Canadian Dairy Commission Dairy Farmers of Ontario

Annual Report 2016 A Co-operative Project of: Canadian Dairy Commission Dairy Farmers of Ontario Released June 2017

-2- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is indebted to the 65 dairy producers who willingly participated in the Project during 2016. These people went to considerable effort and inconvenience to help the Project representatives collect and verify information. Without this excellent co-operation, this report would not be possible. The Project representatives, whose job it was to collect, record, and verify all information, were vital to the Project. Their initiative, perseverance and positive attitude has provided the Project with high quality dairy farm data.

Table of Contents Page Foreword 5 PROJECT RESULTS 7-3- List of Tables Table 1 FARM REVENUE AND EXPENSES; 2016. 8 Table 2 FARM BALANCE SHEET; DECEMBER 31, 2016. 9 Table 3 BASIC FARM PRODUCTION PARAMETERS; 2016. 10 Table 4 DAIRY ENTERPRISE REVENUE AND EXPENSES; 2016, PER COW. 11 Table 5 DAIRY ENTERPRISE REVENUE AND EXPENSES; 2016, PER HL OF MILK SOLD. 12 List of Appendix and Appendix Tables APPENDIX A FARM REVENUE, EXPENSES, NET INCOME AND SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS; 2007 to 2016. 13 Table A.1 FARM REVENUE, EXPENSES AND NET INCOME; 2007 TO 2016. 13 Table A.2 SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS; 2007 TO 2016. 13 APPENDIX B SAMPLE DESIGN AND CHARACTERISTICS 15 B.1 Project Methodology 15 B.2 Sample Selection 15 B.3 Enrolment Procedure 17 B.4 Labour Data Collection 17 Table B.1 SAMPLE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE; 2016. 16 APPENDIX C ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES 18 C.1 Account Structure 18 C.2 On-Farm Recording 18 C.3 Valuation of Fixed Assets 19 C.4 Valuation of Livestock 19 C.5 Valuation of Crops 19 C.6 Allocation of Expenses 20 C.7 Allocation of Home-grown Feed 22

Table C.1 LIVESTOCK INVENTORY VALUES; 2016. 19-4- Table C.2 CROP INVENTORY AND TRANSFER VALUES ON A PER TONNE BASIS; 2016. 20 Listing Of Graphs Graph A.1 AVERAGE REVENUE, EXPENSES AND NET INCOME; 2007 to 2016. 14

-5- FOREWORD The Ontario Dairy Farm Accounting Project (ODFAP) is a co-operative project of Dairy Farmers of Ontario, and the Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC). The Project was initiated in 1976. The objective of the Project is to develop and maintain a system of obtaining regular, representative and consistent farm production and management data which meets the farm database requirements of the Ontario dairy industry in the three areas of policy, research and extension. This is being achieved (1) by maintaining a sample of farms which represents typical Ontario dairy farm situations and which reflects different levels of technology, regional differences and other significant factors and, (2) through the development and maintenance of a data collection and information reporting system which will provide the participating agencies with the information which they require. The ODFAP Annual Report is just one aspect of this Project. The Annual Report provides a summary of the information collected, but, by no means, portrays the wealth of information available for policy, research and extension uses. The project data, along with similar data from other provinces, is incorporated into the National Cost of Production formula, which is managed by the Canadian Dairy Commission. Likewise, project data is incorporated in the cost of production component of the National Pricing Formula for fluid and industrial milk classes. Cost of production has a 50% weighting in the formula, while the other 50% is from the change in Consumer Price Index (CPI).

PROJECT STAFF Project Staff, responsible for collecting and verifying the study information for 2016 were: -6- Barbara Ryan Katrina Benke Andrew Ryzebol/John Eccelstone Jim Hanmore Technician, Western Region Technicians, East Region South-West and Niagara Regions Technician, Central Region Project Manager, ODFAP Individuals responsible for the final editing of the 2016 data and for the preparation of this report, include: Kristin Benke Jim Hanmore Economist, Dairy Farmers of Ontario Project Manager, ODFAP

