Making a better world together TRAINING PROGRAM ON RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR EACP COUNTRIES Vietnam s Country Report www.themegallery.com LOGO
www.themegallery.com Vietnam Background Information Location: south-east of Asia in the tropical monsoon area Hanoi Area: 331,000 km 2 Population: 85 Mil (2010) Administrative: 64 City and Provinces HCMC
Contents www.themegallery.com A OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM B CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM C CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY
www.themegallery.com A. OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM
1. Why focus on renewable energy resources? www.themegallery.com 1. Rapidly increasing energy demand + In 2030, it is expected that energy demand will increase more than 4 times compared to present situation + In 2025, electricity demand will increase 10 times + Later in 2015, Vietnam has to import coal for electricity production 2. Ability to provide domestic energy resources are limited + Hydropower potential in Vietnam is quite big but not fully exploited. Meanwhile, gas and coal sources are limited.
www.themegallery.com 1. Why focus on renewable energy resources? 3. Growing demand for renewable energy sources to meet the objectives of rural electrification in the country + Demand for construction equipment and installation of water heating by solar energy + Demand for construction of biogas digesters in rural areas + Demand for improved biomass cooking stoves in rural and mountainous areas
www.themegallery.com 2. Renewable energy Potential of Vietnam Vietnam is relatively endowed with multiform renewable energy (RE) resources which are distributed throughout the country. They can be exploited for production of energy to meet rapidly increasing energy demand as well as environmental protection. Main RE resources in VN are small hydropowers, byogas, wind energy, and geothermal energy. So far, even the high potential of RE resources, their contribution in electricity production in Vietnam is still negligible.
2. Renewable energy Potential of Vietnam Vietnam has high potential of renewable energy resources: include small hydropower, wind energy, biomass, biogas, biofuels, solid wastes, solar energy and geothermal energy Small hydropower: More than 1,000 sites identifies as having potential for small hydropower development at scale of from 100kW to 30MW, total installed capacity of over 7,000 MW.
2. Renewable energy Potential of Vietnam
2. Renewable energy Potential of Vietnam Wind energy: - VN is considered as a country with high potential of wind energy development. - Wind potential assessment data are relatively different with relatively big variation in the range from 1,800MW to over 9,000MW. - According to VN wind potential data, high wind is available in central coastal areas, the south, highlands and on islands. The map of wind energy project in Vietnam
2. Renewable energy Potential of Vietnam
2. Renewable energy Potential of Vietnam
3. Barriers to develop renewable Energy - Technology + Limited understanding of renewable energy technologies + Lack of service provider, operation and maintenance of renewable energy equipment - Economy and finance + Price of energy resources from renewables is still quite high - Policies and implementation mechanisms + Lack of mechanisms to encourage and support the use and development of renewable energy + Lack of professional bodies to regulate renewable energy development activities
www.themegallery.com 4. Endeavor of Vietnam in renewable energy promotion The government of VN recognized important role of RE sustainable energy supplying in general and electricity in particular of rural off-grid areas. - The electricity Law require support to be provided to electricity generation from RE. - Decision No.110/2007/QD-TTg, it plans to install the grid connected RE with 4051 MW. - Decision No.1855/QD-TTg, it sets up the target with share of RE (3% - 2010; 5% - 2020) MoIT (Ministry of Industry and trade) has commissioned the preparation of strategy, Master Plan on RE Development for the Period up to 2015, and first draft report has been prepared by Institute of Energy.
www.themegallery.com 4. Endeavor of Vietnam in renewable energy promotion
www.themegallery.com B. MANIFESTATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM
1. Climate change? a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters = changes the composition (thành phần cấu tạo, kết cấu) of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. (UNFCC, 1992) cause by Greenhouse gasses (GHGs)
1. Climate change? Climate change Increasing temperature Variability in precipitation Sea level rise Decrease water availability for human consumption, agriculture and hydropower Increase runoff, soil erosion, flooding Decrease water availability, increase water stress Advance saltwater intrusion into aquifer and groundwater resources causing negative impacts on human living both environment and social-economics
www.themegallery.com 2. Manifestation of Climate change in VN * Temperature Average temperature increased 0.5 0 C 0.7 0 C/year Graph average annual temperature of 160 stations
www.themegallery.com 2. Manifestation of Climate change in VN * Rainfall Rainfall in 90 years in each region does not change significantly: -Northern regions: Decrease -Southern regions: Increase
é cao mùc n íc DH(cm) é cao mùc n íc DH(cm) www.themegallery.com 2. Manifestation of Climate change in VN * Sea Level + Northern regions: Incease 3.6mm/year + Midle regions: Incease 1.8mm/year + Midle regions: Incease 3.1mm/year 50 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40 Hmax Hmean Hmin Linear (Hmax) Linear (Hmean) Linear (Hmin) DHmax(cm) = -0.9323* T(n m) + 1856.7 R 2 = 0.1682 DHmin(cm) = 0.3115* T(n m)- 620.26 R 2 = 0.1325 DHmean(cm) =0.2417* T(n m) - 481.42 R 2 = 0.2671-50 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Thêi gian (n m) 30.000 H nh Hmax 5: ChuÈn Hmean sai biõn Hmin tr nh nhiòu Linear n m (Hmax) mùc n íc Linear tr¹m (Hmean) S n Trµ Linear (Hmin) 20.000 DHmax(cm) = 0.83957* T(n m) - 1671.15490 R 2 = 0.37546 10.000 0.000 DHmean(cm) = 0.54954* T(n m) - 1093.86572 R 2 = 0.49966-10.000 Average in Vietnam increase: 3.0 mm/year -20.000 DHmin(cm) = 0.60478* T(n m) - 1203.81945 R 2 = 0.11632-30.000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Thêi gian (n m) H nh 4: ChuÈn sai biõn tr nh nhiòu n m mùc n íc tr¹m Vòng Tµu
www.themegallery.com 2. Manifestation of Climate change in VN * Storm Path of the storm tends to shift toward the South Storms appears later (last year) More storms irregular movements.
www.themegallery.com 2. Manifestation of Climate change in VN * Cold air mass The number of malaria reduced (1971-1980): 288 times (1981-1990): 287 times (1991-2000): 249 times (2001-2010): 232 times Cold dark and cold damage days reduction, but more intense.
www.themegallery.com C. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY
www.themegallery.com 3. Climate change and energy 1. Climate change has been happening in the global, regional, and Vietnam 2. The main cause of climate change is the increase in atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activities 3. Climate change in the future depend on scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions So that, We have the climate change senarios in Vietnam
3. Impact of Climate change on energy resources Climate change Increasing temperature Variability in precipitation -Decrease water availability in reservoirs - Increase energy demand (summer ) - Impact on Generator Performance of hydropower and thermal power plants - Decrease water availability reservoirs - Change productivity of electric generation Sea level rise - Impact on infrastructures of tidal power, wind power and petrol power plants CC adaptation measures for energy field
3. Endeavor of Vietnam in respond to CC related to Energy
www.themegallery.com THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION