Future Gen An Interested Party s Perspective Gasification Technologies 2003 San Francisco, California October 12-15, 2003 Authors: Ray Drnevich Chuck McConnell Praxair, Inc. Copyright 2003 Praxair Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
2 Future Gen... Program Goals! Design, Construct and Operate an ~275 MW plant that produces electricity and H 2 with near zero emissions.! Sequester at least 90% of the CO 2 with potential for 100%! Prove the effectiveness, safety, and performance of CO 2 sequestration.! Establish standardized technologies and protocols for CO 2 measuring, monitoring, and verification! Validate the engineering, economic, and environmental viability of the technologies Long Term Commercial Viability
3 Future Gen Request for Information! Notice 21 April 2003 for Proactive Feedback from Consortia Candidates and Interested Parties! Consortium! Coal owners & producers! Coal-fueled electric power generators! Interested Parties! Technology/equipment suppliers! State government regulators! Environmental Community! Others! Global acceptance of coal (gasification) based power generation with sequestration
4 The Issues. Electric Power Economics? Siting? Capital Cost? O&M Costs? Startup to Full Capacity Timeline? Reliability? System availability? Coal Cost? Thermal Efficiency? Sequestration Costs? Environmental? CO2 Sequestration? NOx? Sulfur? Mercury? Solids? Hydrogen for Transportation? Hydrogen Costs? Hydrogen Delivery? Hydrogen storage? Hydrogen Dispensing? Operations? Integrated facilities? Part Load Operation? Load Following? Sequestration? Maintenance? Maintenance Costs? Maintenance Schedule? Major Turnarounds? Cutting edge technologies in the Initial plant? Gasification? Air separation? Acid gas removal? Gas Turbines? Steam Turbines? CO 2 Capture Mercury Removal? Hydrogen Separation? Research Facility? Gasification? Separations? Conversions? Byproducts? Environmental? Sequestration? Others?
5!Which are critical? Sorting the Issues!How should they be addressed?!commercialization - long term and near term?
6! IGCC Plant Commercial Viability limited by:! High Capital Costs! Timeline from startup to full capacity! Plant availability in early operating years! Need for Baseload Power Capacity! Future Gen focus:! The Prototype - A Power Generation System with CO 2 Sequestration and potential for near term commercial viability! A venue for testing and demonstrating advanced technologies
7 Critical Considerations for The Prototype! Plant Location - Siting! Technology Selection and Integration! Hydrogen Production! Gasification! Oxygen Production! Power Generation! Acid Gas Removal - CO 2 Recovery & Sequestration
8 Plant Location - Siting*! Minimize Infrastructure Costs! Access to Representative Sequestration Geology! Access to Hydrogen Consumers! Flexibility for testing/demonstrating advanced technologies * One of the most critical Issues
9 Hydrogen Technology (Selection and Integration)! 90% CO 2 Sequestration Requires H 2 Production! Hydrogen is produced from water! Crude Hydrogen and High Purity Hydrogen Products! Power Generation! Fuel Cells! Refineries! Traditional Syngas Conversion Technologies are Cost Effective! Advanced Technologies need further testing! Integrated membrane shift reactors
10 Gasification Technology (Selection and Integration)! Hydrogen Production Efficiency is Key! Elevated Pressure Gasification has potential for lower the Cost CO 2 Recovery & Compression! Vitrified slag is critical environmentally! Conventional Technology Good Fit for Hydrogen! Entrained Flow - Oxygen Blown! Advanced Technologies need further development! Transport - Oxygen Blown! Others?
11! Purity 85% to 98% Oxygen Production Technology (Selection and Integration)! Gas Turbine Integration! Technology of Choice! cryogenic! Oxygen Plant Size! Depends on siting! Advanced Technology! Oxygen Transport Membrane integrated with advanced gas turbines
12 Power Generation Technology (Selection and Integration)! Near term commercial driver -- electricity! Reliable Combined-cycle performance is another key! Gas turbines designed specifically for gasification power plant are not available! Provisions made in the design for integrations involving:! Advanced air separation technologies! Fuel cells! Integrated GT-ASU-Fuel Cell concepts appear to have the highest efficiency
13 Acid Gas/CO 2 Recovery & Sequestration Technology (Selection and Integration)! Commercially proven sorbents are available to form basis for prototype plant! Sulfur and CO 2 can be sequentially removed! Adsorption and regeneration conditions and CO 2 Quality need to be optimized for CO 2 Sequestration! Novel concepts can be validated with slipstream testing
14 Future Gen...Perspective.Summary! Future Gen needs our full support! An Interested Party s Perspective:! A Pragmatic Eye on Today - A Prototype with Potential for Commercial Viability! Vision of the Future - Testing and Demonstration Advance Technologies for Power Generation and Developing Hydrogen Markets