Information Sharing on Internet in Collaborative and Construction Process New Technologies in Architecture: Digital and Manufacturing Techniques October 27 th to 29 th, Harvard School Chief Research Scientist, Architect SAFA arto.kiviniemi@vtt.fi TEKES My Background Architectural design 1972-1996 1996 12 first prices and several other prices and purchases in architectural competitions as the main assistant of Arto Sipinen 36 major building and urban planning projects IT-experience since 1986 work with CAD, lecturer in several universities, software development, project data integration Chief Research Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Center of Finland) since 1996 Program Manager of the national construction information technology program in Finland funded by Tekes 1997-2002 Chairman of IAI Nordic Chapter International Chairman of IAI International Council and Executive Committee 1998-2000, currently Deputy Chairman Homepage http://cic.vtt.fi/kiviniemi/ TEKES
Technology Program Information Networking in the Construction Process, Finnish national Construction IT Program by Tekes (National Technology Agency of Finland) Schedule - six years; 1997-2002 Total volume Current budget 250 million FIM ($ 36 million) 45 % by Tekes 115 million FIM ($ 16 million) 55 % by the industry 135 million FIM ($ 20 million) Current situation Research projects: 35 / 20 million FIM ($ 3 million) Industrial projects: 80 / 160 million FIM ($ 22 million) Total: 115 / 180 million FIM ($ 25 million) Homepage http://cic.vtt.fi/vera/english.htm 3/38 Current Problem The work is mainly done with computers but much of the information is still exchanged on paper, which causes non-valueadding work, friction, data losses and errors 4/38
Goal in the Future Information is shared in exploitable data format directly between different systems 5/38 6/38 and more problems Investments in development (Source: Gabor Bojar, CEO of Graphisoft in Stockholm on September 9th 2000) Building Industry Value of production: CAD investments: Automobile Industry Value of production: CAD investments: $ 3.2 Trillion $ 1.0 Billion $ 1.0 Trillion $ 1.8 Billion Fragmentation (European Union Figures) 11 million jobs and 2 million companies 93 % of companies with less than 10 employees only 100 companies with more than 2000 employees
Lifecycle Information Briefing Sketching, Engineering Learning Briefing for Changes Product Specification Planning, Cost Information 7/38 Demolition Facility Construction Management 8/38 Requirements for Networking Infrastructure high-capacity networks Common information language standardized/agreed data structures software support for data sharing Tools and processes computers connected to the networks software support for collaboration deployment of ebusiness Culture will to collaborate sufficient IT (ICT) know-how
Common Information Language Information Sharing on Internet in Collaborative and Construction Process TEKES IAI - International Alliance for Interoperability Defining IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) - an industrial product data model describing buildings First commercial IFC implementations available 9 Chapters, more than 650 member organizations in 20 countries North America Nordic UK German Speaking French Speaking Korea Japan Singapore Australasia Homepage http://iaiweb.lbl.gov 10/38
Different Views to the Building Many IFC does activities not standardize in the construction data structures industry in and individual FM need tasks, the only same the basic shared data information Equipment Maintenance Facility Building Maintenance Services Repair and Renovation HVAC Property Management IFC-model Structural 11/38 Sale and rental activities Architectural Marketing 3D Modelling Visualisation Current Status of IFCs site planning lighting architecture architecture structural programming catalogues facilities facilities management management simulation IFC object data model engineering engineering HVAC electrical civil wiring fire protection cost cost estimating estimating value engineering 12/38 codes codes and and standards standards commissioning construction construction procurement Vladimir Bazjanac/ LBNL
Structural Robobat Client Brief to Space Plan qpartners Architecture Fukui IFC Model Viewer VTT IFC Model Viewer CSTB Architectural Desktop Autodesk Alplan FT IFC Model Viewer CISRO Current IFC Implementations Electrical System Alpi Arch & Structure Kozo Architecture Fujitsu Architecture Graphisoft Nemetschek Richard See/ MS Visio Viewers IFC R1.5.1 Models HVAC System BBS HVAC System Progman Architecture BricsNet Visio & Drawing Microsoft IFC Toolbox Eurostep Computational Fluid Dynamics AEA Model Conversion CSIRO Thermal Simulation LBNL BS Pro Server Energy Olof Granlund Thermal Simulation Rocca Thermal Simulation Olof Granlund IFC R2.0 Models P21 / XML Construction Specifications BSD Codes/Specs QualiSTEP BLIS Project AEC/FM Software Interoperability IAI CSTB Product Catalogs NEC Code Checking PNNL Code Checking CSIRO Promote VTT Cost Estimating Timberline Qty/Cost IFC Server Secom Cost Estimating Sumitomo Apps Cost Estimating Bernard Info Quantity Takeoff qpartners Model Checking Solibri Construction. Legend. Tool sets Cost Estimating Tocoman Construction Planning YIT legacy format Financial Managmenet Muli-Mgmt. 4D Modeler Disney/CIFE R2 - Now R2 - Planned Construction Management PHAROS Truss Manufacturing Gangnail Japan BS software R1.5.1 - Now Non-IFC - Now Tools and Processes Information Sharing on Internet in Collaborative and Construction Process TEKES
15/38 and Engineering Processes Shared models can contain complex rules for behavior and relations between objects easy and cost efficient evaluation and simulation at any project stage thermal, lighting and performance simulation more accurate cost estimation environmental evaluation (semi)automated design integration and code checking New service areas for designers/engineers LCA/LCC services information maintenance FM services... Conceptual design tool by Qpartners Based on MS Visio 2000 Technical imports room information from an Excel file to the drawing as space objects exports IFC R2.0 files
