Methodology to integrate energy efficiency, safe moisture performance and indoor environment quality in building renovation projects 2nd Central European Symposium on Building Physics Tuomo Ojanen, Riikka Holopainen, Hannu Viitanen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Jorma Lehtovaara, Aalto University Paavo Kero, Juha Vinha Tampere University of Technology
2 Outline Background and objectives of the work Renovation methodology Case study of a school building - Present state analysis Indoor environment Biological deterioration Structures and building systems Lighting Energy efficiency Cost efficiency study Discussion and conclusions Acknowledgement Joint research project between VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Aalto University and Tampere university of technology during 2010-2013, Funded by Tekes the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, Companies and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
3 Background - How to focus renovation actions Driving force for renovation problems in indoor air and/or in structures Aims: Good indoor environment Safe performance of structures and building systems Increased lifetime for building components Energy efficiency Indoor environment Health issues Air quality Energy efficiency Thermal comfort Lighting Acoustics Facilities Technical life expectancy Building Systems Structures Ventilation Heating Others
4 Objective Renovation methodology Develop methodology to help in a building renovation process Present state analysis: Properties: Evaluation of different renovation needs and risks Renovation cost -effectiveness Prioritizing of renovation actions Illustrative and easy to use Holistic perspective interdependence of different renovation actions Risk evaluation Helps to ensure: Energy efficiency Good indoor environment Safe moisture performance
5 Renovation process Present state of the building Risk and competence classification Need for more information Renovation needs Critical factors Additional surveys Concept user : Budget, costs and payback, property development principles Setting the objectives Possible renovation solutions Analysis of the effects of different renovation solutions Selection of renovation method, scale and solutions
6 Methodology - Emphasis on present state analysis Present state of the building Risk and competence classification Need for more information Renovation needs Critical factors Additional surveys Concept user : Budget, costs and payback, property development principles Setting the objectives Possible renovation solutions Analysis of the effects of different renovation solutions Selection of renovation method, scale and solutions Holistic survey Critical renovation needs Prioritising Risks and interactions Cost effectiveness
7 Classification for renovation needs and risks Class Definitions 2,5-3 Essential need for renovation severe risks 1,5 2,5 Renovation needed increased risks 1 1,5 Performance lower than required, low risks 1 < 1 Fulfills current requirements Better than required Indoor Environment Indoor space - suitability to use Acoustics Result presentation form: Indoor climate health aspect 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Quality of lighting Air quality Thermal comfort
8 Case study Renovation of a school building Renovation methodology was applied in the renovation of a school building Present state analysis for different building systems and using different performance aspects Built in 1960 s Floor area 4 485 m2 400 students, 40 staff members Complaints about: - indoor air quality - symptoms of bad air - thermal comfort High energy consumption
9 Case study Indoor environment Additional surveys Evaluation of the reasons for indoor air problems Bio-deterioration studies to most critical parts of the building Indoor Environment Indoor space - suitability to use Indoor climate health aspect 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Air quality Acoustics Thermal comfort Quality of lighting
10 Case study - Methods used to analyse microbes in building materials Sticky tape sample from surface / material sample -> microscopy analyse Fast and objective results on eventual growth and damage Samples for cultivation, direct / dilution methods Contact agar plate or dust / material samples Microbe genus / species, PCR / DNA / pyrosequense Microbe species / population Material or dust sample from damage cases -> microscopy analyses Evaluation of the eventual decay type and decay fungus: genus / species eg. dry rot fungus
11 Case study - Bio-deterioration findings High moisture loads are general reasons Sources / risks should be eliminated -> focus on critical parts Risks for microbe growth Floor interior Floor insulation Floor, exterior Ventilation, in Wall, exterior 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Wall, insulation Wall, interior Foundation Ground insulation Ventilation, out Ground, interior Wet space, Roof, exterior insulation Wet space surface Ceiling insulation Ceiling interior
12 Case study - Ventilation Evaluation results confirm the faults in ventilation (and IAQ) Average level 2,7 (max 3) Air tightness, building envelope Acoustics Total air change 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Space air change rate Ventilation system, draught Control of space air change Control of total air volume Channel cleaning possib. Tech. life expect.
13 Case study - Building structures and systems Heating system Electric systems Exterior walls 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Ceiling and roof Below ground structures average maximum Ventilation system Wet space structures Av. 2,7 Max 3 Plumbing
14 Principles of good lighting design Design frame given by standard EN 12464-1: Light and lighting Lighting of workplaces, Part 1: Indoor work places Uniformity of the lighting Illuminances according to the work tasks Limitation of glare and reflections Comfort light color Balance of contrasts and shadows Good and comfort lighting Luminaire outlook Good color rendering Controls, sensors Use of daylight Energy efficiency
15 Case study Lighting quality Energy efficiency Use of daylight Age of installation 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Type of light source Type of luminaires Controls, grouping etc. Light quality Condition of lights
16 Case study Energy efficiency Lighting Energy eff. class (Building reg.) 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Structures normalized specific heating energy use 48 kwh/m 3 specific electricity use 8.3 kwh/m 3 mechanical outlet ventilation system under-dimensioned, no heat recovery old lighting installations with insufficient lighting levels Heating system Windows Ventilation
17 Cost analysis Technical present value study Current values for building components, including age, condition and risks Evaluation for cases before and after renovation Comparison between different renovation solutions Focus on cost-effectiveness
18 Case study Technical present value analysis tool Comparison before - after Renovation costs vs. value of new building Cost-effective renovation actions
19 Discussion and conclusions Methodology to help in the evaluation, focusing, design and implementation of a renovation was developed Gives illustrative information about the present state of a building Holistic approach interdependences and risks can be evaluated Guides to deeper analysis when needed Cost effectiveness of different actions can be compared
20 Thank You!
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