Challenges in Seoul Metropolitan for restoring urban water cycle Reeho Kim*, Seung Won Lee, Jung-hun Lee Daehee Lee, Muhammad Shafique Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology 1
Table of Contents 1 Impacts of urbanization and climate change 2 Policies for urban water cycle in Korea 3 Efforts and accomplishment of Seoul Metropolitan 4 Future Perspectives 2
1 Impacts of urbanization and climate change 3
1. Impacts of urbanization and climate change 2 Urbanization Impermeable area (%) Increase! 47.7 7.8 1962 2010 Evaportranspiration (%) 43.3 Decrease! 18.3 Surface runoff (%) Increase! 51.9 10.6 1962 2010 Dramatically increase of impermeable layer since 1960 s Urban problems due to distortion of natural water cycle such increase of rainfall runoff 1962 2010 4
1. Impacts of urbanization and climate change 1 Urban problems flash flooding water contamination stream scouring urban drought 1994: 3,384 death by heat wave in Korea 2010 ~ 2012: urban flood occurrence 2013: the most frequent occurrence of tropical night during beyond 19 years 2012: the most severe drought during recent 104 years Present: 2 nd consecutive drought 5
1. Impacts of urbanization and climate change 3 Adaptation of climate change Limitation of Gray infrastructure 545.09 Water Management Water Control & Supply 273.21 15.3 27.2944.6872.5296.69 143.14 186.57 Extreme Precipitation 45.3641.37 19.49 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Energy Efficiency Green Infra Restoration of Ecology Ecology Recovery Shortage of Water High Temperature Impacts of Climate Change Cooling Effect Need Sound water cycle system through distributed rainwater management 6
2 Policies for urban water cycle in Korea 7
2. Policies for urban water cycle in Korea 1 Government Policy Agenda Action Plan UNESCAP: Green Growth(2005),Seoul Low Carbon Green Growth (2008) Past 60 years Economic growth Creating New 60 years (Aug. 15, 2008) Next 60 years Low carbon Green growth Today, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Korea, I want to put forward Low Carbon, Green Growth as the core of the Republic s new vision If we make up our minds before others and take action, we will be able to lead green growth and take the initiative in creating a new civilization Administrative Priority 1. Economic Revival (Creative Economy, ) 2. Happiness of the People (Public Safety, ) 3. Cultural Enrichment 4. Foundation for Peaceful Unification Administrative Priority 2 : Happiness of the People (4 Strategies, 64 Administration Subjects) Strategy 15: Disaster Prevention & Systematic Management - Subject 92: Reinforcement of National Disaster Management System (Expansion of Sewer Pipe & Storage Facilities) Strategy 16: Promotion of Pleasant & Sustainable Environment - Subject 99: Adaptation of Climate Change (Restoration of Sustainable Water Cycle System: Application of LID Concept) 8
2. Policies for urban water cycle in Korea 2 Laws on Water Cycle Management Urban Water Cycle Management & Water Use Efficiency 1960 ~ 1970 1980 1990 2000 Development of water resources Fundamental Law Flood protection, Social amenity, environmental protection Framework Act on The national Land Development of stable water resources Framework Act on Environmental Policy Occurrence of water pollution accident Limits on natural resources Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth Balance of development and environment 2001 2002 2004 2007 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 Water Supply and Waterworks Installation Act (Rainwater harvesting) Law Ordinances Countermeasures Against natural Disaster Act (Runoff Reduction Facilities) Water Quality & Ecosystem Conservation Act (Measures of nonpoint pollution) Suwon City(Framework Ordinance on IWM, 2009/ Ordinance on the Water Cycle Management, 2009. 6) Law to Promote & Support Water Reuse (Rainwater harvesting Grey water Reuse of treated wastewater) Special Act on Waterfront Development (Application of LID Technologies in Land Use Planning) Sewerage Act (Wastewater Storage Facility) Urban Park Act (Installation & Management Standards of Detention) Namyangju City(Framework Ordinance on Water Management & Water Cycle, 2009. 10) Law to Support Green Building (Evaluation Item: Water Cycle Management) Enforcement Rules on Decision, Structure & Installation Criteria of City & County Planning Facilities (Restoring the Natural Water Cycle) Law Amendments to Promote & Support Water Reuse (Installation Obligation for the Private Sector Such as Multi- Residential House, Large Stores, Golf Course etc. Seoul Metropolitan(Framework Ordinance on Restoring Water Cycle & Low Impact Development, 2014. 1) Law(Draft) Law to promote and support for urban development of water cycle(draft), 2014. 2 9
3 Efforts and accomplishment of Seoul Metropolitan 10
1 Vision and Goals Vision Creating Sound Water Cycle City With Citizens Promotion Goals Reducing Urban Runoff for Restoring the Natural Water Cycle Activation of Rainwater Harvest and Water Reuse managing 620mm of rainfall equivalent to 40% of annual pre cipitation by 2050 year Management Strategies for Water cycle city Safe and clean water cycle city Sufficient and recycling possible water cycle city Water cycle city with nature and citizens 11
1 Vision and Goals Vision: Creating Sound Water Cycle City With Citizens Objects: Restoring the natural water cycle Managing 40% of annual rainfall to not run-off flow Policy arrangement Official administration structure Practical outcomes Citizen participation Ordinances enactment Prior consultant for LID Rainwater managing task force team Applying LID facilities Extension of permeable pavements Water Cycle citizen committee Water Cycle expo and exhibit 12