ONTARIO DAIRY FARM ACCOUNTING PROJECT RESULTS 2016 The 2016 results for the 65 farms on the project are presented in the following tables. Farm revenue and expenses are summarized in Table 1. Balance sheet information is summarized in Table 2. Physical characteristics are summarized in Table 3. -7- It should be noted that livestock and crop inventories are valued at an average of market values or prices at the beginning and end of the year for purposes of accruing the revenue value of inventory changes in the Farm Revenue and Expense Statement in Table 1. As such, the reported revenue items for inventory changes only reflect income changes associated with changes in the quantities of the related inventories held. They do not capture any change in value associated with market price changes during the year. Revenue and expense information for the dairy enterprise is broken out in Tables 4 and 5. For purposes of these tables, the dairy enterprise is defined to consist of dairy cows, the raising of replacements and/or any related livestock borne of the dairy cow herd, and the supporting crop production associated with both. Averages are presented in each table for all farms and for 3 sample groupings ranked on the basis of cost of production (COP): the 15 farms with the highest cost (bottom); the 15 farms with the lowest cost (top), and the remaining 35 farms (middle). The COP ranking is based on the assumptions and calculational procedures established for the national Cost of Production pricing formula for industrial milk.

-8- Table 1 FARM REVENUE AND EXPENSES; 2016. NUMBER OF FARMS Bottom 15 Middle 35 Top 15 All 65 REVENUE $ $ $ $ Milk Sales 326,328 597,173 802,954 582,158 Cow & Bull Sales 19,301 30,728 49,884 32,512 Calf & Heifer Sales 6,627 10,281 17,571 11,120 Crop Sales 14,006 64,414 35,854 46,191 Other Farm Income 22,948 71,423 45,736 54,309 Total Cash Revenue 389,210 774,019 951,999 726,290 Inventory Change Dairy Enterprise 2,227 7,754 6,857 6,272 Replacement Enterprise -4,819 2,588 4,549 1,331 Other Livestock 0-464 467-142 Feeds, Crops, Supplies -14,941-10,264 4,672-7,896 Total Farm Revenue 371,677 773,633 968,544 725,855 EXPENSES Dairy Cow Enterprise Cow & Bull Purchases 4,522 3,845 2,678 3,732 Commercial Feed Purchases 59,116 96,259 122,993 93,857 Milk & Livestock Marketing 21,297 39,111 55,300 38,736 Breeding Fees 4,635 6,067 7,300 6,021 Stable & Milkhouse Supplies 8,558 14,278 15,542 13,250 Vet. and Drugs 10,144 15,921 17,080 14,855 Other Dairy Expenses 1 12,958 24,064 19,144 20,366 Replacement Enterprise Cattle Purchases 390 1,212 24 748 Feed Purchases 10,697 14,607 15,280 13,860 Other Direct Heifer Expenses 2,695 6,022 6,518 5,369 Crop Enterprise Grains and Forages Purchases 5,056 33,434 19,191 23,598 Seed 11,777 16,809 16,179 15,502 Fertilizer 11,071 21,959 26,407 20,473 Sprays 4,633 9,149 8,070 7,858 Custom Work 13,009 32,089 19,367 24,750 Gas & Diesel Fuel 12,692 17,088 18,528 16,406 Machinery Repairs 24,338 32,369 38,136 31,847 Other Crop Expenses 2 1,629 3,985 1,976 2,978 Other Farm Expenses Direct Expenses Non-Dairy Livestock 3 644 154 263 292 Direct Expenses Other Crops 3,983 23,443 14,339 16,852 Wages & Salaries 38,044 63,538 80,815 61,642 Land Rent 3,324 8,640 6,883 7,008 Interest Paid 20,634 51,910 78,646 50,862 Real Estate Taxes 5,717 10,646 10,590 9,496 Telephone & Hydro 15,822 20,755 28,573 21,421 Insurance 8,221 11,823 12,432 11,132 Equipment & Building Repairs 21,342 23,771 26,689 23,884 Other General Cash Expenses 4 6,704 13,833 11,045 11,544 Total Cash Expenses 343,652 616,781 679,988 568,339 Building Depreciation 13,679 26,273 34,794 25,333 Machinery Depreciation 19,517 43,469 61,356 42,069 Total Farm Expenses 376,848 686,523 776,138 635,741 Net Farm Income -5,171 87,110 192,406 90,114 1 Other Dairy Expenses include registration/testing fees, building rent, straw & bedding, & livestock insurance for the dairy herd. 2 Other Crop Expenses include crop insurance, seed cleaning, twine, propane for corn drying & misc. crop expenses. 3 Since rebates are recorded as negative expenses, the direct expense for non-dairy livestock enterprises may be negative for farms which have no such livestock. 4 Other General Cash Expenses include car expenses and miscellaneous farm expenses.

