Content of the module Methodology approach Planning process Definition of working area Population and territorial context Supply Infrastructure Transport service Demand On board / at the stations or bus stops Home phone Focus group
Methodology approach Mobility data gathering (qualitative and quantitative) Mobility & ICT current situation Current infrastructure and transport services Technical, political, economic inputs FTS service Comparative analysis Economic Cost/Benefits Customers satisfaction Environmental Service scenario Service model Net Price policy Information and promotion to users Feed back
Planning process Definition of goals, objectives and constraints Planning defines the objectives of the examined processes and the constraints they are submitted to. Objectives and constraints are not absolutely general, but they are referred to the particular process. Definition of stakeholders Private stakeholder Objectives: maximise incomes Constraints: current normative, available budget Public stakeholder Objectives: increase safety, accessibility to transport services, save energetic and environmental resources, etc. Constraints: contain deficit Current situation analysis Analysis of the current situation of the transport system Analysis of the overall system with which the transport system interacts (study of trend population and land use") Find out the main difficulties and critical points referred to objectives and constraints of the foreseen application.
1. Determination of study area Definition of the geographical area where projected services impose their main effects. 2. Determination of plan area Definition of the geographical area where projected services impose all their effects. 3. Zoning Definition of working area In order to facilitate the construction of the model the study area is divided in traffic zones. Main criteria to follow is to build homogeneous zones from the point of view of territory, social, economic, demographic, etc without important natural or artificial barriers inside as rivers, railway lines, highways, etc. Usually zoning is created starting from a general base zoning (in Italy ISTAT Zoning is used; ISTAT is the Italian Institute for Statistics). The external area to the study area, included in the plan area usually is divided in wider zones than the ones inside the study area.
1) Determination of study area
2) Determination of plan area Module F Good practice in FTS service planning
3) Zoning
Example of zoning used for mobility and transport studies in Florence Municipality
Population and territorial context To describe a territory it is important to report the main characteristics as its boundaries, position, altitude, etc. (e.g. for Impruneta the proximity with Florence is a fundamental factor for the entire mobility and trip relations) Moreover it is important to identify the main business activities located in the territory as industrial zones, shopping centre or tourist activities.
Population and territorial context In order to evaluate the development of the local site, it is interesting to find out the population trend and the population spanning in the territory (districts, areas or municipalities in case of province and region). The tables below show a possible description of population in terms of gender and age splitting and trend. Age (Yrs) Male Female Total < 5 295 279 574 5-14 591 583 1.174 15-34 2.090 2.074 4.164 35-64 3.072 3.237 6.309 >65 1.172 1.635 2.807 Total 7.220 7.808 15.028 Year Population Variation from 1995 Variation [%] 1995 15.028 - - 1996 14.955-63 -0.4 1997 14.890-128 -0.8 1998 14.831-187 - 1.2 1999 14.790-228 - 1.5
Population and territorial context Population 1995 1999 Variation from 1995 Variation [%] Impruneta 15.018 14.790-228 -1.5 Province of Florence 956.539 951.326-5.213-0.5 Municipality of Florence 387.903 376.760-11.143-2.8 In order to evaluate the dynamics of population, and the consequent dynamics of mobility, it can be useful to compare the different trend in local context at different level (such as in the table the Municipality of Impruneta, the Province of Florence in which Impruneta is inserted and the Municipality of Florence the main centre in the metropolitan area). The table below shows the population movements. The population balance is divided in natural movements (births and deaths) and migratory movement from other municipality or abroad. The natural movement is an indicator of the medium age of population. A big number of deaths and a few being of births results from an elderly population with few young families. Residents (1/1/'98) NATURAL MOVEMENT MIGRATORY MOVEMENT Births Deaths Balance Registered Cancelled Balance Total balance Residents (1/1/'99) 14.831 129 187-58 502 485 17-41 14.790
Population and territorial context Completing the analysis of the territorial context Provide a description of the mobility infra (roads, parking lots,..) located in the examined area Understand the relationship with the closest municipalities and the mobility supply at large scale Define the various level of the street, their interrelations and the centres linked. Highways National roads Provincial roads
Supply: Roads (1/2) A detailed survey of the main characteristics of the roads of the examined area is fundamental to design a FTS service. The knowledge of the roads allows us to understand as example if it is possible to run with buses in relation to the width lanes, slope or direction. In a following phase, if FTS service will be really set up, in order to build the model for FTS software application, a more detailed data gathering about roads characteristics of the study should be carried out. The main data to be surveyed: - Roads Typology (main suburban, secondary suburban, main urban, according to each national roads normative) - Direction (one way street or double way street) - Number of lanes for direction - Width lanes - Presence of shoulder - Width of shoulders - Total width of roads section (lanes + shoulders) - Presence and typology of parking by the side of the road - Presence of bus stops - Presence of dedicated areas for bus stop - Presence of central reservation - Presence of important bottleneck - Level of tortuosity (big/medium/low) - Presence of cross walking - Longitude slope
Supply: Roads (2/2) Cross walking Bus stop area Directions Bike lane Parking lots by the side of the road
Supply: Parking Sometimes a detailed survey on the parking supply is useful especially regarding parking structures near intermodal exchange points, parking rules Traffic (e.g. resident or limited zones) and parking fare policy. limited zone Resident parking zone (all the coloured ones) Parking lots
Supply: Public Transport Current supply of public transport in terms of: Number and typology of operators (urban buses, suburban buses, undergrounds, tramways, railways, etc) Level of services (timetables, frequency, etc) Means of transport typology Fare policy Flexible services (area, model service, ICT, fares, etc) Special services (schools, disabled, elderly, night services, etc) In this phase it is important to analyse all the services provided in the study area in order to evaluate the possibility to optimize the resources needed including the FTS services in an existing service (e.g. school service in the off-peak hour can be used as FTS services). A possible representation of a traditional transport line is provided in the following slide.
