TANZANIA COMMISSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (COSTECH) VACANCIES

TANZANIA COMMISSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (COSTECH) VACANCIES BACKGROUND Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) is a public institution established by an Act of Parliament No. 7 of 1986. By the Act COSTECH is mandated to promote and coordinate research; promote technology development transfer; acquire store and disseminate scientific and technological information to the general public, the overall objective of the mandate is to stimulate and promote social and economic development. The commission is undergoing remarkable modernization including structural changes and implementation of new and more attractive scheme of service and competitive salary structure. Due to this modernization and structural changes, the following positions are vacant and require to be filled as soon as possible. 1. Position Title: Director of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Report to: Director General Supervises: Researchers Position Purpose: Provide and enlist support to the Director General in regard to transfer, adaptation assessment and choice of appropriate technology both local and imported technology within the framework of national, social, economic and political constraints technological need for utilization in different sector of the economy (i) To act as Assistant Secretary to select R&D Committees of the Commission relevant to technology, innovation and entrepreneurship; (ii) To identify within the framework of national, social, economic and political constraints technological needs for utilization in the different sectors of the economy; (iii) Provide advice on matters pertaining to development of endogenous and indigenous technologies; (iv) Formulating strategies and advising on the best ways of implementing and improving national policies on technology development; 1

(v) Provide and enlist support to the Director General in regard to development, transfer, adaptation and choice of appropriate technology both local and imported within the framework of the national, social, economic and political environment; (vi) Promoting research and innovation in new and renewable sources of energy and taking charge of the Commission s energy research projects in the field; (vii) Acquiring and analyzing information on alternative sources of technology and its delivery to users; (viii) Maintaining an inventory of innovations, inventions and adaptations and undertaking a follow-up of TASTA awards; (ix) Formulating elaborate programmes and acting as a catalyst for the development, furtherance and commercialization of indigenous technologies; (x) Liaising and maintaining effective links with local and foreign technology centers and research institutions, with a view to attaining an optimum level of technology development in the country; (xi) Identifying, within the framework of national, social, economic and political constraints, technological needs for utilization in the different sectors of the (xii) economy; Undertaking an evaluation (technical, financial, economic, legal) and selection of technologies with a view of developing a capacity of decision making in the area of science technology and innovation; (xiii) Playing a major role in the unpackaging of imported technology and innovation including the assessment of suitability of the technology as well as direct and indirect costs of importing technology and innovation or local development of such technology with a view of enhancing national competence in purchasing only selected components of technology and innovation; (xiv) (xv) (xvi) Assisting institutions importing technology and innovation in the negotiation of contracts for the supply of technology/innovation with a view of securing favorable terms and conditions under which technology may be supplied; Maintaining a databank of imported and local technology/innovation and of domestic technological/innovation resources and manpower, and undertaking a detailed analysis of their impact on national development; Providing training for technical personnel in technology and innovation aspects, and in various fields of analysis of transfer of technology; (xvii) Registering all technology transfer agreements and monitoring their execution on a continuous basis; (xviii) Preparing strategies, priority and plans for development of technology/innovation in the critical sectors of the economy including technology assessment innovation and forecasting. Preferred Qualifications and Skills The successful candidate must hold Ph.D. in Economics, Commerce, Entrepreneurship, Engineering or equivalent; Must have published not less than 10 papers in recognized journal with demonstrate related work experience of at least 8 years ideally gained in a business environment where team work and flexibility were paramount; 2

Must have a good track and extensive experience in technology development and transfer in a reputable organization is desirable; Must have a proven track records of 7 years of research in a business environment where team work and flexibility were paramount and 5 year or more years of progressive management experience or demonstrated experience to compensate for lack of direct management experience. Key Competencies Leadership skills Demonstrated excellence of report writing, presentation and communication; Well informed about the current technological development in the world Knowledge of Strategic management; Ability to make decisions and solve problems; Demonstration of personal drive and self-motivation; Strong conceptual and analytical skills; Creative and innovative thinker; Proactive and professionally confident; and Ability to work without close supervision. Salary Scale: COSS 14 2. Position Title: Chief Research Officer (Technology Innovation Manager) Report to: Director of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Supervises: Researchers Position Purpose: The Chief Research Officer provides enlist support to director of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in regard to implementation of policy, plans, and procedure regarding technology development and promotion, technology management and innovation for achievement of the social economic development of the country. (i) Deal with all matters relating to development and transfer of technologies for urban and rural use including formulation and review of related policies; (ii) Identify and document technology needs for various target groups (stakeholders) and prepare strategies and plans for intervention; (iii) Mobilize resources by conceptualizing and developing programs/projects for soliciting internal and external fund; (iv) Scout for new, emerging and imported technologies, identify recipients and set strategies for adoption and scaling purposes; 3

(v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Popularize the use of environmentally friendly technologies; To coordinate and promote technology innovation activities at all levels in the relevant clusters and fields/sectors of the economy; To keep up to date inventory of technology innovations in R&D institutions, academic, government and private sector; To be abreast with new and emerging technology innovation and prepare strategies for acquiring adaptation and adaptation; To mobilize resources to compliment support from the government for supporting technology innovation activities in the country; Any other duties as may be assigned by head of department. Preferred Qualifications and skills The successful candidate must have a PhD in Engineering, Economics, Sociology or related disciplines with work experience of at least 5 years. Must have published not less than 10 papers in recognized journals with demonstrated skills in technology innovation activities, negotiation, and entrepreneurship Must have proven track records of 3 years of innovation projects Key Competencies Ability to work independently with strong problem solving skills Excellent interpersonal and team building skills. Strong conceptual and analytical skills; Creative and innovative thinker; Good project management skills and Good leadership skills Salary Scale: COSS 13 3. Position Title: Chief Research Officer (Health ) Report to: Director of Life Sciences Supervises: Researchers Position Purpose: The Chief Research Officer provides support to director of life science as regard to implementation of policy, plans, and procedure regarding coordination, promotion of science, technology and innovation in health for achievement of the Commissions goals and objectives. (i) To coordinate and promote quality research in national priority areas at all levels in the health sector of the economy. (ii) To undertake effective monitoring and evaluation of R&D activities. 4

(iii) (iv) (v) To keep up to date inventory of national scientific activities, inputs, outputs, impacts, research equipment and research scientists in R&D institutions, academic, government and private sector. To be abreast with new and emerging health researches, Technologies and Innovations and prepare strategies for acquiring adaptation and adaptation. To mobilize resources to compliment support from the government for supporting STI activities in the country. Preferred Qualifications and skills The successful candidate must have a PhD in health science with work experience of at least 5 years; Must have published not less than 5 papers in accredited journals with demonstrated skills in research proposal review, monitoring and evaluation and project management; Must have proven track records of 3 years of research projects. Key Competencies Ability to work independently with strong problem solving skills; Excellent interpersonal and team building skills; Good ability of mass data analysis and interpretation; Good communication skills in writing and presentation; Good project management skills; Good leadership skills; and Project management skills. Salary Scale: COSS 13 4. Position Title: Principal Research Officer (Head of ICT Unit) Report to: Director of Knowledge Management Supervise: ICT officers Job purpose: To provide and enlist support to the Director of Knowledge Management with regard to information systems, ICT infrastructure, the process of collection, processing, analyzing, storing, retrieving, disseminating scientific information on science, technology and innovation development to the general public for the achievement of Commissions goals and objectives : (i) To provide strategic advice to the Director on the state of current technologies within the Telecom sector relevant to the ongoing strategic innovations of the government of Tanzania; (ii) Develop technical specifications for strengthening COSTECH network infrastructure including IT Security infrastructure; 5

(iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) To conceptualize, establish and maintain robust and relevant information systems of benefit to the commission and the entire scientific community, nationally and internationally; To facilitate with ICT tools the process of collection, processing, analyzing, storing, retrieving, disseminating scientific information appropriate to science, technology and innovations development to general public; To spearhead the process of establishing national research and education network through national ICT broadband bandwidth and submarine fiber optic cable for high internet connectivity; Promote conducive environment for the development of ICT service providers in the software and hardware industries and develop managerial depth and working relationship with the private sector in ICT incubators; To investigate create and maintain systems aimed at improving communication and network among R&D institutions and also between Tanzania institutions and outside world such as simple courier services, electronic mail, radio calls, packet switched radio, satellite communication and computer network etc. (viii) To analyze and design computer systems which will enable performance of both moderate and complex operations as well as large scale problem solving within and outside COSTECH; (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) To ensure optimum utilization of available ICT resources; To ensure system security, control, maintenance and its efficiency; To cooperate with national and international research and development institutions and data centers for the purpose of collecting and exchanging science and technology information; To undertake any other duties as assigned. Preferred Qualifications and Skills PhD in Information Technology, Computer Science, Telecommunication Engineering, Software Engineering and information systems; Knowledge of new and emerging ICTs in particular as circumscribed by the Internet; Must have published not less than 7 papers in recognized journals; Must have 5 years of experience in ICT management and or related field. Key Competencies Strong influencing/negotiation skills; Excellent written and verbal communication skills; knowledge of business and technology trends; Strong interpersonal/relationship management skills; Current understanding of ICT opportunities and risks. Salary Scale: COSS 12 6

5. Position Title: Principal Research Officer ( Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist) Report to: Director General Job Purpose: To provide support to the Director General and substantive directors in monitoring and evaluation of all COSTECH supported Research and Development Institutions and to ensure that all M & E activities in research and technology at COSTECH are successfully implemented. (i) Lead the successful roll out and implementation of all design monitoring and evaluation (DME) related initiatives (ii) To provide guidelines and standards for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all project. (iii) Ensure that M&E related activities are successfully implemented and documented, disseminated to staff and used to inform future decisions. (iv) Develop and promote the implementation and use of quality program monitoring framework (tools and processes) and reporting, formats and proposal review systems for all projects/ programs (v) Facilitate implementation of key capacity building practices towards monitoring and evaluation of progress in all projects/programs (vi) Establish a comprehensive and an updated data base for all projects (vii) Coordinate the preparation, review and posting of all project reports in COSTECH. (viii) To provide strategic leadership in the collection, documentation and sharing of best practices for improvements in project/ program implementation. (ix) To facilitate the evaluation and documentation of qualitative and quantitative performance measures at 3 months, 6 months and 1year following completion of implementation. (x) Ensure appropriate Terms of Reference (ToR) for engaging qualified staff/consultants to undertake projects and program assessments and baseline-, mid-tem-and end-term surveys. (xi) Ensure that the assessment and evaluation tools are developed and that requisite sensitization and training of staff, stakeholders and partners. (xii) To undertake any other duties as assigned. Preferred Qualifications: The successful candidate must hold PhD in Statistics, Economics, Monitoring and Evaluation, Project Cycle Management or related field; Must have published not less than 7 papers in recognized journals; Must have experience of 5 years in M & E assignments. 7

Key Competencies Demonstrated ability in data collection and analysis; Must demonstrate good database management skills; High level of cross-sectoral sensitivity, good and clear understanding and sensitivity to national development trends and issues are highly desirable; Ability to work independently with strong problem solving skills; Good communication skills in writing and presentation; Good understanding of M&E approaches. Salary Scale: COSS 12 6. Position Title: Principal Research Officer (Business Development Manager) Report to: Director of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Supervise: Researchers Job Purpose: : To provides enlist support to the Director of Innovation and Entrepreneurship and supervising researchers with regard to implementation of policy, plans, and procedure regarding development and entrepreneurial opportunities in technology and innovation for the achievement of the Commissions goals and objectives. (i) Deal with all matters relating to business development; (ii) Assist innovators/inventors on issues related to commercialization of their inventions/innovations and maintain close contact with them; (iii) Mobilize resources by conceptualizing and developing business development plans; (iv) To initiate, develop and execute business development programs; (v) To coordinate and facilitate the business development, for the identified technologies to commercialization level; (vi) To produce monthly, quarterly and annual business development reports for compilation into the Commissions monthly, quarterly and annual reports; (vii) Any other duties as may be assigned by the Director of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Preferred Qualifications and Skills PhD holders in Economics, Commerce or Entrepreneurship with a work experience of at least 5 years in a related field in a Research or Academic Institution. Must have published not less than 7 papers in recognized journals Must have proven track records of 3 years of entrepreneurial work. 8

