Great References NY and PA Pest Mgt. for Grapes http://ipmguidelines.org/grapes/ Weeds of the Northeast www.cdms.net
The Label Publications and handouts aren t a substitute for the actual product label. Label has: more detail important precautions State registration varies! NY?
Why Control Weeds? Weeds kill or severely reduce grape growth Young vineyards most affected Weed control is not optional
Don t believe me???
Weight of Niagara vines after one growing season and vegetation-free area. Width of vegetation free area - ft 8 135 a 7 101 b 6 93 bc 5 73 c 4 44 d 3 41 d 0 8 e Weight of plants Zabadal and Dittmer HortTechnolgy 2001
About 4 feet Weed Free Strip-Covered Aisles Grape
Is This Your Weed Control Program?
Lots of arrows in your quiver 20 active ingredients 30+ brand names
A Weed Control Program 1. Kill perennials before planting. 2. Prevent weed growth. 3. Eliminate weed escapes.
GLYPHOSATE? Roundup Roundup Ultra Touchdown Touchdown IQ Rattler Glyphomax etc etc etc etc etc
Glyphosate is Unique! Translocated. Has no residual soil activity Non-selective. But it s not a complete weed control program
A Weed Control Program 1. Kill perennials before planting. 2. Prevent weed growth. 3. Eliminate weed escapes.
Step 1. Kill perennials before planting
Perennial Weeds Quackgrass Poison Ivy Canada thistle Artemisia Nutsedge Dandelion, Bindweed, etc, etc
Crop rotation as weed control
Glyphosate Site Prep Late Summer/Fall apps allow for maximum translocation. Be sure weeds are actively growing. 10-30 GPA best Allow 7-14 days before mowing, etc
Non Selective Glyphosate kills broadleaf, grasses and sedges Translocates perennials are killed Non-residual no plant-back restrictions
Using glyphosate The better the weed is growing. the better glyphosate herbicide will work.
Step 2. Preventing weed growth
Preventing weed growth Mulches Cultivation Pre-emergence herbicides
Mulches labor intensive availability and quality issues offer other benefits useful on a small scale
Cultivation labor intensive erosion, other soil considerations Weed Badger www.weedbadger.com
Preemergence herbicides Safe Economical Effective Must calibrate Observe precautions
Calibration pounds product per treated acre see our simple worksheets with pre-emerge herbicides, rates matter
Pre-emerge Herbicide Facts of Life
Preemerge herbicides won t control perennial weeds. No single preemerge herbicide will control all weeds. No single application will give year-long weed control
Rates are related to soil texture light soils = low rates heavy soils = higher rates
Strap yourself in
Use Tank Mixes Broadleaf Control Grass Control Gallery Devrinol Princep Prowl Goal Solicam Karmex Surflan Chateau
Sample tank mixes Gallery + Prowl H2O Ok for first year plantings Karmex + Solicam Princep + Surflan Moderate rates of two herbicides = effective, safe weed control
Let s look at a few preemerge products
OK first year Gallery best on annual broadleaves non-bearing only excellent tank mix partner for grass herbicides picks up ragweed and other important broadleaves isoxaben
Surflan OK first year also sold as Oryzalin best on annual grasses tank mix with Gallery in year 1-2 also OK on bearing plantings oryzalin
Devrinol OK first year best on annual grasses degraded by light tank mix with Gallery in year 1 and 2 also OK on bearing plantings napropamide
OK first year Prowl H20 best on annual grasses dormant applications only tank mix with Gallery in year 1 and 2 other formulations, non bearing only pendimethalin
Can I use pre-emerge herbicides in the planting year? Yes! chose products and rates carefully. make sure soil is settled and firmed around plant roots apply before weed germination or add a nonselective herbicide if weeds have emerged.
Use Tank Mixes Broadleaf Control Gallery Grass Control Surflan Devrinol Prowl
As you know weeds do most damage to young vines cultivation most difficult in young plantings it s easier to start and stay weed free
Can I tank mix pre-emerge and post-emerge herbicides? Roundup do not contact green tissue! Gramoxone Rely Scythe Directed sprays or shielded sprayers avoid contact with green tissue
Established plantings 3 years and older
3 years minimum Princep best on broadleaves tank mix with a grass herbicide simazine
3 years minimum Karmex Direx, Diuron best on broadleaves tank mix with a grass herbicide diuron
2 years minimum Solicam pigment inhibitor best on grasses, suppresses nutsedge tank mix with a broadleaf herbicide nurfluazon
3 years minimum* Goal pre and early postemerge control Kills small emerged broadleaves excellent broadleaf control tank mix with grass herbicide also sold as Goaltender oxyfluorfen
Preemerge Herbicide Timing Prior to weed seed germination Or, tank mix with non-selective herbicide when weeds are small Re-apply in fall Control fall germinating weeds
Fall apps clean-up escaped perennials clean up germinated winter annuals prevent germination of winter annuals Gramoxone or Rely + Princep
Chateau Good fall cleanup material Can tank mix with a burndown herbicide Best if debris is raked or blown out of the row.
Chateau Chateau = flumioxazin excellent pre-emerge Grasses and broadleaves some post-emerge activity tank mix with burn-down products
Spring Chateau Timing Single 12 oz rate OR split apps in mid and late spring with post-emerge products (6 oz each time) Glyphosates, Gramoxone, Rely
Chateau precautions labeled on 1-2 year plantings with some restrictions To avoid contact with green tissue; Concord injury OK for bearing plantings shielded sprayers only after bud break
Reminders calibrate sprayers keep records double check calculations read labels ask questions Leave a check strip
Step 3 Eliminate Weed Escapes
Non-selective herbicides Roundup, etc Rely Gramoxone Scythe Aim Fusilade, Select, Poast
Glyphosate products no contact with green stems, leaves or suckers! no fresh pruning cuts! it translocates! best non-selective herbicide
Rely glufosinate contact rather than translocated results similar to Gramoxone without toxicity issues sucker control glufosinate
Gramoxone contact action sucker control 24 hours to visual results requires a surfactant Danger label paraquat
Scythe contact action 3-10 percent solution thorough coverage essential stinks, eye irritant pelargonic acid
Aim Contact action Sucker control carfentrazone
Post emerge grass control Poast Select non bearing only Fusilade - non bearing only
All together now an example
Planting year Allow soil to settle via rainfall or irrigation Apply Gallery + Surflan ASAP and before weed germination Use Gramoxone or Rely as needed to get escapes or glyphosate in shielded sprayer
Year 2 Roundup + Gallery + Prowl H20 in April Apply Rely or Gramoxone as needed in-season to get escapes
Year 3 Apply Roundup plus Chateau in April and May using 6 oz Chateau per app. Spot treat with Rely as needed in season Apply Princep in fall after harvest
Later years Tank mix preemerge herbicides for spring apps Use fall apps of Princep or Chateau for winter annuals, adding burndown material if needed
Reminder 20 arrows in your quiver calibrate ask questions, read labels pre-emerge herbicides are worth a try