-9- Table 2 FARM BALANCE SHEET; DECEMBER 31, 2016. NUMBER OF FARMS Bottom 15 Middle 35 Top 15 All 65 A. WITH ASSETS AT MARKET VALUE $ $ $ $ Machinery and Equipment 350,206 648,556 836,704 623,125 Personal Equipment 2,530 2,907 10,933 4,672 Land and Farm Buildings 2,324,947 3,771,366 3,957,232 3,480,469 Farm House & Personal Structures 40,000 236,810 428,302 235,583 Dairy Cows 77,687 154,133 211,353 149,696 Dairy Heifers 32,734 76,108 113,254 74,671 Other Livestock 3,107 1,950 1,953 2,218 Feed, Crops, Supplies, Inventory 49,746 130,482 143,228 114,792 Milk Quota 1,192,720 2,260,306 3,073,088 2,201,505 Total Assets 4,073,677 7,2822,618 8,776,047 6,886,731 B. WITH FIXED ASSETS AT COST LESS DEPRECIATION 1 Machinery and Equipment 200,258 403,875 543,433 389,092 Personal Equipment 3,017 4,364 27,686 9,435 Land and Farm Buildings 626,222 1,392,523 2,271,643 1,418,558 Farm House & Personal Structures 0 121,282 175,498 105,805 Dairy Cows 77,687 154,133 211,353 149,696 Dairy Heifers 32,734 76,108 113,254 74,671 Other Livestock 3,107 1,950 1,953 2,218 Feed, Crops, Supplies, Inventory 49,746 130,482 143,228 114,792 Milk Quota 300,873 823,393 1,355,488 825,603 Total Assets 1,293,644 3,108,110 4,843,536 3,089,870 C. LIABILITIES Operating & Short-Term Trade Credit 64,341 109,372 30,250 80,721 Intermediate & Long Term Loans 597,338 1,126,366 1,446,854 1,078,242 F.C.C. Loans 72,398 690,903 1,643,919 768,098 Total Liabilities 734,077 1,926,641 3,121,023 1,927,061 D. OWNER S EQUITY (A) Assets At Market Value 3,339,600 5,355,977 5,655,024 4,959,670 (B) Fixed Assets at Cost Less Depreciation 559,567 1,181,469 1,722,513 1,162,809 1 Depreciation was not subtracted from the cost of the farm house, land, milk quota, or personal equipment.

-10- Table 3 BASIC FARM PRODUCTION PARAMETERS; 2016. NUMBER OF FARMS Bottom 15 Middle 35 Top 15 All 65 Dairy Cows (hd) 48.2 84.7 112.5 82.7 Open Dairy Heifers, 6 months & older (hd) 14.7 27.0 39.3 27.0 Bred Dairy Heifers (hd) 14.8 28.3 40.9 28.1 Milk Sold/Farm (litres) 1 413,417 782,396 1,093,815 769,113 Milk Sold/Cow (litres) 1 7,415 9,175 9,699 8,890 Butterfat Test (kg/hl) 4.00 4.11 3.98 4.05 Person-Equivalents of Labour 2.0 2.6 2.2 2.4 Workable Land Farmed (hectares) 2 87 151 145 135 Average Age of Principal Operator 56.3 51.2 50.3 52.2 1 Milk is expressed in terms of milk actually sold. 2 One hectare = 2.47 acres.

