Renewable Energy in South Africa Resources and Opportunities STIAS Energy Workshop 5 March2013 Stellenbosch Prof JL (Wikus) van Niekerk Director Studies Stellenbosch University Slide 1
REIPPPP Progress to Date Round 1, December 2011 (28 Projects): Round 2, May 2012 (19 Projects) Onshore Wind: 634 MW 562.6 MW of 1 850 MW Solar PV 631.5 MW 417.1 MW of 1 450 MW Solar CSP 150 MW 50 MW of 200 MW* 1.4 GW 1.03 GW Finacial Close on Round 1 was expected in June but only occurred on 5 November 2012 Next Rounds Submission Dates: 20 August 2012 (Delayed to August 2013) Q1 2013 (Q1 2014?) Q3 2013 (??) * CSP allocation may be increased by the Minister of Energy to 400 MW Slide 2
REIPPPP Progress to Date (2) Average Bid Price Technology Round 1 Round 2 PV R 2.75 / kwh R 1.65 / kwh Wind R 1.14 / kwh R 0.89 / kwh CSP R 2.68/kWh R 2.51/kWh Local Content Technology Round 1 Round 2 PV 28.5% 47.5% Wind 21.7% 36.7% CSP 36.5% 21% Slide 3
Wind Energy Resource Slide 4
Large Wind Turbines in SA Klipheuwel, Eskom Demonstration Wind turbines Vesta V47 660 kw Vestas V66 1 750 kw Jeumont J48 750 kw Darling Wind Farm, Darlipp Four 1,3 MW Führlander wind turbines Installed February-March 2008 Commissioned May 2008 Official Switch-On, 23 May 2008 Expected capacity factor > 30% (23-24%) Sere, Eskom Wind Energy Facility, near Lutzville on West Coast Up to 100 wind turbines, first phase 100 MW, second phase 100 MW Funded by French Development Bank, African Development Bank and World Bank loans Funding secured, soon out on tender, again Last Large Turbine Coega 1,8 MW Vestas turbine Slide 5
Wind Energy REIPPPP Projects Slide 6
World Solar Energy Resource Direct Normal Irradiance Slide 7
South Africa DNI DNI: Direct Normal Irradiance used for CSP and CPV resource assessments Spain USA South Africa Slide 8
Potential for CSP in South Africa Criteria: DNI > 2 400 kwh/m 2 /annum Distance to from a substation on the transmission grid < 30 km Flat area, slope < 2% Non-sensitive land-use areas With current grid 1 129 MW With planned expansion 3 000 MW Total available more than 262 GW in South Africa, 183 GW in the Northern Cape Meyer & Van Niekerk, Solar PACES 2011 Slide 9
CSP REIPPPP Projects Slide 10
CSP Cost IEA CSP Road Map Slide 11
USA Sun Shot Programme Slide 12
South Africa GHI GHI: Global Horisontal Irradiance used for PV and SWH resource assessments Slide 13
PV REIPPPP Projects Slide 14
PV Prices Slide 15
5 GW Solar Park Background: Project initiated by the CCI (Clinton Climate Initiative) and the Department of Energy High level pre-feasibility study done in 2010 Launched in Upington, 28&29 October 2010 by Minister of Energy Stellenbosch University and GeoModel Solar did an update on the solar resource for the Upington site R 18m made available for full feasibility study but the tender was never awarded. Issues: Land earmarked for 5 GW Solar Park belongs to the Municipality and not the provincial or national government Not possible to evacuate 5 GW of electricity from Upington, perhaps 200 MW now, 1 GW after transmission line upgrade One 5 GW Solar Park or rather five 1 GW parks in a Solar Corridor? New location identified at Prieska, 200 km south-east from Upington Slide 16
Ocean Energy Resource Agulhas Ocean current, 1.5-2m/s Slide 17 Source: Joubert (2008)
Hydro Energy Existing: Hydroelectric power stations at Gariep (360 MW) and Vanderkloof (240 MW) dams Caharo Bassa in Mozambique (2 000 MW) Mostly in countries bordering SA to the north Pump Storage: Steenbras (180 MW), Palmiet (400 MW) and Drakensberg (1 000 MW) New Ingula (1 333 MW) Micro and Small Hydro: Small installations, < 100 kw Run-of-river systems Small hydro, e.g. Bethlehem Hydro, 7 MW Future: Inga in the DRC, Grand Inga 40 GW (Eskom s current installed capacity) Slide 18
Waste to Energy Bio Digesters Large potential (in numbers, not MWs) for domestic biogas production, cooking, heating and electricity generation Energy from Waste Many cities (Johannesburg, Cape Town, etc) do have a problem with too much MSW Incinerators, coupled to boilers not used at present Landfill-gas from capped landfills Durban Landfill Projects La Mercy & Marianhill landfills 1,1 MW GE Jenbacher gas engine Bisasar Road 6.5 MW online CDM Projects Slide 19
Conclusions South Africa has abundant renewable energy resources that can be tapped for clean energy and increase security of supply. South Africa has one of the best solar regimes in the world, of all the renewable energy resources it is by far the most abundantly available in the country. Stimulating significant growth in the renewable energy sector will not only results in construction, O&M jobs but could also establish a manufacturing industry that will create even more jobs. The manner in which the Government implements the current IRP and REIPPPP is very important to establish the credibility of SA s emerging renewable energy industry. Slide 20
Future Perspectives Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) should be an integral part of any future large-scale RE roll-out in South Africa since: RE technology where SA can still carve out a place to manufacture components and systems. Need CSP plants with storage to anchor the grid in areas with solar irradiance to fascilitate the roll-out of PV and to serve the early evening peak. CSP with storage more valuable than most other RE plants. Wind energy most mature and lowest cost at present. Ocean Energy will need to siginficantly reduce the cost to compete with CSP, PV and Wind in SA. Slide 21
Acknowledgements Josh Reynecke James Joubert Paul Gauche Riaan Meyer and GeoModel Solar for Solar Maps Slide 22
Questions?? Contact Details: www.crses.sun.ac.za wikus@sun.ac.za Slide 23