Two On-Line Checker Examples (Accessibility for Disables) from CIFE Prescriptive Code Checker Path Planner / Simulator Han, Kunz, Law - CIFE, Stanford University 05/2000 BSPro COM Server / Olof Granlund Construction Maintenance tools BS CLIENT System design CAD Energy simulation LCC LCA Product data Construction tools BS CLIENT As built data CAD Product data Commissioning FM tools BS CLIENT System data Maintenance Documents Help desk Consumption Product data BSPro COM Server for IFC files 18/38 Architectural CAD IFC IFC file IFC Other IFC compliant software Life cycle data repository for building services DOE (US Department of Energy) has taken BSPro Server as the middleware to import building geometry into the next generation energy simulation software: EnergyPlus
Thermal Simulation / Olof Granlund SMOG/RIUSKA uses IFC building objects based on the DOE simulation engine Supports both IFC 1.5.1 and R2.0 through the BSPro IFC/COM Server 19/38 HVAC : MagiCAD / Progman
In the Sanomatalo building project advanced IT applications of Olof Granlund were used in the comfort and energy consumption simulations already in early design stages. Sanomatalo Sarc Oy, Antti-Matti Siikala 22/38 Construction Process Wide utilization of design data Information as a part of the product: building maintenance database based on as-built information will be delivered as a part of the production ecommerce is not just procurement and transactions; product information must be a part of the ecommerce electronic product libraries with direct interface to design and procurement software and building data models IFC compliant XML Change requires: process and tool development Project management tools 4D CAD: Time schedule combined to 3D
Model Checker / Solibri 23/38 Based on Java technology Checks consistency of building and spatial elements, exit routes, etc Quantities and Cost Estimation / Timberline
Quantities and Cost Estimation / Timberline IFC and XML - One possible interpretation Planning Works / Supply Finances Complex information structures Flat information structures IFC AEC/FM specific XML (aecxml, bcxml, etc) Process data Manufacturer s product data... ebxml Common ebusiness information 26/38 Product data model exchange Business transactions
Examples of Product Libraries Viva - lighting design and simulation software by Olof Granlund GDL Object Explorer by Graphisoft www.cadobject.com 27/38 Owner: Contractor: Architectural : Jurisdictional Agency: Acoustician: Walt Disney Concert Hall I M. A. Mortenson Company Frank O. Gehry & Associates County of Los Angeles Nagata Acoustics, Inc. Garage Remedial Cal Arts Theater Walt Disney Concert Hall negotiated GMAX +/- $175,000,000 4D CAD: Walt Disney Concert Hall Martin Fischer - CIFE, Stanford University 05/2000
4D CAD: Walt Disney Concert Hall Air Handling Unite too Late Martin Fischer - CIFE, Stanford University 05/2000 Product Model based VR Interface Version visualization Linking the documents to the model Day 9 Time scheduling - 4D Conflict visualization
31/38 Lifecycle Management Key people are the clients; building owners and facility managers. they will have the most benefits they can set the requirements Better tools for early decision making LCA and LCC tools maintenance simulations Better tools for FM/PM better budgeting tools better utilization of resources better management for preventive maintenance lower costs for maintenance New View to the AEC/FM Industry Core Business USERS Facility Management REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY Services Construction Asset Management OWNERS Property Management 32/38
Real Life Cycle View? Client s core business FM services Pressure to change Change adaptation Where are the real benefits of information Sharing and ebusiness? Building process Construction 33/38 ebusiness 1400 80% of all e-commerce is business-to-business 1200 Billion USD 1000 800 600 400 200 B-to-C B-to-B Total 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 34/38 Source: Construction Industry in the Information Society Erkki Liikanen, Member of the European Commission
Business Process on the Web Process Automation Transaction Automation Information Publication 35/38 Value General Services: Shipping Payment Procurement Inventory control Viewers Links to product catalogs Document management Specialized AEC services: Bidding analysis Product specifications Integrated procurement Field operations Diagnosis, operations and maintenance Etc. Integration of advanced technologies Task Support Task Integration Enterprise Integration Current Early Adoption Future Hans Bjornsson - CIFE, Stanford University 05/2000 Cephren and Bidcom merged and formed a new company, Citadon, on October 24th 2000 36/38
Created at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, where the World Wide Web was born Flexible tool supporting different views to the data 37/38 38/38 Key Questions What should (or must) be included into a AEC project management system? Documents Drawings, specifications Product models? Contracts, other legal documents Change management Process/work flow control Time schedules Cost monitoring Procurement, transactions Marketing???
VirAps System Interactive apartment design, procurement, manufacturing and marketing 39/38 VIRAPS project / University of Art and Helsinki Culture Information Sharing on Internet in Collaborative and Construction Process TEKES
Barriers to the Change The change to data sharing is not only technical - it is much more cultural new processes and tools supporting them real partnering and sharing the benefits through the whole AEC/FM industry investments and benefits do not always meet sufficient IT skills a pre-study for the Vera program in 1996-1997 showed that the lack of IT skills and know-how is the main barrier to the wider implementation of IT in the AEC/FM industry 41/38 42/38 New Business Concepts Drafting" information management paper document digital information traditional documents product models document a view of the model from a specified angle at a specified moment technical and juridical problems Environmental issues are coming more and more important Information will be produced for: decision making and production use and maintenance of buildings Minimizing the cost maximizing the added value through the whole building life cycle