Key Competencies Ability to work independently with strong problem solving skills; Excellent interpersonal and team building skills; Demonstration of personal drive and self-motivation; Strong conceptual and analytical skills; Creative and innovative thinker; and Demonstrated entrepreneurial mind set. Salary Scale: COSS 12 7. Position Title: Senior Research Officer (Renewable Energy ) Report to: Director of Physical Science Purpose of the Job: To provides and enlists support to the Director of Physical Sciences in regard to implementation of policy, plans, and procedure regarding renewal energy for the achievement of the Commission goals and objectives. : (i) Deal with all matters related to coordination, development, promotion, transfer, monitoring and evaluation of renewable energy technologies for urban and rural use including formulation and review of policies and guidelines; (ii) Identify and document renewable energy needs and develop an inventory of appropriate technologies to address the needs and prepare strategies and plans for implementation; (iii) Popularize the use of environment friendly renewable energy technologies, renewable energy resources and renewable energy efficient processes; (iv) Promote innovative ideas and processes related to renewable energy technologies and scouting for new, emerging and imported technologies for adoption and scaling purposes; (v) Mobilize resources by conceptualizing and developing programmes/project for soliciting funds through public-private-partnerships; (vi) To undertake any other duties as assigned. Preferred Qualifications and Skills Masters Degree in Environmental Science or Energy Engineering Science, with a work experience of at least 3 years in a related field in a Research or Academic Institution Must have published at least four scientific publications after attaining Masters degree. Must have proven track records of 3 years of research in the energy sector. 9

Key Competencies Ability to work independently with strong problem solving skills. Ability to analyse and interpret large data sets. Excellent level of report writing, presentation and communication skills. Well informed about the higher energy sector in Tanzania. Knowledge of project management and Strategic management. Ability to make decisions and solve problems. Ability to work without close supervision. Salary Scale: COSS 11 8. Senior Research Officer (Database Manager) Report to: Director: Director of Knowledge Management Purpose of the Job: To provide and enlist support to the Director of Knowledge Management with regard to implementation of policy, plans, and procedure regarding the Commissions ICT, in particular database management. : (i) Oversee the day-to-day operations of the different database systems; (ii) Formulate and carry out Database s administrative policies; (e.g. rules and regulations as approved by the Commission); (iii) Work with Director of Knowledge Management to develop and implement Database Strategic plan; (iv) Work with Private sector to virtual host developed database systems and ensure the systems are secured and managed; (v) Work with Director of Knowledge Management and Director of Administration and Finance to develop and implement database systems for the annual budget; (vi) Develop standards and guidelines to guide the use and acquisition of software and to protect vulnerable information; (vii) Modify existing databases and database management systems or direct programmers and analysts to make changes. Preferred Qualifications and Skills Masters Degree in Management Information Systems, Information Systems, Computer sciences, Software Engineering or the equivalent; At least four (4) years of Database Development and Administration and/or working experience in a relevant field; 10

Proven experience in various DBMS field, with particular understanding of the technical and social implications of the emerging global database environment, e.g. Oracle, My SQL, MS SQL Server, SAP, etc.; Knowledge of current and emerging ICTs, and technology trends, in particular those related to the database management; Sound knowledge of current online database platforms, content management systems and user interfaces suitable for use in web based database applications, particularly of FOSS origin; Certification and experiences in database design and management (MySQL, and PHP); Knowledge of Linux and windows system administration; Must have published at least four scientific publications after attaining Masters degree. Key Competencies Ability to analyse and interpret large data sets; Excellent level of report writing, presentation and communication skills; Well informed about the current development in ICT; Knowledge of project management; Demonstration of personal drive and self-motivation; Creative and innovative thinker. Salary Scale: COSS 11 9. Senior Research Officer (Documentation Officer) Report to: Director: Director of Knowledge Management Purpose of the Job: To provide and enlist support to the Director of Knowledge Management with regard to promoting e-library, management of library systems and formulation of policy and procedures of acquisition, documentation and dissemination of science and technology information (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Undertake bibliographic searches on behalf of users; Promotes the use of e-library in meeting user needs; Conduct research on the information needs of users; Undertakes research and consultancy activities in virtual library informatics and Documentation; Assists Library and Documentations Officers in obtaining various publications and maintains their records; Participates in developing library systems and procedures; and Identifies materials to be ordered; 11

