IN BRIEF 9 KEY FIGURES OF Page 10 GLOBAL PRESENCE OF Page 16
10 Annual Report 2016 AT A GLANCE 52 % developing markets * 48 % mature markets * Balanced global footprint * of net sales 2,300 operating sites 90,000 employees Lowest CO 2 emissions per tonne of cement among international groups 2,000 granted patents or patent applications 14 million tonnes of waste used as alternative fuel and raw material * * in 2015
In Brief Key Figures of LafargeHolcim 11 CEMENT Profile Around the world, our customers can choose from a wide range of specialized LafargeHolcim cements, enabling them to turn their construction plans large or small into reality. Cement is manufactured through a large-scale, capital- and energy- intensive process. At the core of the production process is a rotary kiln, in which limestone and clay are heated to approximately 1,450 degrees Celsius. The semi-finished product, clinker, is created by sintering, or heating it until it coalesces into solid material. In the cement mill, gypsum is added to the clinker and the mixture is ground to a fine powder traditional Portland cement. Other high-grade materials such as granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, pozzolan, and limestone can be added in order to modify the properties of the cement for special uses. Sales of cement in million t 300 255.7 200 100 233.2 LafargeHolcim produces an extensive line of cements and hydraulic binders. These range from Portland cements and classic masonry cements to specialized products for different types of environments, including those exposed to seawater, sulfates and other harsh natural conditions, where cements with high slag or pozzolan content provide greater durability. The Group also develops solutions intended for specific applications, such as white cement, oil-well cements, and road surfacing binders. These products go hand in hand with certain complementary services, such as technical support, order and delivery logistics, documentation, demonstrations and training related to the characteristics and proper use of cement. 0 2015 2016 Consolidated key figures for cement in 2016 2016 Cement customers include construction and public works organizations, manufacturers (producers of ready-mix concrete and prefabricated products), and, via retailers, the general public. At a basic level, the market can be segmented into bag and bulk cement. Bag markets consist of highly fragmented customer groups. Emerging markets tend to be the largest consumers of bagged cement. Bulk markets are more industrialized, as they are mainly focused on larger business-to-business customers such as construction companies or building products manufacturers. Most mature markets in Europe and North America are predominantly bulk markets. Cement is a product that is costly to transport over land. Consequently, the radius within which a typical cement plant is competitive extends no more than 300 kilometers for the most common types of cement. However, cement can be shipped more economically by sea and inland waterways over great distances. Most LafargeHolcim plants are located close to customers in highly populated areas, benefiting from the ongoing global urbanization trend. Production capacity cement in million t 353.3 Cement and grinding plants 226 Sales of cement in million t 233.2 Net sales 1 in million CHF 17,952 Operating EBITDA 1 in million CHF 4,320 Personnel 1 56,133 1 Includes all other cementitious materials Consolidated sales of cement 2016 per region 1 in million t 2016 Asia Pacific 113.7 Europe 41.6 Latin America 24.1 Middle East Africa 40.3 North America 19.5 1 Inter-regional sales 6.0 million t
12 Annual Report 2016 CONSOLIDATED CEMENT CAPACITY in million tonnes per year 353.3 LafargeHolcim 11.7 Algeria 2.5 Lebanon 0.5 Reunion 55.3 10.8 Nigeria 2.3 Kenya 0.4 Zimbabwe Middle East Africa 8.9 Egypt 1.6 Zambia 0.3 Malawi 6.0 Iraq 1.2 Uganda 0.2 Madagascar 3.9 Jordan 1.1 Tanzania 3.4 South Africa 0.6 Qatar 67.7 India 37.8 China 15.1 Indonesia 10.5 Malaysia 9.3 Philippines 6.1 Vietnam 3.9 Bangladesh 150.5 Asia Pacific
In Brief Key Figures of LafargeHolcim 13 10.5 Russia 3.7 Italy 1.5 Bulgaria 76.4 9.7 France 3.3 Switzerland 1.4 Serbia Europe 7.8 Spain 2.1 Austria 1.3 Moldova 7.7 Poland 2.1 Belgium 1.2 Czech Republic 7.4 Germany 1.9 Azerbaijan 0.9 Croatia 6.0 Romania 1.7 Hungary 4.6 Greece 1.6 United Kingdom 12.2 Mexico 2.3 Chile 0.7 West Indies 41.9 11.1 Brazil 2.1 Colombia 0.4 Nicaragua Latin America 5.5 Ecuador 1.7 El Salvador 4.8 Argentina 1.1 Costa Rica 22.6 United States 29.2 6.6 Canada North America