Table 4-11- DAIRY ENTERPRISE REVENUE AND EXPENSES; 2016. - PER COW - NUMBER OF FARMS Bottom 15 Middle 35 Top 15 All 65 REVENUE $ $ $ $ Milk Sales 5,641.76 6,958.08 7,218.17 6,714.33 Quality Penalties & Levies -1.60-2.34-4.79-2.47 Cows & Bulls Sold 392.28 370.90 480.06 401.02 Other Dairy Livestock Sold 166.00 138.93 144.16 146.38 Dairy Livestock Inventory Change 3.79 112.37 52.22 73.43 Net Revenue 6,202.23 7,577.94 7,889.82 7,332.42 DIRECT DAIRY EXPENSE Dairy Ration 421.27 458.69 356.02 426.36 Protein Supplements 431.27 588.81 718.02 582.27 Salt & Minerals 101.05 66.36 59.13 72.70 Milk Replacer & Calf Ration 102.26 117.41 83.41 106.07 Other Purchased Feeds 2.09 59.13 58.15 45.74 Vet & Drugs 221.31 234.15 194.66 222.08 A.I. Fees 95.56 81.91 83.66 85.47 Stable & Milk House Supplies 172.58 183.13 156.20 174.48 Milk Transport & Licence Fees 363.28 440.18 467.65 428.77 Livestock Marketing 24.20 20.40 18.86 20.92 Other Dairy Expense 1 180.18 238.69 169.42 209.20 Total Direct Expense 2,115.05 2,488.86 2,365.18 2,374.06 DAIRY SHARE OF CROP EXPENSES Bulk Grain & Forage Purchases 97.66 247.49 183.19 198.08 Seed 155.05 138.83 116.08 137.32 Fertilizers 170.12 155.08 171.90 162.43 Herbicides & Pesticides 50.90 63.15 52.99 57.98 Custom Work 135.29 276.98 162.43 217.85 Fuel & Lubricants 202.21 135.47 131.83 150.03 Field Machinery Repairs 363.52 228.38 220.56 257.76 Land Rent 63.47 53.51 40.18 52.73 Other Crop Expense 2 43.72 44.73 24.08 39.73 Total Crop Expense 1,281.94 1,343.62 1,103.24 1,273.91 Returns Over Direct & Crop Expenses 2,805.24 3,745.46 4,421.40 3,684.45 ALLOCATED INDIRECT & OVERHEAD EXPENSES Barn Equipment & Building Repairs 288.81 227.15 171.73 228.59 Hired Labour Expenses 524.87 609.19 766.90 626.12 Interest Expense 321.41 521.29 558.02 483.64 Insurance 113.10 102.75 84.65 101.96 Hydro & Telephone 225.51 203.68 219.74 212.42 Taxes 89.24 92.98 73.74 87.67 Other Overhead Expenses 3 101.04 130.74 83.65 113.02 Total Indirect & Overhead Expenses 1,663.98 1,887.78 1,958.43 1,852.42 Returns Over Expenses 1,141.26 1,857.68 2,462.97 1,832.03 DAIRY LIVESTOCK PURCHASES Cows & Bulls Purchased 67.59 67.40 33.50 59.62 Other Dairy Livestock Purchases 7.47 16.49 0.06 10.62 Total Dairy Livestock Purchases 75.06 83.89 33.56 70.24 Net Returns 1,066.20 1773.79 2429.41 1,761.97 TOTAL LABOUR REQUIRED (Hrs) 4 135.57 97.26 66.51 99.00 1 Other Dairy Expense includes bedding materials, feed processing expense, livestock testing and registration, livestock insurance, livestock promotion expense and building rent. 2 Other Crop Expense includes twine, seed cleaning, crop insurance and machine rentals. 3 Other Overhead Expense includes hardware, car expenses and miscellaneous expense. 4 Labour estimated based on the recorded hours from daily time sheets (see section B.4).

