Shipboard Energy Efficiency: Regulations, Standards & Opportunities Stephen Gumpel ABS Americas V.P. Business Development ASBA Cargo Conference Miami Beach 27 September 2012
Outline IMO regulations on energy efficiency and management Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management Systems (EnMS) Requirements with guidance for use Target areas for energy efficiency 2
CO 2 Emissions from International Shipping Source: Second IMO GHG Study 2009 3
IMO Strategy for CO 2 Emission Mitigation 4
Potential CO 2 Reduction Due to EEDI & SEEMP By 2020: reduction from BAU ~151mt or 13% of which 76% is due to SEEMP and 24% EEDI Source: MEPC 63/INF.2; ref: MEPC 63/5/13 5
De Facto Framework for Energy Efficiency EEDI Measure energy efficiency in terms of CO 2 emissions at full-load draft and 75% MCR Benchmark energy efficiency of new ships against that of the world fleet of 1999-2009 Benchmark to improve in phases SEEMP All ships to implement energy efficiency measures in service Continuous improvement 6
EEDI: 99% of Cases Main engine CO 2 emission per unit time Aux engine CO 2 emission per unit time f j = 1 except for iceclass ships, or shuttle tankers P PTI = 0 except where PTI is fitted P AEeff = 0 except where fitted with WHR system that generates power P eff = 0 except where non-fuel propulsion assisting system is fitted f i =1 except for correction for ice-class ships, CSR ships, voluntary structural enhancement f c =1 except for chemical and LNG tankers f w = 1 unless optional EEDI weather required DWT; 70% DWT for containerships; GT for passengerships Speed at Capacity and 75%MCR 7
EEDI Impact on Designs EEDI will drive optimization in ship design: Reduce resistance Improve propulsive efficiency Recover waste heat Increase cargo carrying capacity Reduce speed Other Should understand the physics of energy losses 8
Reduce Energy Losses Typical distribution of energy losses for a tanker in BF6 52% Engine losses 16% Propeller losses 32% Hull losses Heat Exhaust Transmission loss Frictional loss Rotational loss Axial loss Weather & waves Residual resistance Hull resistance Air resistance Wave-making 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Loss % (Bunkers burned = 100% available energy) Source: Second IMO GHG Study, 2009 9
Off-the-Shelf Solutions Engine losses Propeller losses Waste heat recovery systems Organic Rankin Cycle Ducts Energy-saving devices for propeller Contra-rotating propellers CLT, Kappel propeller PBCF Hull losses Smooth Surface coating Hull, bow, stern optimization Air lubrication system Other 10
Energy-saving Devices How to select energy-saving devices? How effective are the devices (in calm water and seaway conditions)? How to tailor the energy-saving device to fit a specific ship? For example, how to optimize propeller/hull/rudder/es device interaction? Enough structural strength of the devices, no excessive vibration 11
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan Purpose of SEEMP is to provide a mechanism to improve efficiency in ship and unit operation SEEMP may form part of a safety management system or environmental management system or may be certified under ISO 50001 Each SEEMP to be ship\unit-specific SEEMP ideally linked to broader corporate energy management policy Large number of ship operators operating more efficiently will make a difference Limit onboard administrative burdens 12
IMO Guidelines for SEEMP Four-step continuous improvement process 13
Implementing SEEMP 14
SEEMP Development SEEMP development Energy auditing helps (if only just to unearth existing practises) Involve practitioners in development ownership from outset Ownership facilitates training and implementation Incentive schemes The success of the plan depends on willingness and enthusiasm of staff to implement it and well Training ship and shore staff About the plan; and how it is to be managed On new skills as applicable On implementations Expectations and incentives Implementation Guidance should be provided by energy efficiency team Monitoring and evaluation should be totally transparent Auditing should adopt constructive help-to-improve approach 15
Action Plan Prepare SEEMP (and CEEMP) Management policy and task responsibilities Energy baselines and energy performance indicators; targets (if any) The energy-saving measures to be implemented; how and by whom; implementation period; etc. Methods of measurements, monitoring and recordkeeping The improvement plans Method of self-evaluation and improvement Staff training and awareness ship and shore Implementation Monitoring Self-evaluation and improvement 16
Sample SEEMP Form 17
Where Should SEEMP Sit? SEEMP can be a stand-alone document It can be a part of the overall ship management system ABS has incorporated EnMS certification into its existing HSQE certification Now called HSQEEn 18