2 Policy Enforcement Situation Enactment of Promotion and Support for Water Recycle Basic Ordinance ( 12.5) Establishment of Plans for Management of Water Recycle to 2020 Objective: about 14.4% for total water usage to water reuse (210M ton/year) Enactment of Water Cycle Recovery & Low Impact Development Basic Ordinance ( 14.1) Assigning Rain-sharing Amount to for the Water Cycle Recovery Mandatory of Prior Consultation for Low Impact Development 13
2 Policy Enforcement Situation Administrative Task Force (T/F) team for rainfall management Based on 4 teams of Water Cycle Bureau division, consist of total 13 teams of 7 divisions Including not only water-related teams but also the other teams applying Water Cycle concept to their tasks even budget dealing team to proceed Water Cycle projects General Water Cycle Planning Group Improvement of Policy Implementation System on Water Cycle in Districts 14
2 Practices Prior Consultation for Low Impact Development Consulting target developments Private Development All Public (over Development (related to 44 laws concerning Private Development (over 1,000m 2 ) 10,000m 2 ) Integrated further review development) Planning Division for Water Cycle Each sector including Building facilities, Street facilities and Park area Integrated Planning Division for Water Cycle Consist of 5 specialists from various areas 3 members of GI-LID Research Group included the division 15
3 Practices Prior Consultation for Low Impact Development Area (%) 89 60.4 Area (%) 11 1.2 16.2 22.1 Public Private Permeable Infiltration Green roof Storage pavement trench facility Lead private sector to apply LID application more than public sector with respect to total applied area Among used LID technology, permeable pavement was the most applied. 16
3 Practices Extension of permeable pavement total sidewalk area in Seoul: 6,656,046 m 2 current permeable sidewalk area: 183,087 m 2 (about 3%) plans for transformation of entire impermeable sidewalk to permeable sidewalk substantially until 2025 Percentage of permeable sidewalk area (%) permeable sidewalk area extension to about 61% (increase of 3,883,776m 2 ) entire extension to permeable sidewalk (increase of 6,472,959m 2 ) 17
4 Researches Conclusion of MOU among research institutes for technical collaboration collaboration system with GI-LID Research Group for Sound Water Cycle City Seoul Metropolitan, Pusan National University, LH, KICT Objectives: technical collaboration for improvement of political capabilities such public business, technical development and researches Expectation effects: mutual cooperation of technical support and review and education, etc. effort for paradigm shift to Green Infrastructure reflecting LID concept social contribution such domestic and international conferences and extension of accomplishment 18
4 Researches Research for identification of facilities efficiency Blue roof decrease of peak flow of rainfall outflow economical efficiency system need post-storage facilities for more effectiveness Green blue roof effective storage of rainfall in soil layer and storage space decrease of surface temperature as 10 19
4 Researches Research for identification of facilities efficiency Permeable pavement decrease of peak flow of surface runoff improvement of permeable rate Infiltration storage facility efficient storage and infiltration function decrease of peak flow of rainfall runoff effective to groundwater recharge 20
4 Researches Research for integrated valuation method for LID facilities Framework for value evaluation of Cost and Benefit for Green infrastructure TBL (Triple Bottom Line) : Economical/Environmental/Social valuation Example: application of TBL to Green blue roof 21
5 Citizen participation and Public education Citizen committee for Water Cycle Objectives: strengthen of citizen collaboration for Sound Water Cycle City through extended participation of citizens, government officers and specialists Divisions: rainwater management, water reuse, groundwater and soil affairs open regular committee and division committee 22
5 Citizen participation and Public education Water reuse EXPO and exhibit contest Objectives: public relation of water cycle system for Sound Water Cycle City formation of citizens consensus for base of safe water cycle city various exhibit contests to attract citizens participation collaboration with Society of rain masters, SH public cooperation and LH public cooperation Lovely rain exhibit contest : 6 video clips and 1 webtoon were awarded Publication of a white book on Objectives: public relation of history for political process concerning water cycle recovery and water environment improvement roles of references for post governmental politics and plans 23
4 Future Perspectives 24
5 Future perspectives Healthy Urban Water Cycle with LID Concept:Sustainable Urban Design Multifunctional Green Infrastructure : Green Stormwater Infrastructure Source & Volume Control:Urban Water Cycle for Monsoon Cooperation & Collaboration : Smart Environment Sustainable Aqua City (Smart Green Infrastructure) Green Stormwater Infrastructure Volume Control Multifunction Energy Water Ecology Smart Ecological-Economical Efficiency Water-Energy Nexus Functioning Decentralizing Networking Intelligence Urbanization Climate Change 25
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