Table 5-12- DAIRY ENTERPRISE REVENUE AND EXPENSES; 2016. - PER HL OF MILK SOLD - NUMBER OF FARMS Bottom 15 Middle 35 Top 15 All 65 REVENUE $ $ $ $ Milk Sales 75.26 76.64 74.47 75.82 Quality Penalties & Levies -0.02-0.03-0.05-0.03 Cows & Bulls Sold 5.25 4.04 4.97 4.53 Other Dairy Livestock Sold 2.64 1.47 1.47 1.74 Dairy Livestock Inventory Change 0.01 1.40 0.55 0.88 Net Revenue 83.14 83.52 81.41 82.94 DIRECT DAIRY EXPENSES Dairy Ration 6.20 4.93 3.85 4.98 Protein Supplements 5.12 6.24 7.12 6.18 Salt & Minerals 1.35 0.76 0.59 0.86 Milk Replacer & Calf Ration 1.32 1.27 0.86 1.19 Other Purchased Feeds 0.03 0.64 0.57 0.48 Vet & Drugs 2.96 2.51 1.99 2.49 A.I. Fees 1.24 0.90 0.87 0.97 Stable & Milk House Supplies 2.37 2.00 1.66 2.01 Milk Transport & Licence Fees 4.99 4.80 4.82 4.85 Livestock Marketing 0.36 0.23 0.20 0.25 Other Dairy Expense 1 2.48 2.62 1.78 2.40 Total Direct Expense 28.42 26.90 24.31 26.66 DAIRY SHARE OF CROP EXPENSES Bulk Grain & Forage Purchases 1.37 2.75 1.89 2.23 Seed 1.97 1.58 1.20 1.58 Fertilizers 2.21 1.72 1.80 1.85 Herbicides & Pesticides 0.61 0.69 0.54 0.64 Custom Work 1.64 3.08 1.69 2.43 Fuel & Lubricants 2.77 1.51 1.38 1.77 Field Machinery Repairs 4.83 2.68 2.34 3.10 Land Rent 0.93 0.56 0.42 0.61 Other Crop Expense 2 0.65 0.50 0.24 0.48 Total Crop Expense 16.98 15.07 11.50 14.69 Returns Over Direct & Crop Expenses 37.74 41.55 45.60 41.59 ALLOCATED INDIRECT & OVERHEAD EXPENSES Barn Equipment & Building Repairs 4.29 2.59 1.79 2.80 Hired Labour Expenses 6.30 6.82 8.08 6.99 Interest Expense 4.23 5.91 5.88 5.52 Insurance 1.47 1.14 0.88 1.15 Telephone & Hydro 3.10 2.27 2.28 2.47 Taxes 1.24 1.03 0.76 1.02 Other Overhead Expenses 3 1.34 1.41 0.85 1.26 Total Indirect & Overhead Expenses 21.97 21.17 20.52 21.21 Returns Over Expenses 15.77 20.38 25.80 20.38 DAIRY LIVESTOCK PURCHASES Cows & Bulls Purchased 0.92 0.75 0.39 0.71 Other Dairy Livestock Purchases 0.10 0.18 0.00 0.12 Total Dairy Livestock Purchases 1.02 0.93 0.39 0.83 Net Returns 14.75 19.45 24.69 19.55 TOTAL LABOUR REQUIRED (Hrs) 4 2.07 1.07 0.68 1.21 1 Other Dairy Expense includes bedding materials, feed processing, expense, livestock testing and registration, livestock insurance, livestock promotion expense and building rent. 2 Other Crop Expense includes twine, seed cleaning, crop insurance and machine rentals. 3 Other Overhead Expense includes hardware, car expenses and miscellaneous expense. 4 Labour estimated based on the recorded hours from daily time sheets (see section B.4)

-13- APPENDIX A Table A.1 FARM REVENUE, EXPENSES AND NET INCOME; 2007 to 2016. Year 2007 Number of Farms 84 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 73 73 65 61 56 58 65 71 65 REVENUE $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Milk Sales 480,154 455,880 475,906 474,444 580,364 601,449 596,407 589,229 612,963 582,158 Livestock Sales 16,728 25,415 16,840 21,620 29,459 34,995 37,761 49,754 60,371 43,632 Crop Sales 31,224 27,485 25,262 33,060 47,786 66,242 43,486 38,297 49,702 46,191 Other Farm Income 39,167 30,728 33,143 38,376 34,262 51,706 55,818 49,868 46,307 54,309 Total Cash Revenue 567,273 539,508 551,151 567,500 691,871 754,392 733,472 727,148 769,343 726,290 Inventory Change All Enterprises -3,254 14,807 5,346 5,547 8,545-8,039 6,240-2,579 8,515-435 Total Farm Revenue 564,019 554,315 556,497 573,047 700,416 746,353 739,712 724,569 777,858 725,855 EXPENSES Dairy Cow Enterprise 254,484 125,140 130,483 122,646 155,543 168,304 172,835 173,764 194,336 190,817 Replacement Enterprise 11,355 14,076 12,045 12,096 16,865 18,490 17,455 18,226 21,060 19,977 Crops Enterprises 89,089 93,488 87,309 89,037 105,854 122,888 128,404 119,687 138,877 143,412 Other Farm Expenses 183,982 165,724 161,563 158,122 193,272 200,196 207,753 208,835 227,223 214,133 Total Cash Expenses 407,664 398,428 391,400 381,901 471,534 509,878 526,447 520,512 581,496 568,339 Building & Machinery Depreciation 36,710 Total Farm Expenses 444,374 38,027 38,325 40,823 51,270 57,874 58,371 57,150 63,483 67,402 436,455 429,725 422,724 522,804 567,752 584,818 577,662 644,979 635,741 NET FARM INCOME 119,645 117,860 126,772 150,323 177,612 178,601 154,894 146,907 132,879 90,114 Table A.2 Sample Characteristics; 2007 TO 2016. Data Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Number of Farms 84 73 73 65 61 56 58 65 71 65 Herd Size (head) 77.4 74.6 75.5 75.5 86.2 88.7 85.3 80.7 85.6 82.7 Milk Sales (litres) 659,597 616,427 633,715 619,236 720,343 759,686 742,230 714,021 784,547 769,113 Milk Sales Per Cow (litres) 8,252 7,971 8,054 7,853 7,937 7,893 8,152 8,356 8,583 8,890 Tillable Hectares 140 115 122 130 142 152 151 140 151 135 Total Person Equivalents 2.30 2.30 2.25 2.22 2.40 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 Age of Principal Operator 47.0 47.4 49.5 49.5 50.6 53.3 52.3 51.7 51.9 52.2

