27th Voorburg Group Meeting Warsaw, Poland October, 2012 Mini Presentation: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation services Richard McMahon, Central Statistics Office, Ireland 1
1.0 Definition of the service The Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector covers a wide range of activities to meet various cultural, entertainment and recreational interests of the general public, including live performances, operation of museums, gambling, sports and recreation activities. The sector comprises private, public and community non-profit type establishments. In Ireland these services are defined according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community NACE Rev. 2. It includes the following NACE Divisions: 90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities This division includes the operation of facilities and provision of services to meet the cultural and entertainment interests of their customers. This includes the production and promotion of, and participation in, live performances, events or exhibits intended for public viewing; the provision of artistic, creative or technical skills for the production of artistic products and live performances. It excludes the activities of personal, theatrical, casting agents or agencies, manufacture of statues, other than artistic originals, restoring of organs and other historical musical instruments, motion picture and video production. 91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities This division includes the activities of libraries and archives; the operation of museums of all kinds, botanical and zoological gardens; the operation of historical sites and nature reserves activities. It also includes the preservation and exhibition of objects, sites and natural wonders of historical, cultural or educational interest (e.g. world heritage sites, etc). 92 Gambling and betting activities This division includes the operation of gambling facilities such as casinos, bingo halls and video gaming terminals and the provision of gambling services, such as lotteries and off-track betting. 93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities This division includes the provision of recreational, amusement and sports activities (except museums activities, preservation of historical sites, botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities; and gambling and betting activities). It excludes the operation of teleferics, funiculars, ski and cable lifts, fishing cruises, provision of space and facilities for short stay by visitors in recreational parks and forests and campgrounds, 2
trailer parks, recreational camps, hunting and fishing camps, campsites and campgrounds, and discotheques. 2.0 Output measurement In Ireland, a combination of monthly and annual surveys collect turnover information from private sector enterprises in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector. For national accounts purposes other sources of output measures are appropriate e.g. Lotteries the sales of tickets, less the prizes given out, gives the gross output for the sector; Non-profit sports clubs - output is the sum of the costs including volunteer labour. Where membership fees cover the costs then they represent an alternative measure of output. 3.0 Surveys collecting turnover information There is no European Union legal requirement to provide short-term or structural business statistics on the turnover of the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector. However, the Central Statistics Office, Ireland includes some of these sectors in the mainstream inquiries of the services sector to meet national needs. Monthly Services Inquiry The Monthly Services Inquiry was introduced in January 2009 to meet user demands for a shortterm indicator on the performance of the services sector. It collects turnover information from enterprises in the traded services sector in order to show trends in output at current prices. The long term plan is to produce an Index of Service Production by deflating the monthly turnover series. The next step in the development of the volume index is to compile monthly deflators for all traded services sectors. The Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector is included in the survey although results are not published for these sectors. The sample is relatively small so results for the sector are included in a residual Other Services category. In 2012, the sample was boosted in order to provide the National Accounts area with an additional source of information on short-term trends in the personal consumption of Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services. Structural Business Statistics Structural Business Statistics (SBS) cover industry, construction, trade and services. They describe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses in Ireland and across the EU. The main indicators within SBS are generally collected and presented as monetary values. These include numbers of enterprises, persons employed, turnover, cost of sales, expenses, investment in capital, gross value added. 3
The Annual Services Inquiry (ASI) is the primary source for structural business statistics on the traded services sector in Ireland. It is a sample survey which collects Profit & Loss and Balance Sheet type information from enterprises on an annual basis. In order to reduce response burden on small enterprises the CSO uses administrative taxation data from the Revenue Commissioners in place of statistical surveys for very small services sector enterprises. A regression model is used to integrate the administrative and survey data. For further information, see http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/releasespublications/documents/corporatepublications/adminis trativedata.pdf. The Gambling and betting activities and Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities sectors are included in the ASI sample to meet the needs of National Accounts although difficulties exist with coverage of the small non-profit enterprises in these sectors. The Creative, arts and entertainment activities and Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities divisions are not included in the ASI sample. Business Demography The CSO s Business Demography series provides the most complete statistical coverage of the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector. The data for Business Demography are based on the CSO Central Business Register. The Business Register is a register of all enterprises that are active in the State and is based on enterprises that are registered for tax purposes with the Revenue Commissioners. Information provided from the Business Demography source includes statistics on the number of enterprises, number of enterprise births and deaths, the survival rates of newly born enterprises, along with employment figures related to each of these statistics. Turnover information is contained most enterprise level records however an aggregate series has not yet been produced. 