Graphic Products Social, Cultural, Moral and Environmental Issues These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. 1 of 25 For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation.
STARTER 2 of 25 Look at the feedback from your exam question you have been given back and write down 3 improvements you could make to it Write down 3 topics you would like to revise again
Learning objectives Learning objectives To learn about: the cultural and moral issues which must be considered when designing graphic products the environmental impact of making graphic products the environmental impact of packaging recycling, reusing and reducing the symbols that appear on packaging the implications of ICT. 3 of 25
4 of 25 All- D- Will be able to complete aspects of the social, moral and cultural work sheet using the power point Most- C will be able to give detailed answers Some-A/B will complete the revision exercise fully and understand all the points fully
Moral, cultural and environmental issues 5 of 25 When a product is designed, the designers have to consider a wide range of social, cultural, moral and environmental implications. These can cause conflicts that can be very difficult to solve. It is important that graphical imagery and products should not offend in any way. You must be aware of the beliefs and needs of minority groups, and take care how you portray people in your work. You should also consider the environmental impact of your product. What raw materials will it require? How will it be manufactured? How will it be disposed of once it has been used?
Cultural implications 6 of 25 Cultural Implications People from different cultures can behave and think very differently. What you may take as perfectly ordinary could be considered offensive and insulting by another culture. Think carefully about: How people are portrayed avoid stereotypes and be careful how you represent minority groups in your work. The content think carefully about the images you use. For example, attitudes to skimpy clothing vary greatly across the world. Colour and symbolism some common colours are considered holy in some cultures. Be wary of using symbols, especially religious ones.
Cultural implications 7 of 25 Here are some examples. Think carefully about how each of these graphic products could cause cultural offence. Why is this Christmas decoration inappropriate? Why is this an inappropriate recruitment poster? Why is this image inappropriate for a neighbourhood watch poster?
8 of 25 Moral implications Moral implications Most individuals, including designers, have morals ideas about right and wrong. Designers can be put in moral dilemmas if they are asked to design a product that goes against their beliefs. For example: A Catholic designer could be asked to work on a leaflet about birth control. A designer for a fashion magazine could be asked to work on an article in favour of real fur coats. Designers must decide what they are prepared to work on.
9 of 25 Environmental issues Environmental issues are increasingly affecting the design of products. People are becoming more aware of the environmental impact of our consumer society. Some of these issues are: The depletion of non-renewable resources Deforestation Air pollution Waste and refuse disposal. Industries producing graphic products use a range of papers, boards and petrochemicals. If these resources are not replaced, there will not be enough for future generations.
Making graphic products 10 of 25 Deforestation Trees are cut down to make paper. Pollution Bleaching the paper produces chemical waste. Fossil fuels Making paper uses energy obtained from fossil fuels. Fossil fuels Printing uses energy obtained from fossil fuels. Ink is made using oilbased chemicals. Waste and pollution Graphic products take up space in landfill sites. Chemicals in inks pollute the ground.
11 of 25 Product packaging consequences Packaging accounts for a large proportion of the graphic products that are manufactured. We package products for a number of different reasons: To Protect To Preserve To Advertise To Transport Do we need all this packaging? On the next slide, let s follow a cookie from its creation through its packaging process.
Product packaging consequences 12 of 25
Product packaging consequences You can put packaging into categories: Primary Packaging The packaging in direct contact with the product. Usually used for preservation and protection. Secondary Packaging The packaging outside the primary packaging. Used mainly for advertising or promotion of the product. Tertiary Packaging The packaging around the secondary packaging. Usually used for transportation purposes. 13 of 25
Product packaging materials 14 of 25 A variety of materials can be used for packaging. Boards Paper PACKAGING MATERIALS Polypropylene High Density Polythene Plastics Card Low Density Polythene PVC Polystyrene
Packaging materials 15 of 25
Recycling 16 of 25 When deciding on materials, designers also need to consider the environmental impact. One way of reducing the amount of waste produced and natural resources used up is to recycle. Recycling If possible, you should make products from recyclable materials such as paper, card, aluminium and fabrics. Some plastics can be recycled, but this is harder. Some biodegradable plastics (plastics that decompose) are now available. Designers should also consider whether their product can be made from materials that have already been recycled.
Recycling 17 of 25
Re-using and reducing 18 of 25 Materials can also be conserved by re-using products. Some products can be re-used, for example, glass milk bottles. Some products have components or parts that can be re-used once the product is finished with, for example, fastenings. We can also look at reducing the elements of a product. Use less packaging. Use as little energy as possible to create the product. Make products easier to fix, so that if there is a fault, the whole product will not need to be thrown away. Use alternative materials, like biodegradable plastic.
19 of 25 Label language Labels are used to provide information about a product. Information such as: The contents The weight Any instructions They are also used as sales and marketing tools to encourage us to buy products.
Label language Labels can be divided into a number of different categories: Action labels These are labels that tell us specific details about the product, or give instructions about how it should be used, for example, a best before date. Pictorial labels These are labels with images that relate to the product itself. The image depicts the actual product, or something closely linked to it. Abstract symbols labels These labels involve images that do not specifically link to the product. They are there for aesthetic purposes. Company logos are often abstract. 20 of 25
Label language 21 of 25
Label language 22 of 25 Labels often need to be multicultural imagery and symbols are used instead of words to help overcome language barriers. For example, the washing labels that appear in clothing are common across the globe. They can be understood without having to read any words. Colour is also crucial in labelling. Colours evoke different emotions and, if carefully used, can create strong messages. For example, chocolate manufacturers often use the colour purple because it is a rich, warm colour associated with luxury.
Symbols used for recycling 23 of 25
Plastic recycling symbols 24 of 25 Each different type of plastic must be recycled separately. It is not always easy to tell the different types apart. Manufacturers add a symbol to the plastic they produce, so that it can be easily sorted for recycling. POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE POLYPROPYLENE PVC POLYSTYRENE ALL OTHER RESINS AND MIXES
The implications of ICT 25 of 25 The increasing use of ICT has had wide-reaching effects on modern society. The greatest effect has been on communication. It is now easier than ever to share words, images and sounds with other people. Videoconferencing E-mail Mobile phones CAD and CAM The Internet These innovations have had both positive and negative effects.
The implications of ICT 26 of 25
Key points 27 of 25 Key points When making graphic products, it is important to consider how people from different cultures and social groups will view the product. Graphic products produce waste and pollution. The environmental impact of graphic products should be minimized through greener manufacturing processes and increased recycling. Labels are used for many different purposes, including safety warnings, product information, marketing and overcoming language barriers. The increasing use of ICT has had both positive and negative effects on society.