-14- Graph A.1 900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Average Revenue, Expenses And Net FARM Income; 2007 to 2016. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Revenue Expenses Net Farm Income Dollars

APPENDIX B SAMPLE DESIGN AND CHARACTERISTICS B.1 Project Methodology To provide uniformity of data collection, Project representatives are assigned to do on-farm recording of financial transactions. Farms are visited, on average, three to four times a year, to record financial transactions and collect relevant production information. Various techniques are used to solicit data due to the many differences in farm types and the level of organization. B.2 Sample Selection -15- The project sample is based on a regionally stratified random sample of farms. The sample was selected from the files of Dairy Farmers of Ontario (DFO). The 2016 sample is composed of five sub-samples of dairy farms. The first sub-sample consists of 13 farms which was recruited in late 2011 and enrolled in the Project for 2012. The second sub-sample consists of 20 farms recruited in late 2012 for enrolment in 2013. The third subsample of 10 farms was recruited in late 2013 for enrolment in 2014. The fourth sub-sample of 11 farms was recruited in late 2014 for enrolment in 2015. The fifth and final sub-sample of 11 farms was recruited in late 2015 for enrolment in 2016. All five sub-samples were randomly selected on the basis of region. That is, the number of farms selected within a region for each sub-sample reflected the proportion of the farms present in the population for that region at the time the sub-sample was drawn. In 2013 the original 6 regions were replaced by 14 new regions, matching the DFO Field Supervisor Representative zones, allowing for a more streamlined recruiting process. The counties 1 included in each region of the sampling grid area are: Region 1 Glengarry, Prescott Region 2 Russell, Stormont, Dundas, Carleton Region 3 Grenville, Leeds, Carleton, Dundas Region 4 Lennox & Addington, Frontenac, Lanark, Renfrew, Carleton Region 5 Hastings, Northumberland, Peterborough, Prince Edward Region 6 York, Peel, Durham, Simcoe, City of Kawartha Lakes Region 7 Brant, Haldimand, Niagara, Norfolk, Halton, Waterloo, Wentworth, Oxford, Wellington Region 8 Oxford Region 9 Middlesex, Elgin, Lambton, Essex-Kent Region 10 Perth, Huron Region 11 Perth, Wellington Region 12 Waterloo, Wellington Region 13 Bruce, Huron Region 14 Dufferin, Grey, Wellington 1 Counties are as they were defined prior to amalgamation under regional government.

-16- The sample is based on a five year rotation. Each year the new sample is based on the existing population within each of 14 regions. Any producer that had participated in the project within the past 3 years was excluded from the sample selection process. The sample composition and structure for the 65 farms on which this report is based are summarized in Table B.1. Table B.1 SAMPLE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE; 2016. Participation by Year of Initial Enrolment REGION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 5 2 0 1 1 9 3 2 1 0 0 1 4 4 2 1 0 1 1 5 5 2 0 2 0 1 5 6 2 2 0 1 0 5 7 0 5 1 1 0 7 8 0 1 3 2 2 8 9 0 0 2 0 0 2 10 0 1 0 1 0 2 11 0 4 2 2 2 10 12 0 1 0 0 0 1 13 0 2 0 1 1 4 14 0 0 0 0 2 2 Total 13 20 10 11 11 65

