning, which should involve a representative of the shipper, cargo superintendent and surveyor appointed by the carrier. Pre-planning should include provision of suitable information describing the cargo in detail and include: Gross mass Centre of gravity Principal dimensions (including scale of drawings) Bedding requirement 5
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Stowage Planning The location of stowage for heavy items or project cargo must be considered carefully. The closer the cargo is placed to the vessel s centre of motion, the less violent acceleration forces will be. Heavy-lift items should be stowed in a fore and aft direction. Maximum permissible deck loading must also be considered, and may require the use of a bedding arrangement that will spread the load appropriately. Bedding arrangements can also ensure a suitable degree of friction is achieved and may incorporate additional securing arrangements. 6
JF (Bangladesh) Limited A detailed assessment of cradles supplied with the cargo may be required to determine whether they are suitable to withstand the acceleration forces that will be experienced during the voyage. Only items that shippers have specifically identified as being suitable for deck stowage should be considered for loading on the weather deck. 7
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Lifting Planning Voyage details will have to be examined to ensure that the load and discharge ports can accommodate the vessel and cargo. The depth of water, expanse of quayside and reach and capacity of cranes should all be sufficient to enable loading and discharge within the parameters dictated by the cargo and handling equipment. In addition to being adjacent to the centre of gravity, lifting points should be clearly marked and positioned in such a way that specialist lifting spreaders are not required. If this is not possible, specialist equipment should be shipped with the cargo to avoid inappropriate improvisation at a later date. 8
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Quite often the recommendations of a cargo superintendent concerning the use of lifting cradles, slinging arrangements and crane requirements that are put in place at the load port are not implemented to the same rigorous extended at the discharge port. Planning should not be limited to load-port requirements only. 9
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Securing Planning To avoid uneven load distribution, lashing material should be consistent for each piece of equipment being secured. Details of securing points must accompany the cargo and include their maximum strength and optimum angle of restraint. An angle of 25 to the horizontal is often considered optimum for resistance to sliding and 45 to 60 the preferred angle for tipping resistance. 10
JF (Bangladesh) Limited Calculations should be carried out to determine how many lashings will be required. Annex 13 of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code) contains details on a number of different calculation methods that can be adopted for nonstandardized cargoes. 11
It may be necessary to attach additional securing points to the vessel, but welding to frames and fuel tanks should not take place without class approval. Furthermore, welding should only be conducted following a proper hot-work procedure, and surfaces should be inspected to ensure they are suitable for attachment of additional securing points. Sea fastenings may be required to prevent cargo movement. The location, size and amount of weld used to attach them to the hull must be calculated carefully, and hot-work procedures should be rigorously enforced. 12
Cargo Securing Manual Appendix 1 of the CSS Code contains IMO resolution A.489(XII), which describes the information that should be contained in the vessel s Cargo Securing Manual. The importance of this document cannot be overemphasized it is a requirement of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) chapter VI, regulation 5, and must be approved by vessel s Flag State administration. 13
Chapter 3 of the Cargo Securing Manual should include information the master can use to assist with the evaluation of forces that will affect non-standardized cargoes and factors that should be considered when assessing the application of securing devices. These should include: voyage during sea condition geographical area ship characteristics static and dynamic forces affecting the ship type, packaging and stowage pattern of cargo units 14
On ships that frequently carry heavy-lift and project cargoes, the Cargo Securing Manual and/or the vessel s safety management system should include a checklist for loading and discharging such cargoes. In addition to issues already discussed, the following should be addressed: maintaining suitable stability throughout the operation agreeing and testing ballast transfer procedures checking lifting equipment/certificates and setting limit switches holding briefing meeting with all involved and appointing signalmen tending moorings and gangway throughout reducing free surface to a minimum testing and proving all communication systems 15
Following are the some unusual tasks which we consider will need to be addressed for improvement of quick transportation of project equipment to inland destination /project site. 1. Project cargo of maximum weight 250 M/Tons single unit has been discharged at the Chittagong port. The discharging from the vessel was by ship's gears but the next problem being discharging of the unit from the trailer and placing the unit at the project site due to lack of availability of heavy lift crane at the project site. The transport takes place from port to new factory/project site and the cargo at times are very unusual size with length of the molds at approximately 40 meters and width at about 5 meters. Due to the unusual size and shape, without a doubt the overland portion is much more difficult than the ocean part of the move. 16
In Bangladesh, we have only two sea ports, the first port is located in Chittagong while second small port is located at Mongla, Khulna, some 600 KM away from Chittagong and the final destinations of project cargoes are located in various part/remote area of Bangladesh, some 350 to 550 KM away from each port. The unloading part of such oversized project cargo is accomplished manually by arranging temporary landing ground to the height of the bed of the trailer thereafter pulling the unit out from the trailer bed by using hydraulic jacks and steel rollers. This exercise some times may cause damages to the equipment itself which may result claim on their Underwriters. Please see below some digital photo illustrations on manual unloading of project cargo at destination. 17
A 45 MT Transformer transported from Chittagong port to a remote (550 KM away from Chittagong) village location on a low bed trailer. 18
Temporary landing ground level is about 3 lower from the trailer bed 19
Ground level raised and wooden planks placed to make in level with the trailer bed 20
Steel rollers placed under the Transformer for pulling it out by a wire ropes tackle 21
The Transformer is being pulled by the tackle 22
The Transformer moved from the trailer on to the raised ground by using steel rollers and wire tackle 23
2. Due to scarcity of Heavy lift shore cranes or floating crane, the only means to discharge project cargo from vessel is to depend on ship gears, in such situation experienced crane operator is needed to handle discharge of heavy lift project cargo which is not always reliable. 3. At times, import project cargoes are discharged on to over side barges for inland transportation, also some export project cargoes are transported by barges. The special type of barges to receive such project cargoes are not readily available always due to scarcity in supply. 24
4. Sometime the cargo insurers cover the risk of land transportation of the project cargo from the port to remote project sites in Bangladesh. In those situation the selection of appropriate vehicle and experienced transportation company is extremely important. Utmost care should be taken for proper securing/lashing of the project cargo on the vehicles to avoid damages to cargo during inland transportation. 25
5. In the cases of project cargo being loaded and discharged from a vessel, a cargo discharge supervision survey is carried out in order to ascertain the condition of the project cargo in the cargo holds of vessel prior to discharging or condition of the cargo prior loading on board a vessel. Unloading supervision survey is also very important in order to record how when and where the cargo have been damaged so that immediate measures can be taken for arranging joint survey involving carrier who are basically responsible to arrange discharge of cargo from vessel by their appointed Berth Operator. 26
All precautionary measures are taken to avoid loss/damage to project cargo during the course of discharging / loading. But from our experiences we have noticed that the stevedores due to their ignorance do not handle the cargo with care. As a result, cargo gets damage at times are not properly recorded due to inexperienced surveyors, consequently it becomes difficult on the part of the Cargo Underwriters to identify the actual party responsible for such loss/damage to cargo, thus recovery action (s) are not always possible. 27
6. Every move is unique, basically the moving solution requires a specialized moving planner to take accountability of the possessions from origin to destination whether you require pallet storage or floor stacked storage for unusual or oversized goods. The world is getting smaller however it s still a daunting task for most companies to control the flow of goods across it efficiently. It requires the utmost attention, specialized expertise such as logistics capability, precise timing, wide geographical knowledge, and global connections to coordinate project cargo movements from origin to destination. 28
Thank you 29