(vii) Promotes the use of IT in improving library services; (viii) Supervises and trains junior Library and Documentation personnel; (ix) Undertakes training of students and staff on cataloguing and classification; (x) Participates in the formulation of policies and strategies related to documentation and acquisition of information; (xi) Prepares project proposal, budget and action plans for submission to the Commission and other interested parties. Preferred Qualifications and Skills Masters degree in Library Science or information studies or related field plus three (3) years experience in librarianship or documentation; Must be registered with the Tanzania Library Association; Must have published at least four scientific publications after attaining Masters degree. Key Competencies Knowledge of research design and implementation; Excellent level of report writing, presentation and communication skills; Well informed about the higher education library system; Demonstration of personal drive and self-motivation; Proactive and professionally confident; and Well informed on integrated information management systems. Salary Scale: COSS 10 10. Research Officer I ( Database Administrator) Report to: Director: Director of Knowledge Management Purpose of the Job: To provides and enlists support to director of knowledge management in regard ICT management, in particular database management. Duties and responsibilities (i) Develop action plan for implementation of TanBIF Web Portal; (ii) Mobilize and publish rich biodiversity species data on the Portal using Linnaeus II web publisher software; (iii) Mobilize and publish biodiversity datasets on the Portal using Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) software; (iv) Mobilize and update Portal with biodiversity articles and news; (v) Mobilize and post videos, images and photos to support the Portal content; (vi) Provide technical support to Biodiversity Data Providers and Users; 12

(vii) Facilitate training courses on how to use and publish biodiversity data on the Portal; (viii) Ensure that TanBIF servers, hardware and software are operating accurately; (ix) Assess Portal usage and its relevance; (x) Develop extended functionality of the TanBIF Portal. Preferred Qualifications Masters Degree in IT, Computer Science, software engineering; Proven experience and skills of dealing with all aspects of website/ database management; Understanding of the biodiversity informatics field, its applications and relevance to support education, policy and decision making are an added advantage; Knowledge of current and emerging ICTs, and technology trends, in particular those related to the Internet.; Must have at least working experience of 3 years. Key Competencies Ability to analyse and interpret large data sets; Excellence in communication skills; Well informed about the current developments in ICT; Knowledge of project management; Demonstrated personal drive and self-motivation; Creative and innovative thinker. Salary Scale: COSS 9 11. Position Title: Research Officer I (ICT Security Administrator) Report to: Director: Director of Knowledge Management Purpose of the Job: To provide and enlist support to the Director of Knowledge Management with regard to ICT Management, in particular ICT security. (i) Develop and maintain systems security architecture, defining standards and protocols for data exchange, communications, software and interconnection of usage level at COSTECH; (ii) Ensure that all information systems and networks operate according to internal standards, external accrediting agency standards, regulatory of agencies and legal requirements. (iii) Conduct risk assessment in order to determine the volume of net flow data in the network systems; (iv) Develop strategies for cyber security in line with the national needs and requirements; 13

(v) Develop a plan for selection and deployment of security tools; (vi) Identify threats to and vulnerabilities of the Internet in Tanzania and estimate the cascade effect that a successful, sustained attack on the Internet would have on the critical national infrastructures; (vii) Advise on the establishment of mechanisms for sensitizing and disseminating data on security problems, data that helps the networked community understand the scope and cost of the overall problem; (viii) Develop strategies for cyber security awareness campaign; (ix) Create awareness at policy level of cyber /critical infrastructure protection issues and need for national action and international cooperation; (x) Identify, select and install various security tools for scanning or monitoring and filtering network flow; (xi) Perform security assurance reviews for new systems and changes the existing systems; (xii) Provide realistic qualitative and quantitative assessments of the risks to information assets; (xiii) Performs any other duties as may be assigned by respective head of cluster/department and Director General. Preferred Qualifications Masters degree in Computer Science; Management Information Systems, Information Technology, Information Systems or Software Engineering. Must have at least 3 years working experience. Salary Scale: COSS 10 12. Position Title: Assistant Research Officer Report to: Principal Research Officer Job Purpose: To provide enlist and support research officers in coordination and promotion of science, technology and innovation for the achievement of the Commission targets and objectives. (i) To assist execution, follow up and submission of reports on activities and programmes within the respective cluster/departments; (ii) Attached to senior research officer in the execution of directorate programmes; (iii) Any other duty as may be assigned by respective head of cluster/department and director general. 14