B.3 Enrolment Procedure -17- Farms selected for enrolment were initially contacted and recruited by a DFO Field Services Representative. A serious attempt was made to handle all contacts in the same manner and to give essentially the same message in all cases. In discussions with the farmers, and in seeking their co-operation, it was emphasized that the confidentiality of individual records would be respected, that there were benefits to the industry and to the individual and that we were seeking their co-operation. It was also stressed that the data collection visits would occur at the convenience of the producer. B.4 Labour Data Collection Labour data for the project is collected using daily time sheets. Producers are asked to complete the time sheets for their first year on the project. Sheets are completed for all individuals contributing labour to the farm. Completion of the time sheets in the second and subsequent years on the project is encouraged, but not mandatory, unless changes have occurred which would significantly alter the labour requirements for the operation. Employees please fill-in the section below: Name: Month: Year Born: WORK IN THE BARN DAIRY COWS AND BULLS Herd management, milking equipment maintenance, milking, feeding, health care, etc. DAIRY REPLACEMENTS Feeding, health care, management, etc. OTHER LIVESTOCK: BEEF, SWINE ETC. Feeding, health care, management, etc. Indicate type of livestock: COMMON LIVESTOCK WORK Main dairy barn, stable maintenance & cleaning, preparing rations, silo unloader, building repair. FARM # YEAR MONTH YEAR BORN PAY STAT EFFICIENCY EMPLOYEE NAME 100 14 15 20 21 26 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 28 29 30 31 Total Hours OTHER FIELD WORK MAINTENANCE & REPAIRS FIELD MACHINERY Maintenance and repairing of fi eld machinery. OTHER BUILDINGS Maintenance and repairing of other farm buildings other than main dairy barn. BARNYARD AND FENCES Maintenance and repairing of barnyard and farm fences. LAND Stone picking, farm lanes, snow removal, ponds. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Bookkeeping, meetings, errands, professional reading, agricultural courses, banking. HAY AND HAYLAGE Plowing, tillage, fertilizing, spraying, planting, spreading manure, harvesting, etc. SMALL GRAINS, WINTER WHEAT, STRAW Plowing, tillage, fertilizing, spraying, planting, spreading manure, harvesting, etc. CORN GRAIN AND CORN SILAGE Plowing, tillage, fertilizing, spraying, planting, spreading manure, harvesting, etc. SOYBEANS, OTHER CROPS, MAPLE SYRUP Plowing, tillage, fertilizing, spraying, planting, spreading manure, harvesting, etc. crop: CONSTRUCTION, LAND CLEARING Building construction, tree removal, etc. CUSTOM HIRE FOR OTHERS Farm related work performed for others but not part of your own farming operation. PLEASE DO NOT WRITE IN SHADED AREAS

C.1 Account Structure APPENDIX C ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES A computerized accounting program is used as the data collection vehicle for the Project. The computer program permits separating information into enterprises or profit centres and accounts or cost centres. Six basic enterprises are being registered: (i) general farm (ii) dairy herd (iii) replacement (iv) small grain (v) corn/corn silage (vi) hay/haylage/pasture The general farm account includes any other crop or type of livestock. Specialized enterprises are not registered. One overhead cost account is registered. The number of farms which had other livestock or crops activity in the general farm account in 2016 is as follows: (i) Beef 5 (ii) Swine 0 (iii) Poultry 2 (iv) Sheep 1 (v) Other Crops 35-18- C.2 On-Farm Recording Project representatives work within very specific guidelines in order to get as much uniformity as possible. As a general rule, the recording methods required for filing tax returns are used. All income and expense items are recorded on an accrual basis. A complete list of items recorded and the recording procedure can be obtained from the Project Manager.

C.3 Valuation of Fixed Assets -19- All fixed assets (land, buildings, houses, machinery, and intangibles) are recorded at both original cost and estimated current market value. Depreciation is recorded using a diminishing balance rate: 5% for buildings and structures, 10% for farm machinery and 15% motorized equipment and machinery. The assumption is made that the equipment will reach its salvage value when it is worth 20 per cent of its original cost. C.4 Valuation of Livestock Dairy livestock is valued according to three different quality categories. Beginning and ending inventory values, used for 2016, are as indicated in Table C.1. Table C.1 LIVESTOCK INVENTORY VALUES; 2016. 5,000 or Below 5,001-7,750 Over 7,750 Description Litres/Cow/Year Litres/Cow/Year Litres/Cow/Year Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Beginning Ending ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) Cows 800 800 1300 1300 1850 1850 Bred Heifers 750 750 1000 1000 1600 1600 Open Heifers 500 500 750 750 1000 1000 Heifer Calves 100 100 150 150 250 250 Bull Calves 120 120 120 120 120 120 Note: Information in the table is based on current auction market value as collected by Project representatives. Beef, swine and poultry were valued at current market value. C.5 Valuation of Crops Grain values are based on estimates obtained from Agricorp 2016 AgriStability Fair Market Values list. Forage values are based on the equivalent feed value of grain corn. Values for 2016 are as indicated in Table C.2.