Supply: Public Transport FLORENCE LINE 37 Line 37 departures from Tavarnuzze to Florence
Demand: Public Transport (1/2) In order to investigate public transport demand different types of survey could be used. Among the most relevant we can mention: Count on-board (pick-ups, drop-offs, presents on board) The survey on boarded and set down users aims to verify the level of usage of public transport along all the routes of a line or a part of it. Generally the survey is carried out onboard of the vehicles counting in every bus stops how many people pick-up and drop-off. Using these two numbers it is possible to calculate the number of presents on board in every segment between two bus stops. Count and survey to a sample of users at bus stops Using this survey it is possible to find out the origins and destinations of bus users together with other important characteristic of users as type of tickets or the frequency of usage. In this type of survey, the users are interviewed at the bus stop while trey are waiting for the bus. If the interviews are made at the bus stops the sample universe is the total of the users pick up at the same bus stop in a time band. In order to homogenize the survey the whole time periods of survey is sub-divided taking into account the main characteristics of mobility (e.g. peak and peak off hours). It is possible to carry out the same analysis with the same procedures at the railway stations.
Demand: Public Transport (2/2) POSSIBLE QUESTIONS FOR BUS STOP SURVEY Hour of interview; Age and gender; Origin - Type (question with a limited number of possible answers such as home, usual work place, unusual work place, school as student, free time, hospital, etc); -Place(Municipality, street/square with street number); - Departure hour; Destination - Type (question with a limited number of possible answers); -Place(Municipality, street/square with street number); - Arrival hour; Number of bus or other means of transport used (in case of more than one mode of transport it is necessary to indicate the sequence of different modes e.g. by bike (mode 1) to the reach railway station followed by train (mode 2) to reach the final destination); Number of travel in a medium week; Type of ticket or pass used;
Demand: Home Phone Survey (1/3) Users needs are the fundamental requirements to take into account to analyse the feasibility of a new transport public service in general and in particular for FTS services. Home Phone Survey is the best way to reach a statistic significant sample of the resident population The main aim is to reach a non selected sample in order to build the current situation of the mobility needs of the whole examined population The questions are similar to the ones for bus stop survey but in this situation there is more time to investigate in more detailed way some aspects such as mobility habits, level of satisfaction about current mobility services, etc. To contain the number of possible answers for some items it is necessary to introduce close answers [e.g. for destination type possible items are usual work place, unusual work place, school (as student), shopping, hospital or health centre, visit to relatives, public offices, private reasons, etc], but it is recommended to leave a blank field for no foreseeable answers.
Demand: Home Phone Survey (2/3) ITEMS USED IN IMPRUNETA PHONE SURVEY (1/2) Age and gender For the outward journey (in a medium weekday) Origin Place (inside the examined zone) Street/Square with street number Departure hour Destination Type (with a limited number of possible answer) Place (Municipality) Street / Square with street number Arrival hour Number of travel in a medium week Modes of transport (in case of more than one mode of transport it is necessary to indicate the sequence of different modes e.g. by bike (1) to the reach railway station and after by train (2) to reach the final destination)
Demand: Home Phone Survey (3/3) ITEMS USED IN IMPRUNETA PHONE SURVEY (2/2) Alternative transport modes Reason of no-use of alternative transport modes (closed answer) Global judgement on outward journey For the return journey If return journey has not the same modalities of the outward journey it is clearly necessary specify the differences. General journey questions Average expenditure for journey (in a week or in a month) Reasons for non-use of public transport (if interviewed person do not use public transport) (close answer plus a blank field for free answer) Suggestions to improve mobility in Impruneta (free answer)
Demand: Focus Group (1/2) Qualitative discussion groups (6-10 participants and a moderator) The moderator leads the discussion on specific topics in order to obtain - Behavioural evaluation - Measurement of the attitudes towards existing and under development services. The Focus Group Methodology is a qualitative analysis based on an open discussion of inputs that the existing and under development information systems/services could provide to the users. Focus groups provide qualitative measurements rather than quantitative data In order to achieve a numerical judgements value of the relevance of the different aspects involved in the information provision, the results of the Focus Groups will also be weighted in a numerical scale.
Demand: Focus Group (2/2) Target Specific user categories (elderly, disabled, ) and associations PT operators Authorities/other stakeholders Providers/Suppliers Methodology Number of focus group sessions = 6 Maximum 6-10 persons per each group Phases of each Focus Group: Opening of the meeting Provision of a questionnaire Group discussion Conclusion of the meeting Each focus group is about 1,5 2 hours long
The end of the Module F