Preferred Qualification Bachelor degree with minimum of an upper second class honor s degree in agriculture, livestock or health, and any other science. Salary Scale: COSS 8. 13. Position Title: Principal Legal Officer Report to: Director General Purpose of the Job: To provide and solicit support to the Director General on legal matters for the implementation of policy, plans and procedure for the achievement of the Commission s targets and objectives. : (i) To advise the Director General on legal matters; (ii) To provide legal services to the Commission as a whole; (iii) To register all properties of the Commission; (iv) To participate in negotiations with outside parties and witness all contracts; (v) To appear in court on behalf of the Commission; (vi) To record and maintain custody of contract implementation, follow up and ensure contractual obligations are as per contract; (vii) To assist the Director General in his/her capacity as Secretary to the Commission; (viii) To perform any other duties as may be assigned by the Director/Deputy Director General. Preferred Qualifications: Masters degree in Law with not less than seven years postgraduate experience in legal work and must be admitted as Advocate of the High Court. Key Competence: - Strong influence/negotiation skills; - Excellent written and verbal communications; - Ability to analysis and interpret legal issues; - Demonstration of personal drive and motivations. Salary Scale: COSS 12 15

14. Position Title: Principal Accountant I Report to: Chief Accountant Supervise: Accountants Job Purpose: To provide and enlist support to Head of Cluster/Department in regard to accounting and financial management implementation of policy, procedures and plans for achievement of Commission objectives. (i) Assist the Chief Accountant in providing financial and information whenever required; (ii) Assist the Chief Accountant in handling investments of the Commission; (iii) Prepare Final accounts, budget and budget controls; (iv) Direct implementation of accounting functions by ensuring collection, classification, recording and reconciliation of accounting data; (v) Prepare in accordance with accepted accounting principles, the consolidated annual accounts of the Commission; (vi) Initiate and recommend improvements in accounting system; (vii) Manage the internal accounting and record keeping work for the Commission; (viii) Prepare statutory statements of the Commission; (ix) Provide for an adequate external audit that will safeguard the assets of the organization, check the accuracy and reliability of accounting data and encourage adherence to prescribed accounting policies. Preferred Qualifications and Skills Possession of CPA (T) or its equivalent registered with NBAA with at least five years relevant work experience from reputable organizations and hold a Master degree in Finance or business administration; Strong financial analysis skills and extremely details, oriented with using Microsoft Access and Excel. Key Competencies Ability to work independently with strong problem solving skills; Grant management skills; Good communication skills; Demonstration of personal drive and self-motivation; Strong conceptual and analytical skills; Proactive and professionally confident; and Salary Scale: COSS 11 16

15. Position Title: Principal Driver Report to: Administrative Officer Job Purpose: procedures To drive Commission vehicles and adhere to all vehicle operating : (i) Drives COSTECH vehicles skillfully, (ii) Maintains and keeps up-to date log-books; (iii) Adheres to Maintenance Schedules; (iv) Keeps motor vehicle in good running conditions and reports immediately faults and defects to Senior Administrative Officer; (v) Ensures that valid documents are obtained prior to commencing any journey; and (vi) Ensures safety and cleanliness of the vehicle at all times. Preferred Qualifications: Holder of CSE Certificate with at least Trade Test III in motor vehicle mechanics or equivalent qualification and must have a valid class C Driving License with at least seven years continuous driving experience; Must have a certificate from a recognized Driving School and VIP driving certificate; Should have driving experience in a reputable organization for at least three years with clean records. Salary Scale: COSS 4 MODE OF APPLICATION Send a cover letter and a detailed CV with copies of your academic and professional certificates and testimonials; with names of three referees to: Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. Deadline for applications is 18/6/2013 at 3.30 pm Applicants are requested to indicate their telephone and/or fax numbers and e-mail addresses for easy contact. Director General, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, P O Box 4302, DAR ES SALAAM. 17