-20- Table C.2 CROP INVENTORY AND TRANSFER VALUES; 2016. - Per Tonne Basis - Inventory Valuation Transfer Values used for Beginning Ending Value $ $ $ Home-grown Feed: Wheat (Feed) 219.00 172.00 195.50 Oats 246.00 213.00 229.50 Barley 165.00 183.00 174.00 Mixed Grain 156.00 163.00 159.50 Grain Corn 181.00 174.00 177.50 Hay 155.00 171.00 163.00 Corn Silage 36.00 38.00 37.00 Haylage @ 45% DM 80.00 90.00 85.00 Straw 159.00 135.00 147.00 Oatlage/Barlage 45.00 50.00 47.50 C.6 Allocation of Expenses Direct expense items, such as seed and fertilizer, pose no problem with respect to allocation as their use is generally confined to a single farm enterprise. Indirect and overhead expenses are more difficult to allocate as they are normally used in more than one enterprise. These expenses are allocated on the basis of the following guidelines. (a) Building Depreciation Allocated to livestock enterprises according to the building space used. If the buildings used for certain types of enterprises are obviously depreciating at a higher rate than others, the allocation is accordingly adjusted. (b) Machinery Depreciation Allocated according to use as defined on the basis of the classification of individual machinery and equipment items. (c) Heating Fuels Normally all personal use unless auxiliary heating is required for certain livestock enterprises (e.g. broilers).

(d) Barn Equipment Repair Normally about 80 per cent to the cows, 20 per cent to heifers (milking equipment milk tank, stable cleaners, etc. are used mainly for the dairy enterprise). If other livestock enterprises are on the farm, costs are allocated according to use. (e) Building Repair (building repair, fence repair, hardware) Normally about 80 per cent cows, 20 per cent heifers if housed in the same type of facilities. (f) Gas, Diesel (gas, diesel, oil, grease) Allocated to crops on the basis of hectares or use. Gasoline for personal use is being recorded directly, and not allocated. (g) Field Machinery (equipment repair) Allocated according to hectares or use. (h) Machinery Miscellaneous Expenses (hardware, tools, machine insurance, licence, rent) Allocated according to hectares or use. (i) House Repairs and Maintenance Almost always 100 per cent personal. (j) Labour (wages, EI, CPP, WSIB, EHT) According to use. (k) Interest (interest, life insurance premium) Allocation of short term interest is based on the percentage that the direct expense for each enterprise represents of the total direct expense for the farm. Intermediate and long term interest including life insurance premium is allocated 50 per cent to the livestock enterprises based on the percentage overhead allocated, and 50 per cent to crops according to hectares. (l) Farm Insurance (fire, liability, accident) Allocated to livestock. (m) Car (car insurance, maintenance) Normally 70 per cent personal, 15 per cent livestock, 15 per cent crops. (n) Hydro Normally, if highly mechanized, 30 per cent personal, 70 per cent livestock. If low mechanization, 50 per cent personal, 50 per cent livestock. (o) Water Allocated to livestock. -21-

-22- (p) Telephone Normally 50 per cent personal, 25 per cent livestock, 25 per cent crops. (q) Real Estate Taxes Approximately half land, half buildings, allocated 10 per cent to personal use for the house, pro-rated 40 per cent to livestock according to animal units, 50 per cent to crops according to hectares of each crop. (r) Other Overhead Expenses (Fees, accounting, legal, office supplies, advertising, etc.) Fifty per cent livestock, 50 per cent crops. C.7 Allocation of Home-grown Feed All home-grown feed is allocated to the various livestock enterprises based on information supplied by the farmer. In order to check for accuracy, an edit is carried out at the end of the year. This involves checking the estimated feed consumption (Beginning Inventory + Production + Purchases - Sales - Ending Inventory ) for each farm to make sure that it is in line with accepted industry benchmarks for feed consumption. If feed consumption is not close to the benchmarks, the crop yields and other related information are double-checked to clarify the discrepancy.