4.0 Market conditions and constraints In 2010, the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector contributed around 1.3% to total GDP in Ireland. There were 5,147 enterprises and 31,654 persons employed in the sectors. Over 55% of enterprises in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services are involved in Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities. Gambling and betting activities make up just 9% of the total number of enterprises but account for just under a quarter of the total employment. The Creative Arts and Entertainment activities make up a third of enterprises but account for just 12% of employment. The Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities account for 4
just 3% of the enterprises and 7% of the employment in the sectors. See Table 1 and Figure 1 below. Table 1: Number of enterprises and employment in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector, 2010 Number of enterpries Employment R Arts, entertainment and recreation 5,147 31,654 R90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities 1,670 3,796 R90.01 Performing arts 398 749 R90.02 Support activities to performing arts 390 1,007 R90.03 Artistic creation 760 1,089 R90.04 Operation of arts facilities 122 951 R91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 176 2,264 R91.01 Library and archives activities 26 383 R91.02 Museums activities 56 827 R91.03 Operation of historical sites and buildings and similar attractions 75 777 R91.04 Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities 19 277 R92 Gambling and betting activities 460 7,342 R93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 2,841 18,252 R93.1 Sports activities 2,305 16,065 R93.11 Operation of sports facilities 1,266 9,236 R93.12 Activities of sport clubs 441 2,849 R93.13 Fitness facilities 108 868 R93.19 Other sports activities 490 3,112 R93.2 Amusement and recreation activities 536 2,187 R93.21 Activities of amusement parks and theme parks 68 392 R93.29 Other amusement and recreation activities 468 1,795 Source: CSO Business Demography, 2010 5
Figure 1: Comparison of the number of enterprises and employment in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector, 2010 Number of enterprises Employment R90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities R91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities R92 Gambling and betting activities R93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities These sectors are dominated by small and in particular micro enterprises. Almost 87% of enterprises in these sectors employ less than 10 persons. A very small number of large enterprises exist in the Gambling and betting activities and Sports and amusement and recreation activities sector. See Table 2 below. Table 2: Number of enterprises classified by employment in the Entertainment and Recreation services sector, 2010 Employment Size < 10 10 19 20 49 50 249 250+ All R Arts, entertainment and recreation 4,463 375 225 78 6 5,147 R90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities 1,613 27 19 11 0 1,670 R91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 130 24 10 12 0 176 R92 Gambling and betting activities 378 34 27 18 3 460 R93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities 2,342 290 169 37 3 2,841 6
Source: CSO Business Demography, 2010 In considering the levels of economic activity in these sectors in Ireland it should be noted that: 1) The employment of public establishments such as libraries will not be included in this sector as staff are directly employed by local authorities. Such employment will be included in NACE Sector O: Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security. 2) Some employment in the Arts or non-profit establishments will not be recorded in the administrative systems as revenues may be below a certain threshold or the activities may be tax exempt. 3) There is a high degree of seasonality and part-time and casual employment. As a result, estimates from the Labour Force survey show higher levels of employment in these sectors. See Figure 2 below. Figure 2: Comparison of employment in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector, Business Demography, 2010 and Labour Force Survey, Q2 2010 ource: CSO Business Demography, 2010 CSO Quarterly National Household Survey, Q2 2010 S 7
Structural Business Statistics The Gambling and betting activities and Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities sectors are surveyed annually to obtain Profit & Loss and Balance Sheet type information to meet national accounts requirements. The main economic results for these sectors are presented in Table 3 below. It shows 427 enterprises in the Gambling and betting activities sector generating over 1.1bn turnover. The Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities sector also generated around 1.1bn sales through 2,408 enterprises. Both sectors are characterized by high levels of part-time employment. Table 3: Summary economic data on selected Entertainment and Recreation services sectors, 2010 Unit R92 Gambling and betting activities R93 Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities Enterprises No. 427 2,408 Turnover '000 1,143,000 1,090,578 Personnel costs '000 225,786 397,184 Total employment No. 7,344 18,045 of which Proprietors, partners, family member No. 430 1,776 Full time employees No. 4,358 8,997 Part time employees No. 2,556 7,272 Source : CSO Annual Services Inquiry, 2010 The following chart shows the distribution of turnover in the Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities sector : 8