ISO 50001 & SEEMP For most operators, MARPOL Annex VI in its entirety is a legal requirement as mentioned in ISO 50001 The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is an ideal vehicle for shipboard energy efficiency under ISO 50001 SEEMP is mandatory beginning in 2013 SEEMP under ISO 50001 is audited and will have to meet more stringent requirements 19
ISO 50001 & SEEMP Areas where ISO 50001 will force SEEMP to be above minimum Documentation and documentation retention for audit purposes Energy Efficiency audits on board EEOI or equivalent becomes mandatory Goals, targets becomes requirements Each consumer and each action (as identified in the ISO 50001 scopes and boundaries) shall be measured Records of review and corrective action to measures to be recorded These aspects should be considered when when developing the SEEMP if the company has its eyes on ISO 50001 in the future ISO 50001 and SEEMP fit together 20
Energy Planning ISO 50001 requires the organization to document the process Legal and other requirements Energy review and baseline Energy performance indicators (EnPI) Energy objectives, energy targets and energy management action plans 21
Identification of Significant Energy Use Utilize data from energy consumption and use analysis Standard does not prescribe the method for determining significance but it does identify the criteria to be considered: Facilities, equipment, systems, processes and personnel that significantly affect use and consumption Other relevant factors affecting significant energy use (e.g. weather, operational changes) Determine current energy performance Estimate future energy use and consumption 22
Energy Review Must be updated at defined intervals Must be updated as in response to major changes in facilities, equipment, systems or processes 23
Energy Baselines Quantitative reference for comparison of energy performance Calculated using a set period of time (usually 12 months to account for seasonality) that is appropriate to energy consumption To be used to measure changes in energy performance 24
Energy Baselines Adjustments to the baseline are required when Energy Performance Indicators (EnPIs) no longer reflect organizational energy use and consumption There have been major changes to the process, operational patterns, or energy systems According to a predetermined method (e.g. established frequencies) Can be normalized for variables that affect energy use and consumption 25
Energy Performance Indicators (EnPIs) Quantitative value or measure of energy performance ISO 50001:2011 only international management system standard to specifically require performance metrics EnPIs can be established at various levels Facility level (Btu per units produced) System level (Btu per lb of steam) Process level (Btu per lb of cargo moved) 26
EnMS Documentation Requirements Policy Scope to be covered Energy objectives, targets and action plans Documented energy planning process including criteria for the energy review process Energy purchasing specifications Other documents determined by the company demonstrate conformance with their system 27
Procurement of Energy Services, Products, Equipment & Energy The organization must communicate to suppliers that procurement is partly evaluated on the basis of energy performance for energy services, products or equipment that impacts significant energy uses Criteria for assessing energy use, consumption and efficiency over the planned or expected operating lifetime when procuring energy using products, equipment and services Define and document energy purchasing specifications 28
ABS EnMS Model The ABS Marine HSQE(En) Guide Upgraded to include new Energy requirements A model integrated management system for Marine and Offshore application incorporating Safety, Health, Quality, Environment and Energy requirements Single integrated audits Class notation 29
NS5 Energy & Environmental Software Electronically-generated Logs and Reports Oil Record Log Fuel switching Ballast Log Fleet Mgr s Dashboard Corporate Reports including Extra-Financial QSE Report NS5 Energy Module Office Corporate Dashboard Master s Dashboard Bridge Dashboard NS5 Server + On Board Module Compliance Reports ISM ISPS ISO 14001 Emissions Bridge Existent Shipboard LAN OWS Tank levels 30
Typical Benefits of EnMS Decreased energy consumption translates to savings in cost Reduces exposure to rising energy cost Aligns comfortably with MARPOL energy efficiency regulations Helps prepare for carbon accounting Reduces environmental footprint Improves corporate image and public perception Improves operational efficiencies Supports sustainable growth 31
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