14 Annual Report 2016 AGGREGATES Sales of aggregates in million t 300 200 100 292.2 282.7 Profile Aggregates include crushed stone, gravel, and sand. They can also be recycled from concrete material. They are typically produced by blasting hard rock from quarries and then extracting and crushing it. Aggregate production also involves the extraction of sand and gravel from both land and marine locations, which generally requires less crushing. In both cases, the aggregates are then screened to obtain various sizes to meet different needs. Aggregates differ in terms of their physical characteristics such as hardness, geological nature (limestone, granite, etc), granularity (ranging from sand to riprap used in seawalls), shape, color, and granular distribution. These characteristics determine the applications for which the various types of aggregates are suited. 0 2015 2016 Thanks to the work of the LafargeHolcim Research Center, the Group has been able to tailor its offer to products with greater added value. LafargeHolcim also markets high-quality recycled aggregates made from crushed concrete and asphalt resulting from deconstruction. Consolidated key figures for aggregates in 2016 2016 Aggregates plants 648 Sales of aggregates in million t 282.7 Aggregates are used as raw materials for concrete, masonry and asphalt and as base materials for roads, landfills, and buildings. As such, they are a key component of construction projects worldwide. There is a very broad range of customers for aggregates. Major ones include concrete and asphalt producers, manufacturers of prefabricated products, and construction and public works contractors of all sizes. Because of the high weight of aggregates and cost of transporting them, aggregates markets are nearly always local. Net sales in million CHF 3,933 Operating EBITDA in million CHF 628 Personnel 11,816 Consolidated sales of aggregates 2016 per region in million t 2016 Asia Pacific 32.2 Europe 124.2 Latin America 6.0 Middle East Africa 12.2 North America 108.2
In Brief Key Figures of LafargeHolcim 15 READY-MIX CONCRETE AND OTHERS Profile Concrete is the world s second most consumed good by volume after water. One cubic meter consists of approximately 300 kilograms of cement, 150 liters of water and two tonnes of aggregates. Ready-mix concrete is one of the largest markets for the cement and aggregates industries. Sales of ready-mix concrete in million m³ 100 Buyers of ready-mix concrete are typically construction and public works contractors, ranging from major multinational corporations to small-scale customers. LafargeHolcim works to set itself apart based on the quality and consistency of its products, the breadth of its portfolio and, especially, the innovative solutions developed by its Research Center. These include ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete, self-filling and selfleveling concrete, architectural concrete, insulating concrete, and pervious concrete. 50 0 56.8 55.0 2015 2016 The ready-mix concrete industry is less capital intensive than the cement industry. It is also highly decentralized, since concrete is a heavy product that must be delivered quickly, requiring that production facilities be near the place of use. Only very large integrated corporations such as LafargeHolcim that produce both cement and aggregates have succeeded in establishing an international presence in this market. The competition consists mainly of independent, local operators. Consolidated key figures for ready-mix concrete in 2016 2016 Asphalt is a bituminous construction material used primarily for road paving. It consists of high quality aggregates mixed with a bitumen binder. Generally speaking, asphalt is sold directly by the asphalt producer to the customer with only very limited use of intermediate distributors or agents, since prompt and reliable delivery is essential. Ready-mix concrete plants 1,410 Sales of ready-mix concrete in million m³ 55.0 Net sales in million CHF 5,424 Operating EBITDA in million CHF 98 Personnel 1 21,257 1 Includes all other construction materials and services
16 Annual Report 2016 GLOBAL PRESENCE OF 21,829 EUROPE NORTH AMERICA ASIA PACIFIC 12,257 MIDDLE EAST AFRICA 31,274 LATIN AMERICA 10,536 13,191 NET SALES IN CHF MILLION 8,226 Asia Pacific 7,023 Europe 2,773 Latin America 3,900 Middle East Africa 5,584 North America ADJUSTED OPERATING EBITDA IN CHF MILLION 1,530 Asia Pacific 1,329 Europe 885 Latin America 1,196 Middle East Africa 1,329 North America LEGEND Presence of LafargeHolcim Employees per region