Figure 3: Distribution of total turnover in Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities sector, 2010 5.0 Standard classification structure 5.1 Industrial classification Ireland uses the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community NACE Rev. 2 for national purposes. 90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities 9001 Performing arts 9002 Support activities to performing arts 9003 Artistic creation 9004 Operation of arts facilities 91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities 9101 Library and archives activities 9102 Museums activities 9103 Operation of historical sites and buildings and similar visitor attractions 9104 Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities 92 Gambling and betting activities 9
92.00 Gambling and betting activities 93.1 Sports activities 93.11 Operation of sports facilities 93.12 Activities of sport clubs 93.13 Fitness facilities 93.19 Other sports activities 93.2 Amusement and recreation activities 93.21 Activities of amusement parks and theme parks 93.29 Other amusement and recreation activities 5.2 Product classification Ireland uses the EU CPA 2008 classification. See Appendix 1. 6.0 Evaluation of standard vs. definition and market conditions Coverage of non-profit enterprises The Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector is comprised of a number of non-profit community type enterprises which may not appear in the administrative system. Small sports clubs are examples of such enterprises which may not generate sufficient revenue to register for tax purposes. The primary source of information for the Business Register in Ireland is tax data from the Revenue Commissioners. As a result, such non-profit community type enterprises would not be included in the coverage of CSO statistical surveys. Business Register staff attempt to supplement the administrative sources through information from industry representative groups and internet searches etc. The main difficulty with information obtained from nonadministrative sources is updating the status and employment data of such concerns. Public sector activity Activities of establishments such as public libraries will not be covered in this sector as they are operated by local authorities who are classified under NACE Sector O: Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security. Ancillary activities A significant part of the turnover from activities in these sectors is generated by ancillary revenues such as bar sales in sports clubs. In order to minimize response burden on enterprises in Ireland, we do not collect turnover information at a product level. 10
7.0 National accounts concepts and measurement issues related to GDP measurement Virtually all the output from the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sectors goes to final consumption. The national accounts use a variety of sources to compile GDP estimates for these sectors: - Expenditure information on consumption of services from Household Budget Surveys - Information on incomes from administrative tax data - Output data from the Structural Business Statistics surveys for Gambling and betting activities and Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities - Other industry sources such as the National Lottery revenues and outgoings - Consumer price indices for deflators In the compilation of the Institutional Sector Accounts it is necessary to produce estimates of GDP for Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH). It is difficult for the Central Business Register to identify and update information on these concerns as they may not be registered with tax authorities. These NPISH are prevalent in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation sectors and as result it poses challenges for national accounts to measure their GDP. These are difficult fragmented sectors for national accounts to measure. Their contribution to overall GDP is quite low however improvements in the coverage of business statistics should lead to better quality estimates for the sectors. 8.0 Turnover data methods The various surveys that collect data on these methods are outlined in Section 3 above. Administrative data from the Revenue Commissioners also provide annual and sub-annual turnover data. National Accounts complement these sources with expenditure information from the Household Budget Survey and other sources. See previous section. 9.0 Evaluation of comparability of turnover/output data with price index practices 11
Virtually all the output from these sectors goes to final consumption so there is no producer prices compiled. 10.0 Summary The Arts, Entertainment and Recreation services sector is a small part of the Irish economy that provides a wide range of activities to meet various cultural, entertainment and recreational interests of the general public, including live performances, operation of museums, gambling, sports and recreation activities. The availability of turnover data for the sector is incomplete in Ireland as they are not covered under EU Regulations on Business Statistics. There is however a good source of detailed annual survey data for private sector enterprises in the Gambling and betting activities and Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities sectors. These sectors contain a significant number of non-profit establishments. This poses challenges for the Business Register areas in identifying and updating the status of such establishments where they are not registered for tax purposes. As a result, the coverage of this sector may not be complete for statistical purposes. Activities of establishments such as public libraries will not be covered in this sector as they are operated by local authorities who are classified under Public Administration sector. A significant part of the turnover from activities in these sectors is generated by ancillary revenues such as bar sales in sports clubs. In order to minimize response burden on enterprises in Ireland, we do not collect turnover information at a product level. These are difficult fragmented sectors for national accounts to measure. A number of different administrative and statistical sources are used in the compilation of GDP 12
APPENDIX 1 - CPA 2008 structure 13
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